HISTORY OF QUEBEC AND CANADA. Secondary 4. Based off of Reflections textbook by Chenelière

Transcription

1 HISTORY OF QUEBEC AND CANADA Secondary 4 Based off of Reflections textbook by Chenelière

2 GOOD MORNING! HERE S WHAT WE LL BE DOING TODAY Recap of the past few lessons (5 mins) Presentation of new material (20 mins) Work on activity sheet (10 mins) Pair and share work with a neighbour (5 mins) Group review of activity sheet (5 mins) Question and answer (2 mins) Announcements (2 mins)

3 MIGRATION (P.68,69)

4 WHEN YOU HEAR THE WORD MIGRATION, WHAT DO YOU THINK OF?

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6 RURAL EXODUS Industrialization led to the displacement of the population from the countryside to the cities. Expanding industries required abundant labour. The factories were concentrated in large cities, therefore more and more people left the countryside hoping to find work in the city = rural exodus

7 URBANIZATION Even thought the population remained predominantly rural in this period, the population of the cities continued to grow. This is how industrialization led to urbanization.

8 ST. LAURENT AND STE. CATHERINE McCord Museum Google maps

9 LIVING CONDITIONS IN WORKING- CLASS NEIGHBOURHOODS Industrialization had an impact on the organization of society and the territory. Working-class neighbourhoods were located close to factories = poor living conditions Coal, the most widely used fuel for heating and to power machines, polluted the air in these neighbourhoods Outdoor toilets and open sewers led to the spread of contagious diseases All this equalled a high mortality rate

10 POINTE ST CHARLES (1896) McCord Museum

11 EPIDEMIC In 1885, a serious smallpox epidemic led to 3000 deaths in Montreal In response, the government created the Provincial Board of Health which adopted the Public Health Act in The responsibility of the board was to examine the causes of the epidemic and find ways to prevent future outbreaks. The effects of Smallpox

12 EMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES The rural exodus that marked the second half of the 19 th century was not only towards Canadian cities, but towards American industrial centers as well. The overpopulation of the farmland in the St. Laurence Valley led many farmers to join the French Canadian workers who were heading to the United States in large numbers They were attracted to the thriving cities of the Northeastern United States. Between 1850 and 1890, over French Canadians settled in the United States, particularly in Vermont, Massachusetts and Maine.

13 EMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES French Canadian family in Massachusetts. Family of Adrienne Pagnette, 1911

14 EMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES Manville-Jenks mill, Manville, R.I.

15 EMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES

16 OPENING UP OF REGIONS FOR COLONIZATION The Quebec Government and Catholic clergy viewed French Canadian emigration negatively They worried that French Canadian population would become more and more of a minority with Canada In response, they worked together to introduce agricultural colonization programs in certain regions of Quebec: Saguenay, Lac-Saint Jean, the Laurentides and the Outaouais The government and clergy believed that this would solve the unemployment problem and stop people from leaving. This colonization negatively effected the Indigenous nations in those territories

17 TRANSATLANTIC IMMIGRATION Immigration to Canada from the United Kingdom intensified in the 1840s The Great Famine that ravaged Ireland in 1845 prompted hundreds of thousands of Irish people to leave their country and settle in British North American colonies After the creation of the Dominion in 1867, the federal government wanted to populate the country and encourage immigration In the last decades of the 19 th century, 1.5 million immigrants settled in the dominion. Mostly from Britain, but also from Northern Europe and the United States. Despite this immigration, Canada s net migration was still negative. More people were leaving than coming.

18 TRANSATLANTIC IMMIGRATION