Why was the Bank of England important during the Industrial Revolution?

Transcription

1 Why was the Bank of England important during the Industrial Revolution? 1

2 It allowed for the people of England to take out loans or get credit for various financial transactions 2

3 What Enlightenment economic philosopher would be happy with the way the English government conducted its laissez-faire policies during the Industrial Revolution? 3

4 Adam Smith 4

5 During the Agricultural Revolution the beginning of the cottage industry, how did commercial farmers and early manufacturers get their goods to market in England? 5

6 Transported goods through a network of canals and roads 6

7 Thomas Malthus theory certainly seemed viable in describing preindustrial Europe. What did his theory say in relation to population and the economy? 7

8 The population would continue to stagnate since there wasn t enough food to feed them and the economy would never be able to sustain economic growth because of the fluctuations in the population 8

9 How did the cottage industry transform the traditional way of doing business? 9

10 The cottage industry offered a cheaper alternative to production than what the guild system was offering resulting in the weakening and eventual disappearance of the guild system 10

11 Give an example of how the cottage industry would grow and employ more people in the village as business grew. 11

12 As more cotton bales were brought out to the cottage, the family would hire local women to help spin the thread to quicken the system and avoid delays in the process before the man would weave the material into cloth 12

13 Explain the Consumer Revolution 13

14 As people began to gain a disposable income (especially the middle class/bourgeoisie) they began to demand more manufactured goods creating more factories that would ship products to the department stores in the cities 14

15 What was the main problem of many of the social reformers in the 19 th century who wanted to help in the slums? 15

16 They didn t offer to help economically or politically, but thought that the working class needed moral help to fix their problems 16

17 Give an example of how the lower class in England was affected by the Industrial Revolution 17

18 They lived in polluted conditions, worked for very little for long hours, some were unemployed, lives were regimented by the factory schedule18

19 Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for smallpox, what was typically injected into the patient to stop the spread of smallpox? 19

20 Cowpox 20

21 What did the Chartists want? 21

22 Universal male suffrage hoping to bring about a political democracy where the working class would have the right to vote and influence politics for their own well-being 22

23 Why were the Chartists demands so slow to be met? 23

24 Because the Chartists used the legal, constitutional way of going about reform and it was going to take time to get things done. The English Parliament rejected their demands several times. Chartists started in 1836 and universal male suffrage wasn t granted in England until

25 When Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto they claimed that they could scientifically prove that Communism would take the place of Capitalism. Through his research, he believed that history can be explained as a history of 25

26 Class struggles 26

27 What was the purpose of writing the Communist Manifesto? 27

28 To state the purpose of the Communist League and get rid of all the rumors surrounding its existence 28

29 Explain how a communist revolution would occur, according to Marx 29

30 The proletariats (working class) would one day rise up against the bourgeoisie (middle class and owners of the factories) and a violent revolution would ensue that would bring about a classless society 30

31 What was the purpose of the Crystal Palace? 31

32 As part of the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London the Crystal Palace existed as a showcase of Britain s wealth, industrial advancements, and imperial holdings throughout the world 32

33 During the Industrial Revolution, what was the movement called that wanted to destroy all of the new technology? 33

34 Luddite movement 34

35 Why was the water supply dangerous to drink in England during the 19 th century? 35

36 The pollution in the water (industrial waste, human waste, etc.) caused major bacteria growth in the water leading to illnesses, specifically cholera 36

37 Why are Jenner, Lister, and Pasteur so important in history? 37

38 Their discoveries helped prevent infectious diseases 38

39 Why did large landowners and scientists want to enclose farmlands? 39

40 So they could protect their property and start experimenting with different farming techniques. 40

41 Explain Edwin Chadwick 41

42 A social reformer who called for cleaner cities with sewers to prevent disease from spreading 42

43 Explain the iron law of wages. 43

44 Workers would always receive subsistence wages because of overpopulation in the world 44

45 How did Isaac Newton view the universe? 45

46 He believed it operated as a machine, like a clock 46

47 Between 1800 and 1870, which country was the industrial leader of the world? 47

48 Great Britain 48

49 How did the large landowners usually get their way when trying to force the enclosure of the fields on the small farmers? 49

50 Politicians in government would pass laws that required enclosure 50

51 What social class was the most prominent among the new industrial entrepreneurs during the Industrial Revolution? 51

52 The bourgeosie or middle-class 52

53 The early factories in England were mainly part of what industry? 53

54 Textile 54

55 Who invented the seed drill? 55

56 Jethro Tull 56

57 During the French Revolution, what sparked the women to march out to the Palace of Versailles? 57

58 Food shortages at the markets 58

59 What social group benefited the most from the enclosure movement? 59

60 The aristocracy or large landowners 60

61 In response to France s levee en masse during the French Revolution, how did the other major countries in Europe respond? 61

62 They implement the draft (conscription) to help build larger armies 62

63 Give three reasons why the death rate was so high during the 17 th century? 63

64 Disease, famine, and war 64

65 Why was the industrial revolution so slow take root in the Continental countries prior to 1815? 65

66 French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars 66

67 What events served as the catalyst in promoting literacy among the common people between 1500 and 1800? 67

68 The Protestant and Catholic Reformations 68