Elimination of the Court Challenges Program

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1 METRO TORONTO CHINESE & SOUTHEAST ASIAN LEGAL CLINIC Trung Tâm Hướng Dẩn Luật Pháp Hoa-Việt-Khmer-Lào 法律援助中心服務華人及東南亞社區 NEWSLETTER - 會訊 - Thông tin hội viên ISSUE 1 JANUARY 2007 Elimination of the Court Challenges Program On September 25, 2006, the Federal Government announced that it was going to cut funding to a number of programs. They include the programs at the Department of Status of Women, as well as adult literacy program. One of the programs being put on the chopping board by the Government is the Court Challenges Program. The Court Challenges Program was initially established in 1979 to fund linguistic minority groups to bring cases forward to advance their rights. Since then, the mandate of the Program has been expanded to provide funding to Canadians who believe that their equality rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms have been violated because of certain laws and policies set up by the Federal Government. Since the 1980 s, the Program has funded many important equality rights cases for disadvantaged communities in Canada. It has supported immigrants, refugees, racialized communities, women, people with disability, and other vulnerable members of our society in their struggle for equality. Many groups have benefited from the Program including our Clinic. For instance, we received funding from the Court Challenges Program to challenge a provision under the previous immigration law which required women who were sponsored to Canada as fiancés to marry their sponsors within 90 days of their arrival in Canada, or face deportation. Many women were forced to stay in abusive relationship because of this provision. The funding from the Program allowed us to challenge this provision. Partly as a result of our challenge, the Government of Canada removed this provision from the new Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. The well known class action law suit filed by the 93-year-old head tax METRO TORONTO CHINESE & SOUTHEAST ASIAN LEGAL CLINIC 180 Dundas Street West, Suite 1701, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8 Telephone: (416) Fax: (416) CLINIC STAFF: 中心職員 nhân viên cûa trung tâm Clinic Director: Avvy Go Staff Lawyer: Joanne Lau Articling Student: Veronica Cham Community Legal Worker: Jenny Quan Daniel Yau Office Manager: Tu Diep

2 NEWSLETTER - 會訊 - Thông tin hội viên 2 DETAILS OF SERVICE Our hours of operation are: Monday: Tuesday: Wednesday: Thursday: Friday: 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. noon to 7 p.m. 1 to 5 p.m. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Our method of service is first by telephone. If you have a legal problem or question, please call the Clinic first to speak to an intake worker. An appointment will be made for you to come in by the intake worker if necessary. We will see clients who come to the Clinic without an appointment only on Wednesday afternoons between 1 to 4 p.m. on a first come first serve basis. We provide service in Cantonese, Mandarin and Vietnamese and to those who live in the Greater Toronto area. All of our services are free of charge. payer, Mr. Shack Jang Mack, against the Canadian Government for its failure to redress the Chinese Head Tax and Exclusion Act issue, was also funded by the Court Challenges Program. While the law suit was dismissed by the Courts, it helped increase public awareness and support for the redress campaign. Without the Program, ordinary Canadians like Mr. Mack would never be able to afford to sue the Government in order to enforce their constitutional rights. The Program therefore plays a key role in making the Government accountable for their action, and forcing the Government to honour and respect the rights of all Canadians. The Government of Canada, in its own propaganda, particularly when it is appearing before the various UN treaty bodies, often uses the Court Challenges Program as an example to demonstrate how advanced our human rights protection system is, and how committed that Canada is to such fundamental principles and values as enshrined in our Charter. The Harper Government also campaigned on a promise to make the Government more accountable to Canadians. The Government said it is cutting the Program to help Canadian families save money. But we now have a surplus of 13 billion dollar. The annual budget for the Program is only less than $3 million. The Government cannot save much from such a small program. The money that the Government spent on many law suits are manifolds the entire budget for the Program. For all these reasons, it is therefore wrong for the Government to eliminate the one program that can make the Government accountable while at the same time ensuring that the rights of all Canadians are being respected. Efforts are underway by many concerned Canadians to reinstate the Court Challenges Program. We encourage all Canadians to let the Government know that they support the Court Challenges Program. You can lend us your support by phoning your local Member of Parliament and by signing on to the following letter and mail it to the Prime Minister. No postage is required! HUMANITARIAN AND COMPASSIONATE APPLICATIONS Immigration is one of the areas of law which our Clinic is mandated to assist clients with. Many clients contact our Clinic to ask us how they or their family members can apply to stay permanently in Canada. In order to fully understand the answer to this question, the overall framework of the Canadian immigration system must be understood. The general rule for immigrating to Canada is that you must apply for permanent residence status prior to arriving in Canada through a Canadian visa office abroad in one of the designated categories such as family class or skilled worker. However, there are exceptions to this rule. One of the exceptions is the humanitarian and compassionate (H&C) application. What this means is that the Immigration department can allow a person to stay in Canada to apply for permanent resident status because of the humanitarian and compassionate grounds of their case even though that person may not qualify under any other immigration category. Basis of Humanitarian and Compassionate Application Applicants have to satisfy Canada Immigration that their

3 NEWSLETTER - 會訊 - Thông tin hội viên 3 personal circumstances are such that they would face unusual, undeserved and disproportionate hardship if forced to obtain a permanent resident visa from outside of Canada. How this hardship is proven is up to the applicants. H&C applications are more complex and more subjective than most other immigration applications because the immigration officer is given discretion to weigh all of the facts of the case in arriving at the decision. H&C applications are considered in a two part assessment. The first part is to determine whether the facts of the case warrant granting an exemption from the regular Immigration rules and allowing the applicant to apply for landing from within Canada. The second part is to determine whether the applicant meets the criminal, security and medical requirements which all permanent resident applicants must meet before being allowed to immigrate to Canada. If there is a positive first part decision, the applicant will be eligible to apply for a work permit and or student permit while they wait to be landed. However, just making an H&C application does not freeze or stop any removal action which Canada Immigration may take against you because you have no status in Canada. Canada Immigration can still remove you from Canada even though your H&C application has not been decided. If Canada Immigration is seeking to remove you from Canada while your H&C application is pending, you should contact a legal clinic or immigration lawyer as soon as possible. Case Examples In order to better understand how H&C applications work, three examples have been included below which summarize the most common fact situations where an H&C application would be made. 1. An unsuccessful refugee claimant in Canada who has been in Canada for many years and may have established himself in Canada during this time through his work, community involvement and schooling. This refugee claimant would not be able to apply from abroad because of lack of identity and travel documents to return to his home country and so must apply inland. In this case, the immigration officer when making a decision would look at factors such as : Length of time in Canada (the longer the better) Whether prolonged inability to leave Canada has lead to establishment Whether inability to leave Canada was beyond applicant s control Is there a stable employment history Has the applicant upgraded language or job skills in Canada by taking courses Integration into community through involvement with community organizations and volunteer work Any family members in Canada Whether applicant has been upstanding citizen during time in Canada (i.e. no criminal record) Whether applicant is financially established in Canada 2. A person who was married to her spouse who was sponsoring her but because of domestic violence, she and her children had to flee from the marriage. If her sponsor/spouse subsequently cancels the sponsorship, she must apply to remain in Canada based on humanitarian and compassionate grounds. It is important to note that Immigration will not cancel the undertaking even if the sponsor wants to cancel it if the request to cancel was made after a positive H&C decision (the first part assessment) In this case, the immigration officer would look at, in addition to the factors listed in the first example : Details of the domestic violence Best interests of the children this is a very important factor given that the Immigration law specifically states that the best interests of the children are to be considered in any H&C application. Thus, the age of the children, the level of dependency between the applicant and children, the degree of the children s establishment in Canada, medical or special needs of the children, the impact on the children s education and the children s links to their home country all have to be considered.

4 NEWSLETTER - 會訊 - Thông tin hội viên 4 3. An elderly widow comes to Canada to visit her daughter and grandchildren here. The plane ride home is over 15 hours. Shortly after her arrival, her daughter falls ill and needs the applicant to help her look after the grandchildren. In this case, the immigration officer would look at: Whether the daughter has submitted a sponsorship for her mother an H&C application is stronger if accompanied by a sponsorship from an eligible member of the family class Proof of relationship Hardship daughter and grandchildren would suffer if applicant forced to leave Canada Level of interdependency Reasons applicant cannot return to home country Support available to applicant in home country Whether applicant is able to work Applicant s establishment in Canada Application Procedure An H&C application is started by obtaining an application kit from Canada Immigration. This kit can be downloaded from their website or obtained by calling When completing the kit, it is important to remember to do the best job possible because with most H&C applications now, a personal interview is not granted and the decision is based on the application and supporting documentation. In the kit there is a supplementary form (IMM 5283) which asks the reasons for seeking exceptional consideration. This form should be filled out carefully and in great detail and should be reviewed by an experienced immigration lawyer or a community legal clinic if possible since the information on this form is the basis of the claim. Canada Immigration keeps a computer record of every H&C an applicant makes and so it is important to remember that an application should only be made if you think you have a strong case. For example, if you have only been in Canada for a short time, perhaps it might be better to wait until you have been in Canada for a longer period of time before applying to allow more time to establish yourself in Canada. Make sure any family members who are eligible to submit a sponsorship complete a sponsorship application to accompany the H&C application. The spouse or common-law partner of Canadian citizens or permanent residents who have valid temporary status in Canada no longer need to apply for landing through an H&C application because Canada Immigration has created a special class for these applicants. They and any dependent children can apply for landing through the Spouse or Common-Law Partner in Canada class. The completed application kits along with $550 appplication fee is to be forwarded to Canada Immigration s Case Processing Centre in Vegreville, Alberta. That office will screen the cases and send out a letter to each applicant acknowledging receipt of their application. The more complicated cases will most likely be forwarded to the Canada Immigration centre closest to where the applicant lives because additional information or an interview might be required. Once a decision is made on the H&C application (first part assessment), a letter will be sent out to the applicant. If the decision is positive, the letter will indicate that the second part assessment still has to be completed and that the case should be completed between months. During this time, Canada Immigration may do security and medical check updates. Once you are ready to be landed, you will be called in to a landing interview with Canada Immigration to finalize your case. RETAINING YOUR PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS After you become a permanent resident, you must stay in Canada for a certain amount of time in order to retain your permanent resident status. The general rule is that you must have 730 days of residence in Canada within any five year period. This means, at any time when you enter Canada after a period of absence, the port-of

5 NEWSLETTER - 會訊 - Thông tin hội viên 5 entry immigration officer could ask you about your absences from Canada in the past five years. If you have been a permanent resident for less than five years, the port-of-entry officer could tell you how many days you need to remain in Canada in the coming years in order to retain your status. For example, if you became a permanent resident in 2003 and left Canada returning in 2006, upon re-entry, the port-of-entry officer may caution you that you need to accumulate 2 years of residence in Canada in the next two years in order to retain your status. Other than actual physical presence in Canada, time spent outside of Canada under the following circumstances can also be counted as residence : 1. accompanying a Canadian citizen spouse, common-law partner or child or ; 2. employed on a full-time basis by a Canadian business or in the public service of Canada or of a province or ; 3. accompanying a permanent resident spouse or common-law partner and who is employed on a full-time basis by a Canadian business or in the public service of Canada or of a province. Keeping this in mind, a person re-entering Canada after a period of absence should do their own calculation in order to be prepared to avoid problems at the port-of-entry upon re-entry. If you discover after self-calculation, that you have the 730 days of residence because of one of above listed reasons, you should bring proof with you when you re-enter Canada such as a job letter from you or your spouse s employer company which clearly indicates it is a Canadian business and job details What happens if you do not meet the residency requirement? If you have not amassed 730 days of residency in the past 5 years, the immigration officer will allow you the opportunity to prove why you were not able to comply and what hardship losing your permanent resident status will have on you and your family. At the port-of-entry, you will be told if there is a problem. You should be allowed to enter Canada while Canada Immigration examines your case in detail. 辦工時間 : 本中心服務資料 星期一 : 九時至五時 星期二 : 中午十二時至晚上七時 星期三 : 下午一時至五時 星期四, 五 : 九時至五時 如果閣下需要查詢法律問題, 請先致電到本中心與職員電話咨詢 若有必要, 我們會約閣下面談 逢星期三下午一時至四時為接見日, 毋須預約, 根據先到先得服務為原則 我們用廣東話, 普通話及越南語為居住在大多市的低收入居民提供服務 所有服務不收費用 政府取消法院挑戰計劃 2006 年 9 月 25 日, 聯邦政府宣布停止撥款下列服務, 包括婦女事務部及成人基本教育的服務計劃 其中一項被政府取消的便是法院挑戰計劃 這項服務成立於 1979 年, 最初的目的是撥款資助語言上的少數族裔在法院爭取保障他們的權利 後來, 將宗旨擴寬至因聯邦政府法律, 措施 ; 而違犯了加拿大在自由及權利憲章下的平等權利 自八十年代, 已撥款資助多項重要的, 由弱勢社群提出的平等權利法院訴訟個案 就移民, 難民, 族裔社群, 婦女, 殘疾及其他弱勢社群的平權爭取, 都得到這項計劃的支持 本中心也得到這計劃的撥款 之前的移民法, 規定被擔保的未婚配偶, 要在抵達加拿大 90 天內與擔保人結婚, 否則便面對離境 由於這規定, 很多婦女被迫生

6 NEWSLETTER - 會訊 - Thông tin hội viên 6 活在被虐待的關係 中心得到計劃撥款資助, 就規定向法院提出訴訟 政府後來在新的移民法取消這規定, 部份是由於這次訴訟的結果 一個很多人都知道的人頭稅集體訴訟, 由 93 歲人頭稅付款人麥先生的名義向政府提出的訴訟, 也是得到法院挑戰計劃的支持 需然訴訟後來被法院撤銷, 但增強了社會對平反運動的了解及支持 沒有這項計劃, 一位普通的公民如麥先生, 又怎能夠付擔訴訟的費用, 去爭取他們在憲法上應有的權利 因此, 這項計劃對政府的問責, 釐行與尊重加拿大人的權利, 有關鍵的作用 加國政府對外宣傳時, 由其在聯合國不同委員會上, 都會用上法院挑戰計劃為例子, 顯示加國在人權保障如何先進, 如何承擔憲法上的原則和價值觀 執政的保守黨政府也曾答應加強政府向人民問責 政府公報削減撥款是為了省錢 但今年我們有 130 億元盈餘 這項計劃一年的經費都不足 300 萬元 可為政府省下的錢只是很少的數目 政府在很多訴訟案件的支出, 都會超過整個計劃的經費 從這些理由來看, 政府取消這項加強問責, 及尊重加人權利的計劃是一項錯誤 很多人都努力向政府爭取保留法院挑戰計劃 我們鼓勵大家向政府表達, 支持法院挑戰計劃 可致電你的國會議員, 或簽署附上請願信, 寄交總理 不需要貼上郵費 人道理由移民申請 移民法律是中心的服務範圍 很多人都向中心查詢申請家人移民來加拿大 明白加拿大移民法律的基本原則, 就會比較容易明白這些問題的答案 原則上, 你先要在海外的加拿大簽證處申請到移民身份, 如家庭成員或技術移民類別, 才來加拿大 但是, 亦有一些例外的情況 其中一种例外就是人道理由的移民申請 移民部準許申請人以人道理由作移民申請需然他不符合其他的移民類別 人道理由移民申請的基礎 申請人要得到移民部接受由於個人的特殊情況, 如果要他在加拿大境外申請移民簽證, 將令他面對極不尋常, 不應受到的及苛刻的困苦, 如何證明這些困苦是申請人提出 比較其他類別的移民申請, 人道理由申請會較複雜及主觀因素, 因為移民部會有更大的酎情權去衡量所有的事實才作出裁決 申請分二部份 第一部份的決定就是申請個案中的事實, 能否足以特殊情況批准申請人不用既定移民程序, 容許他在境內進行申請 第二部份的決定就是申請人能否通過移民申請的刑事, 安全和健康規定 如果通過第一部份的決定, 申請人便可在等候移民核准前申請工作或學生簽證 但是, 提出人道理由移民申請, 並不能停止因為沒有合法身份而被移民部採取的行動 需然你的人道申請還未有決定, 移民部可令你離境 如果是這樣, 你應與移民律師或法律援助中心聯絡 以下, 我們用三個比較常見的例子, 讓大家更清楚人道移民申請 1. 一位被拒難民在加拿大已居住了很多年, 透過工作, 參加社區, 學校進修已建立他在加拿大的生活 這位被拒難民由於沒有身份證明和旅遊證件, 不能於原居地申請而只能在境內申請 移民部在裁決這個案時會考慮下列因素 : 居住加拿大的時間 ( 愈長愈好 ) 因長期不能離開加拿大導至建立在加拿大的生活

7 NEWSLETTER - 會訊 - Thông tin hội viên 7 不能離開加拿大並非申請人能控制 申請人在原居地的依靠 穩定就業 ( 穩定收入 ) 在加拿大進修增強語言和工作技能 英語法語能力 通過社會, 宗教, 義工團體參與社會申請程序 加拿大親屬 良好公民紀錄 ( 無犯罪紀錄 ) 在加拿大的財政能力 ( 如銀行儲蓄, 退休基金 ) 2. 一位未有合法居留身份的婦女與擔保人結婚, 由於家庭暴力問題, 與子女離開了這個婚姻 擔保人於第一部份還未有決定前取消她的人道理由移民申請中的擔保部份 假如第一部份已通過, 有肯定的人道裁決, 移民部便不會接受取消擔保協議的申請 在這個個案, 除以上列出因素外, 還會考慮 : 家庭暴力的情況 子女的利益考慮 - 這是十分重要考慮, 因法律註明在人道申請要顧及子女的利益考慮 所以, 子女年齡, 申請人與子女的互相依附程度, 子女在加拿大生活建立的程度, 醫療及健康上的特別照顧, 學校教育影響及子女與原居國家的聯繫都會被考慮 3. 一位年老寡婦來加拿大探望女兒及子孫 飛機航程時間 15 小時以上 來到了之後, 女兒患病需要她幫忙照顧子孫, 因丈夫工作維持生計 這個案移民部會考慮 : 申請人能否工作 申請人建立起在加拿大的生活 人道理由移民申請需用移民部之申請表格 表格可從 下載或致電 索取 謹記將申請表格填寫得最妥當, 因現時很多申請的裁決, 是基於申請及支持文件, 並不一定會有面談機會 因此, 所有能支持建立在加拿大生活的文件例如, 僱主信, 報稅表, 銀行戶口, 退休基金帳單, 有關照片, 學校進修, 證書, 義務工作證明書信, 及其他家屬, 朋友和社區的支持信都應全部包括在申請表內 申請表內有一份 (IMM5283) 表格, 填上提出申請的特別原因 要特別細心及詳盡填寫, 最好得到移民律師或法律援助中心的意見, 因為這內容就是申請的主要基礎 合符資格做擔保的家屬都最好在人道申請內加入擔保申請, 因為擔保會使人道申請更有力 現時, 加拿大公民, 永久居民的配偶或同居配偶可以在境內進行移民申請 ; 因為移民部已訂立這項申請類別處理申請人及其依賴子女的申請 將填妥表格及 $550 申請費寄到 Vegreville, Alberta 的處理中心 他們會進行審查及回信申請人確實收到申請 複雜的個案可能送到申請人居住地區的移民部處理, 因為可能需要進一步的資料或面談 女兒有沒有提出擔保母親的申請 - 得到家人擔保的人道申請會有較大機會 證明雙方關係 如申請人被逼離開加拿大, 女兒及孫兒面對的困苦 互相依賴程度 申請人未能回居地原因 人道申請第一部份有了裁決, 便會用信通知申請人 如通過了, 便會說明還要進行第二部份, 約需時 月 期間, 移民部會進行刑事安全及健康審查 確實移民批准時, 移民部會以面談與你完結整個個案

8 NEWSLETTER - 會訊 - Thông tin hội viên 8 保留永久居民身份 當你得到永久居民身份, 要符合在加拿大的居留時間才可以保留你的永久居民身份 基本規定就是在任何五年期間要在加拿大居留 730 天 因此, 當你離開了加拿大, 然後入境回來, 海關移民部官員會向你查詢過往五年的離境時間 如你成為永久居民的時間不足五年, 海關官員可告訴你, 來年需要在加拿大居留的曰數, 以保持身份 例如, 你於 2003 年取得永久居民身份, 然後回國 2006 年回加拿大, 海關官員可能會提醒你要在隨後兩年累積兩年加拿大居留時間, 才可保留身份 除實際居留在加拿大時間外, 在下列情況下於加拿大以外的時間也可作為居留計算 : 1. 陪同有加拿大公民身份的配偶, 同居配偶或子女 2. 全職受僱於加拿大企業或公務員 3. 陪同有永久居民身份的配偶, 同居配偶, 他是全職受僱於加拿大企業或公務員 離開加拿大一段時間, 回加前便要自己計算好居留時間, 避免入境麻煩 如果你的 730 天居留時間包括上列情況, 你要帶同證明文件, 例如你或配偶的僱主信, 信內詳細指明是加拿大企業及工作內容 如果你沒有足夠的居留時間? 如果在過往五年內不能累積到 730 曰的居留, 你可以向海關移民部官員解釋原因, 及取消身份對你及家人帶來的困苦 假如有問題, 海關會對你說明 你應能獲准入境, 然後移民部詳細研究你的個案 你有重要理由離開加拿大, 並非由你所能控制 ( 例如 : 照顧病患父母 ) 需然居住加拿大以外, 你仍維持聯繫及以加拿大作為你的家 如取消你的永久居民身份, 你和家人會面對不應受到和苛刻的困苦 當移民部用人道理由審查你的個案時, 他們會看 : 離開加拿大是否有很大和不能控制的理由或情況 曾否被阻止回到加拿大 是否第一時間便回來加拿大 當離開加拿大時, 你是兒童與父母一起, 現在是最快回來的時間 需然沒有居留, 已建立起加拿大的生活和保持聯繫 非居留在加拿大是由於自己或家人的醫療情況 在照顧家人方面是否可作其他安排, 你是否有其他選擇 如果取消你的永久居民身份, 你和家人特別是子女, 將會面對的困苦 如果審查結果是不能通過居留規定, 便對你發離境令 你有權向移民上訴局 IAD 提出上訴 I AD 會進行聆訊, 決定個案是否有司法錯誤, 或有足夠人道理由, 包括子女的利益, 足以准許你保留永久居民身份 如你未能符合居留要求, 可能於下次回加拿大有問題, 最好先找經驗好的移民律師或法律援助中心查詢, 避免非必要的難題 就這個案審查, 很重要的就是提出所有證據及資料, 作為確立 :

9 NEWSLETTER - 會訊 - Thông tin hội viên 9 Gi làm viœc: ThÙ hai: 9 gi sáng Ç n 5 gi chišu ThÙ ba: 12 gi trüa Ç n 7 gi tói ThÙ tü: 1 gi Ç n 5 gi chišu ThÙ næm: 9 gi sáng Ç n 5 gi chišu ThÙ sáu: 9 gi sáng Ç n 5 gi chišu Xin quí vî vui lòng g i ÇiŒn thoåi ( ) Ç ti p xúc v i nhân viên vš vãn ÇŠ cûa quí vî, chúng tôi së cho hën n u càn ho c Ç n x p hàng theo thù t vào chišu thù tü không càn hën. Chúng tôi cung cãp phøc vø pháp lš cho các thân chû cü ngø tåi Toronto có mùc l i tùc thãp. Nhân viên chúng tôi nói ti ng Quäng, Quan Thoåi và ViŒt. TÃt cä phøc vø cûa chúng tôi ÇŠu miín phí. c t giäm tài tr cho chüöng trình KiŒn tøng thách thùc luæt pháp Vào ngày 25 tháng 9, 2006, chính phû liên bang Çã quy t ÇÎnh c t giäm tài tr cho m t só chüöng trình nhü các hoåt Ç ng cûa (Department of Status of Women) B S Vø Phø N» và các chüöng trình dåy ngü i l n Ç c. ChÜÖng Trình tài tr kiœn tøng thách thùc luæt pháp së là m t trong các møc bî c t tài tr. ChÜÖng Trình tài tr kiœn tøng thách thùc luæt pháp ÇÜ c thành læp næm 1979 nh m møc Çích giúp cho các s c t c tranh giành quyšn l i cûa h, tø Çó nó ÇÜ c n i r ng ra Ç tãt cä công dân Canada có quyšn thách thùc nh»ng luæt lœ chính phû Ç t ra mà vi phåm hi n chüöng nhân quyšn. TØ næm 1980, chüöng trình này Çã tài tr nhišu vãn ÇŠ quan tr ng và giúp cho các c ng ÇÒng thi u só, khác s c t c, di dân và tî nån Ç tranh giành quyšn bình Ç ng cûa h trên luæt pháp. Có nhišu nhóm và h i Çoàn Çã nh Çó mà giành ÇÜ c quyšn công b ng, trong Çó có Trung tâm chúng tôi, chúng tôi tøng ÇÜ c chüöng trình này tài tr Ç thách thùc s bãt công trong luæt di trú cû Çã Çòi hõi nh»ng phø n» ÇÜ c bäo länh bªi vî hôn phu cûa mình n u không ÇÜ c ngü i bäo länh k t hôn v i h trong vòng 90 ngày sau khi nhæp cánh thì së bî trä vš nü c. NhiŠu ngü i Çã phäi chîu ngü c Çäi và båo hành trong gia Çình Ç ÇÜ c ª låi. Chính phû Çã hûy bõ luæt này sau khi bî kiœn vi phåm hi n chüöng nhân quyšn. M t trong nh»ng hò sö n i bæt do ông Shack Jang Mark, 93 tu i Çã ÇÙng ra Çåi diœn cho nh»ng nån nhân thu ÇÀu ngü i Çã ÇÜ c chüöng trình này tài tr kiœn chính phû nhüng tòa Çã bác hò sö nhüng vãn ÇŠ này làm công chúng hi u thêm vš cu c væn Ç ng bình phän Thu ñàu NgÜ i. N u không có s tài tr này, nh»ng ngü i thü ng dân nhü ông Mack së không bao gi có khä næng kiœn tøng Ç giành quyšn l i cûa mình. ChÜÖng trình này có vai trò rãt quan tr ng Ç Çòi hõi chính phû phäi gánh trách nhiœm và sºa sai và tôn tr ng nh»ng quyšn l i cûa công dân mình. Chính phû Canada Çã tuyên truyšn chüöng trình này trü c Liên HiŒp QuÓc và cho nó là m t công cø hºu hiœu Ç bäo Çäm nhân quyšn và chính phû së tôn tr ng qui t c cö bän này trong hi n chüöng Canada Thû TÜ ng Harper Çã hùa là chính phû së chîu trách nhiœm v i công dân Canada trong khi væn Ç ng tranh cº, nhüng låi c t giäm tài tr cho nh»ng chüöng trình này v i lš do là ti t kiœm ngân qu. T ng só tišn kinh phí cûa các chüöng trình này là 3 triœu và ngân sách có th ng dü Ç n 13 triœu, s c t giäm này së không mang låi ti t kiœm Çáng k. Trái låi, trong vài trü ng h p thì chính phû låi bõ ra ngân sách l n hön t ng só tišn tài tr cho nh»ng chüöng trình này trong các vø kiœn tøng cûa chính phû. Do Çó, quy t ÇÎnh c t giäm tài tr cho ChÜÖng Trình KiŒn Tøng thách thùc LuÆt Pháp là m t quy t ÇÎnh sai làm, làm nhü væy thì dân thü ng së không có cách nào Ç thách thùc luæt pháp n u luæt này vi phåm hi n

10 NEWSLETTER - 會訊 - Thông tin h I viên 10 chüöng nhân quyšn và không có phüöng pháp Ç giám sát chính phû sºa sai. Chúng ta phäi tìm cách Ç duy trì nhºng chüöng trình quan tr ng này. Hãy lên ti ng phän ÇÓi chính phû c t giäm tài tr và ûng h chüöng trình này. Bån có th goî cho Dân Bi u trong khu bån ª Ç phát bi u š ki n và kš tên vào thü Çính kèm Ç gºi cho Thû TÜ ng phän Ç i s c t giäm này. ThÜ gºi này không càn büu phí, bån chì càn kš tên, dán và bõ vào thùng thü. Xin Di Trú Theo DiŒn Nhân ñåo VÃn ÇŠ di trú n m trong møc phøc vø cûa trung tâm chúng tôi, có rãt nhišu thân chû g i cho chúng tôi hõi vš vãn ÇŠ di trú. Hi u ÇÜ c các cö bän vš luæt di trú së giúp bån giäi Çáp m t só th c m c trong vãn ÇŠ này. Trên nguyên t c, thû tøc xin di trú thông thü ng phäi xin ª nü c ngoài, khi ÇÜ c cãp giãy di trú thì m i có th Ç n ÇÎnh cü tåi Canada. Trong Ça só các loåi xin di trú nhü bäo lãnh thân nhân, xin theo diœn k næng cá nhân cûng væy, ngü i nhæp cänh phäi xin di trú ª nguyên quán và nhæp cänh khi cãp giãy di trú, nhüng chì có trü ng h p ngoåi lœ cho nh»ng ngü i xin di trú theo diœn nhân Çåo cho nh»ng trü ng h p Ç c biœt không h i Çû ÇiŠu kiœn trong nh»ng diœn xin di trú thông thü ng. Nh»ng ÇiŠu kiœn cö bän xin di trú theo diœn nhân Çåo Cøc Di Trú së xét duyœt tøng hò sö cá nhân Ç xem có nh»ng dº kiœn chùng minh ngü i này có nh»ng vãn ÇŠ Ç c biœt Ç xin di trú và n u phäi vš nguyên quán xin di trú së g p có nh»ng thº thách gay go. NgÜ i xin phäi chùng minh và thuy t phøc B Di Trú vš nh»ng dº kiœn mình nêu ra. So v i các diœn di trú khác, thì diœn nhân Çåo phùc tåp hön nhišu và tùy vào quy t ÇÎnh chû quan cûa nhân viên xét ÇÖn. Nhân viên cûa b di trú có toàn quyšn tùy š xét duyœt nh»ng d» kiœn trong hò sö Ç t quy t ÇÎnh mà không phäi theo m t tiêu chuän nào. Quá trình xét ÇÖn xin nhân Çåo chia làm 2 phàn. phàn thù nhãt phäi xem hò sö này có h i Çû lš do Ç c biœt Ç ÇÜ c chãp nhæn cho thü ng trú và ÇÜ c cãp Ç c quyšn cho hò sö này ÇÜ c ti n trình thû tøc xin di trú trong quóc n i mà không càn ngü i ÇÙng ÇÖn phäi trª vš nguyên quán Ç xin di trú. PhÀn thù nhì Çòi hõi ngü i xin ÇÖn phäi h i Çû ÇiŠu kiœn sùc khõe và không có k løc phåm t i. N u ÇÖn ÇÜ c chãp nhæn ª giai Çoån phàn thù nhãt, thì ngü i xin së ÇÜ c cãp giãy cho làm viœc tåm th i ho c visa h c sinh Ç ch k t quä khám sùc khoè và k løc phåm t i. Bån nên bi t r ng, n p ÇÖn xin nhân Çåo và Çang ch quy t ÇÎnh së không phäi là lš do xin hoän låi quy t ÇÎnh trøc xuãt cûa B Di trú, lœnh trøc xuãt së ÇÜ c ti n hành nhü thü ng lœ. N u bån ª trong trü ng h p này, bån nên tìm š ki n pháp luæt xin trì hoän lœnh trøc xuãt. Chúng tôi xin dùng 3 hò sö ví dø sau Çây Ç giúp cho bån hi u thêm vš các ÇiŠu kiœn thông thü ng nhãt Ç xin nhân Çåo: 1. ngü i xin ÇÖn Çã Ç n Canada nhišu næm, tøng xin tî nån ª Canada nhüng bî bác, vì Çã thü ng trú ª Canada nhišu næm, có công æn viœc làm n ÇÎnh, sinh cö læp nghiœp, h c hành thành tài, tích c c tham gia các hoåt Ç ng c ng ÇÒng v.v. NgÜ i xin ÇÖn không có giãy t chùng minh nhân dân và không có h chi u Ç vš nguyên quán Ç xin di trú Ç n Canada. Trong hò sö này, sª di trú khi xét ÇÖn së tìm nh»ng nhân tó nhü: th i gian cü trú tåi Canada (càng lâu càng tót) không th r i Canada th i gian dài có phäi là lš do Ç sinh cö læp nghiœp ngü i xin có th t chû ÇÜ c lš do không th r i Canada hay không công æn viœc làm thu nhæp có n ÇÎnh không, sinh cö læp nghiœp nhü th nào có h c thêm ª Canada Ç nâng cao trình Ç ngôn

11 9 NEWSLETTER - - 會訊會訊 - - Thông Thông tin tin h I h I viên viên ngº, tay nghš không tham gia nh»ng hoåt Ç ng trong c ng ÇÒng ho c thiœn nguyœn thành phàn gia Çình ª Canada thu c thành phàn lüöng thiœn (k løc phåm t i) tình trång tài chính ª Canada (tài sän) 2. ngü i xin ÇÖn trong hò sö ví dø thù hai này là m t ngü i phø n» ª læu trong Canada, læp gia Çình và ÇÜ c chòng bäo lãnh bà và con ª Canada. TrÜ c khi bà ÇÜ c cãp thü ng trú thì bà bî chòng båo hành và chòng bà hûy bõ bäo lãnh trü c khi bà ÇÜ c cãp di trú. Bà nôp ÇÖn xin nhân Çåo. có ÇiŠu quan tr ng là n u hò sö cûa bà lúc ban ÇÀu Çã xin nhân Çåo và ÇÜ c chãp thuæn, s bäo länh là m t trong các nhân tó xin nhân Çåo lúc Çó, thì sau khi hò sö ÇÜ c chãp thuæn ª giai Çoån ÇÀu thì chòng bà së không có quyšn hûy bäo lãnh sau Çó. N u không, thì B Di trú së xét nh»ng nhân tó Çã liœt ra ª ví dø trên và thêm nh»ng nhân tó sau Çây trong ÇÖn xin nhân Çåo n p sau khi hò sö bäo lãnh bî hûy: các d» kiœn liên quan Ç n båo hành trong gia Çình cân nhãc quyšn l i cûa con cái - Çây là phàn quan tr ng trên luæt pháp, vì B Di Trú phäi xét Ç n quyšn l i cûa trè gián ti p hay tr c ti p bî änh hü«ng. Do Çó, tu i tác ÇÙa trè, quan hœ mæt thi t và s phø thu c cûa ÇÙa trè vào cha më xin ÇÖn, nh»ng Çòi hõi chæm sóc Ç c biœt dành cho ÇÙa trè trên phüöng diœn sinh hoåt ho c sùc khõe, nh»ng khó khæn gây ra cho ÇÙa trè khi phäi theo cha më trª vš nguyên quán v.v. 3. NgÜ i xin nhân Çåo trong ví dø hò sö thù ba là m t ngü i góa phø l n tu i Ç n thæm con cháu tåi Canada. sau hành trình dài hön 15 ti ng Ç n Canada, bà bi t ÇÜ c con gái bà bœnh n ng và càn bà ª låi giúp chæm sóc cho cháu. Trong hò sö này, B Di Trú së xét các nhân tó nhü: con bà có n p ÇÖn bäo lãnh bà không - nhân tó này së làm cho lš do nhân Çåo cûa bà månh hön n u có ngü i bäo lãnh Çoàn tø gia Çình chùng minh quan hœ gia Çình s khó khæn mà con cháu bà phäi ÇÓi phó n u không có bà bên cånh khä næng Ç c læp cûa bà lš do bà không th trª vš nguyên quán ÇÜ c s nüöng t a cûa bà ª nguyên quán khä næng làm viœc ª Canada trình Ç thích Ùng sinh hoåt ª Canada Thû tøc xin Bån có th lãy ÇÖn xin ª mång vi tính cûa B Di Trú ª ÇÎa chì ho c g i só Ç yêu càu xin ÇÖn gºi vš cho bån. ñön phäi ÇiŠn thæt k lüªng và c n kè vì Ça só hò sö së ÇÜ c xét trên m t giãy t mà miín phõng vãn. Trong ÇÖn xin tên là supplementary form (mã só IMM 5283) së yêu càu bån phäi kê liœt nh»ng lš do nhân Çåo, tót h t là bån nên tìm có vãn pháp lš Ç giúp bån chuän bî và hoàn tãt tài liœu này. B Di Trú gi» k løc cûa tãt cä ÇÖn xin nhân Çåo trong hœ thóng vi tính cûa h. Do Çó, Bån chì nên n p ÇÖn n u bån nghï bån có cö h i thành công cao. cho ví dø nhü bån không nên xin n u bån chì cü ngø tåi Canada m t th i gian ng n, có lè bån nên ch vài næm Ç thi t læp các nhân tó Ç n p ÇÖn xin. N u bån có thân nhân có th bäo lãnh bån thu c diœn Çoàn tø gia Çình thì bån nên yêu càu ngü i bäo lãnh n p chung ÇÖn bäo lãnh kèm v i ÇÖn xin nhân Çåo. HiŒn nay, thì nh»ng trü ng h p bäo lãnh ngü i phói ngäu hay bån Ç i cûa mình ÇÜ c miín ÇiŠu kiœn Çòi hõi ngü i bî bäo lãnh phäi có giãy t h p pháp m i ÇÜ c bäo lãnh, bäo lãnh phói ngäu và con cái phø thu c ÇÜ c Üu tiên.

12 NEWSLETTER - 會訊 - Thông tin h I viên 12 ñön xin và lœ phí $550 phäi n p cho B Di Trú ª Vegreville, Alberta, Væn phòng này së mª hò sö và ngü i xin së nhæn ÇÜ c giãy thông báo Çã nhæn ÇÜ c hò sö, sau Çó thì hò sö së ÇÜ c chuy n vš væn phòng di trú trong khu gàn ngü i xin ÇÖn ª Ç xét duyœt và phõng vãn n u càn. Khi hò sö ÇÜ c chãp nhæn ª giai Çoån ÇÀu, thì B Di Trú së gºi thü quy t ÇÎnh cho ngü i ÇÙng ÇÖn, Trong thü së nói rõ là hò sö Çã ÇÜ c chãp thuæn và ÇÜ c yêu càu khám sùc khoè, ÇÒng th i h së xét k løc phåm t i, hò sö së hoàn tãt trong 12 Ç n 24 tháng. trong th i gian này, bån có th bî yêu càu cæp nhæt hò sö và tái khám sùc khõe cho Ç n khi cãp giãy di trú. Duy Trì tình trang ThÜ ng Trú Sau khi bån trª thành thü ng trú, bån phäi cü ngø tåi Canada Çúng theo Çòi hõi Ç duy trì thân phæn thü ng trú dân cûa mình cho Ç n khi nhæp quóc tîch Canada. Bån phäi ít nhãt cü ngø tåi Canada t ng c ng 730 ngày trong th i gian 5 næm gàn nhãt. M i làn bån nhæp cänh Canada thì nhân viên di trú häi quan së hõi bån vš th i gian cü trú cûa bån trong 5 næm gàn nhãt. N u bån trª thành thü ng trú dân chüa Çû 5 næm nhüng Çã r i Canada m t khoäng th i gian dài chüa hön 3 næm, thì nhân viên di trú häi quan së cho bån bi t th i gian bån phäi cü trú tåi Canada Ç duy trì thân phæn thü ng trú. Cho ví dø nhü bån trª thành thü ng trú dân h p pháp næm 2003, sau Çó r i Canada và trª vš næm 2006, thì lúc nhæp cänh, h së cho bån bi t là bån phäi ª låi Canada trong 2 næm t i trü c khi r i Canada làn n»a Ç duy trì thân phæn thü ng trú cûa bån. 1. Bån h tóng ngü i phói ngäu và con cái là công dân Canada sóng ª nü c ngoài 2. Bån là nhân viên cûa công ty ª Canada ho c là công nhân viên ÇÜ c phái ra ngoåi quóc làm viœc 3. h tóng ngü i phói ngäu là nhân viên cûa công ty ª Canada ho c là công nhân viên ÇÜ c phái ra ngoåi quóc làm viœc Bån nên nh phäi t ki m tra th i gian cü ngø cûa mình ª Canada và gi» låi tãt cä k løc r i Canada cûng nhü chùng minh cü ngø ª Canada Ç trách phišn phùc sau này. N u bån ª trong trü ng h p nêu trên, bån càn mang theo giãy t càn thi t nhü h p ÇÒng lao ÇÒng cûa bån ho c ngü i phói ngäu Ç chùng minh lš do cü ngø ª nü c ngoài và th i gian ª nü c ngoài së h i Çû ÇiŠu kiœn ÇÜ c tính nhü th i gian cü trú ª trong Canada. N u tôi không h i Çû th i gian cü trú thì sao? N u bån không cü ngø Çû 730 ngày trong th i hån 5 næm gàn nhãt, thì bån có cö h i giäi thích lš do tåi sao và bån phäi thuy t phøc B Di Trú r ng nh»ng khó khæn bån ho c gia Çình bån có n u bån bî thu hòi giãy thü ng trú. Bån së ÇÜ c cho phép nhæp cänh Ç ch quy t ÇÎnh cuói cùng. Trong nh»ng trü ng h p sau Çây, th i gian r i Canada có th xem nhü th i gian cü ngø trong Canada dù bån ª nü c ngoài:

13 BECOME OUR MEMBER If you are our member, you do not have to reapply, but please fill in the back of this form and return to us if you need to update information. New member can join by filling out the membership form which we have included in this newsletter and mail it back to us. Membership is free of charge. As a member, you have the right to : Vote at annual general meeting and be elected as our board member Be involved in committees Be on our mailing list and receive our newsletter 歡迎閣下成為成員 如果閣下已經是會員, 閣下不需要再申請, 但可以用後面的申請表格更新資料寄回 新會員只需填上下頁的會員申請表, 寄回便可成為成員, 會費全免 作為會員, 閣下有權 : 在週年大會選舉及被選為董事會成員 參與委員會活動 定期收到會訊 Gia nhæp h i viên Bạn chỉ cần điền đơn xin gia nhập hội viên ở trang sau và gởi về cho trung tâm để trở thành hội viên của trung tâm. Là hội viên, bạn có quyền: bỏ phiếu bầu cử trong buổi họp thường niên tham gia bầu cử trở thành thành viên ban quản trị tham gia các hoạt động của các ủy ban tham dự buổi họp thường niên tổ chức vào mổi mùa hè định kỳ nhận được tin hội viên

14 NEW MEMBER APPLICATION FORM 新會員申請表 ñön xin gia nhæp cho h i viên m i I am interested in becoming a member/ 我想成為會員 /Tôi muốn trở thành hội viên Last name/ 姓 /họ: First name/ 名字 /tên: Address/ 地址 /địa chỉ: Phone number/ 電話號碼 /Số điện thoại : Language Spoken/ 溝通語言 /ngôn ngữ bạn nói là: Cantonese/ 廣東話 /tiếng Quãng Mandarin/ 普通話 /tiếng Quan Thoại Vietnamese/ 越南話 /tiếng Việt Other / 其它請說明 /những ngôn ngữ khác: Please return this form to/ 填好寄回 /Điền xong xin gửi về: METRO TORONTO CHINESE & SOUTHEAST ASIAN LEGAL CLINIC 180 Dundas Street West, Suite 1701, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8 Telephone: (416) Fax: (416) Change address/ 地址更新 /ñ i ÇÎa chì: Full Name/ 姓名 /tên họ: old address/ 舊地址 /ÇÎa chì cû: current address/ 新地址 /ÇÎa chì m i: address/ 電郵地址 /đîa chỉ vi tính:

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