27 The Postwar Boom QUIT
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- Gerard Goodwin
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1 27 The Postwar Boom QUIT CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME LINE SECTION 1 Postwar America GRAPH MAP SECTION 2 The American Dream in the Fifties SECTION 3 Popular Culture SECTION 4 The Other America VISUAL SUMMARY
2 27 The Postwar Boom HOME CHAPTER OBJECTIVE To understand the economic, social, and cultural changes that occurred in postwar America
3 27 The Postwar Boom I N T E R A C T W I T H H I S T O R Y You have returned home from serving in World War II to find that your country is changing. The cities have swelled. Outlying suburbs are being built up with almost identical homes. America produces more and cheaper goods. In a booming economy, couples marry and start families in record numbers. As you watch clever ads on TV for the newest labor-saving gadgets, you feel nostalgia for a simpler time. What is the American dream of the 1950s? Examine the Issues How does pressure to conform affect the American dream? Who might be excluded from the new prosperity? How does advertising promote certain lifestyles and ideals?
4 27 The Postwar Boom HOME TIME LINE The United States The World 1946 Baby boom begins Jackie Robinson integrates major league baseball Harry S. Truman is elected president Mao Zedong's Communist forces gain control of China s Disc jockey Alan Freed is the first to use the term rock n roll on the air Korean War begins Dwight D. Eisenhower is elected president Korean War ceasefire is signed Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka outlaws school segregation U.S.S.R. opens the first small nuclear power plant. continued...
5 27 The Postwar Boom HOME TIME LINE The United States The World 1956 Eisenhower is reelected Soviets crush uprising in Hungary Soviets launch Sputnik NASA the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is established Alaska and Hawaii become the 49th and 50th states Fidel Castro comes to power in Cuba John F. Kennedy is elected president.
6 1 Postwar America KEY IDEA As Americans try to put the nightmare of World War II behind them and begin rebuilding their lives, the economy booms and the country becomes conservative. OVERVIEW
7 1 Postwar America OVERVIEW MAIN IDEA The Truman and Eisenhower administrations led the nation to make social, economic, and political adjustments following World War II. WHY IT MATTERS NOW In the years after World War II, the United States became the economic and military power that it still is today. TERMS & NAMES GI Bill of Rights Fair Deal suburb Dixiecrat Harry S. Truman
8 1 Postwar America 1. List the key events relating to postwar America. Use the dates below as a guide. Postwar unemployment peaks; strikes breakout; Republican Party controls the House and Senate; Truman appoints Committee on Civil Rights. Congress passes anti-union Taft- Hartley Act. Truman integrates the armed forces; Dixiecrates form States Rights Democratic Party; Truman wins presidency. Jackie Robinson voted National League s Most Valuable Player. Eisenhower wins presidency continued...
9 1 Postwar America 2. Do you think Eisenhower s actions reflected his philosophy of dynamic conservatism? Why or why not? Think About: the definition of dynamic conservatism Eisenhower s actions on civil rights policies Eisenhower s accomplishments on other domestic issues ANSWER Yes He raised the minimum wage, extended social security and unemployment benefits, and increased funding for public housing. No He did little to support civil rights. continued...
10 1 Postwar America 3. Why do you think most Americans went along with Eisenhower's conservative approach to domestic policy? ANSWER The Cold War caused many Americans to seek security in traditional conservative values, and Eisenhower s approach has brought progress and prosperity. continued...
11 1 Postwar America 4. How did presidents Truman and Eisenhower differ regarding civil rights? ANSWER Truman took action. He integrated the military, appointed a committee on civil rights, and had the 1948 Democratic Party s platform emphasize civil rights. Eisenhower did not believe that the federal government had a role to play in desegregation, but he did uphold existing laws. End of Section 1
12 GRAPH MAP 2 HOME The American Dream in the Fifties KEY IDEA Many Americans find their dream of material comfort and economic prosperity realized. But some find the cost too high. OVERVIEW
13 GRAPH MAP 2 HOME The American Dream in the Fifties OVERVIEW MAIN IDEA During the 1950s, the economy boomed, and many Americans enjoyed material comfort. WHY IT MATTERS NOW The American dream, a notion that was largely shaped by the fifties, is still pursued today. TERMS & NAMES conglomerate consumerism franchise baby boom planned obsolescence Dr. Jonas Salk
14 GRAPH MAP 2 HOME The American Dream in the Fifties 1. List examples of specific goals that characterized the American dream for suburbanites in the 1950s. The American Dream Values Home/Family Work Conformity; material goods implied success Two or three children, close family ties; single-family home in suburbia; one or two cars; television Man is the breadwinner, who works at a whitecollar job; woman takes care of home and children continued...
15 GRAPH MAP 2 HOME The American Dream in the Fifties 2. In what ways do you think current environmental consciousness is related to the throwaway society of the 1950s? Think About: the purchasing habits of 1950s consumers the effects of planned obsolescence today s emphasis on recycling ANSWER Today s common practice of recycling discarded items and trash, reusing empty food and other containers, and buying products with long-term warranties might be seen as necessary steps to reverse the throwaway trend of the 1950s. continued...
16 GRAPH MAP 2 HOME The American Dream in the Fifties 3. Do you think that the life of a typical suburban homemaker during the 1950s was fulfilling or not? ANSWER Yes had a home in the suburbs, a car, children, material comforts, and did not have to work outside the home No tied to her home and family and had no time or encouragement to develop her own interests End of Section 2
17 3 Popular Culture KEY IDEA Mass popular culture booms, largely because of television. While the media generally reflect mainstream middle-class values, a vital counterculture flourishes. OVERVIEW
18 3 Popular Culture OVERVIEW MAIN IDEA Mainstream Americans, as well as the nation s subcultures, embraced new forms of entertainment during the 1950s. WHY IT MATTERS NOW Television and rock n roll, integral parts of the nation s culture today, emerged during the postwar era. TERMS & NAMES beat movement rock n roll jazz mass media Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
19 3 Popular Culture 1. List some popular culture idols of the 1950 s, and identify the art form and major achievements associated with each person. Person Art Form Achievements Lucille Ball Edward R. Murrow Elvis Presley Television Television Music Star of I Love Lucy Host of Person to Person Rock n roll singer continued...
20 3 Popular Culture 2. Do you agree with Newton Minow s statement that TV was a vast wasteland? ANSWER Agree TV presented idealized white values and ignored the problems of minorities. Disagree TV programs provided needed escape for many people and also portrayed the ideal family life that many valued. continued...
21 3 Popular Culture 3. How did radio, TV, and the movies contribute to the success of rock n roll? ANSWER They carried images of singers and the sounds of their music to most Americans. continued...
22 3 Popular Culture 4. In what ways were the rock n roll musicians and the beat poets of the 1950s similar? Think About: the values the musicians and poets believed in people s reactions to the musicians, poets, and writers ANSWER Both were rebellious, experimental, and innovative; often wore nonconformist clothing; attracted the young, as well as older, middle-class Americans; and performed for live audiences. End of Section 3
23 4 The Other America KEY IDEA Many Americans suffer from poverty and racial discrimination, despite unprecedented economic prosperity in the nation. OVERVIEW
24 4 The Other America OVERVIEW MAIN IDEA Amidst the prosperity of the 1950s, millions of Americans lived in poverty. WHY IT MATTERS NOW America today continues to experience a marked income gap between affluent and nonaffluent people. TERMS & NAMES urban renewal bracero termination policy
25 4 The Other America 1. Identify the common problems that African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans faced during the 1950s. Mexican Americans African Americans Native Americans Poverty Inadequate housing Discrimination and social injustice Harsh or ineffective government policies Few advocates among mainstream public Exclusion from the American Dream Second-class citizenship Limited job opportunities Limited social mobility continued...
26 4 The Other America 2. Do you think that urban renewal was an effective approach to the housing problem in inner cities? Think About: the goals of the National Housing Act of 1949 the claims made by some critics of urban renewal the residents best interest ANSWER Effective The ultimate goal was to construct affordable housing for the poor, and it did tear down many bad areas and put up new housing. Ineffective It did not provide enough new housing and displaced many poor people when old housing was torn down. continued...
27 4 The Other America 3. How did Native Americans work to increase their participation in the U.S. political process? ANSWER Native Americans formed organizations to register voters and protest discrimination. continued...
28 4 The Other America 4. Which major population shift white flight, migration from Mexico, or relocation of Native Americans do you think had the greatest impact on U.S. society? Why? Think About: the impact of white flight the influx of braceros the effects of the termination policy ANSWER White flight It caused polarization of rich and poor and suburban and urban cultures. Migration of Mexicans They met with opposition because they provided job competition. Native American relocation It displaced an entire group of people. End of Section 4
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