Chapter 10. The Jazz Age - The 1920 s

Transcription

1 Chapter 10 The Jazz Age - The 1920 s

2 Section 1

3 Politics Harding took over as President after WW1 (after Wilson) Was generally liked, he was easy going Lots of scandals and corruption however! Hired all of his friends in government positions Teapot Dome Scandal - Harding s Secretary of the Interior, Albert Hall, leased oil reserves in Wyoming and California to private companies in exchange for bribe money; he went to prison for this Harding suffered a heart attack in office and died His Vice President, Cal Coolidge, became President Interfere with business as little as possible Ran for president in the next election and easily won (382 votes) Harding Coolidge

4 Economics - The role of Government Limit interference with business Laissez-faire Supply-side economics Cooperative individualism Cut taxes, debt, and reduce government spending Impose higher tariffs to protect young industries

5 Economics Trickle-down economics - If the gov t lowers taxes, people will spend and invest more money and it will actually grown the economy Does this work? Lots of data saying no BUT - THIS TIME PERIOD WAS BOOMING ECONOMICALLY! Why? Large population means a large market lots of people buying! We were in debt before WW1 after other countries owed us $10 billion! We were very wealthy! New industries (particularly cars & radios) and everyone buying these things All republican policies made an impact (laissez-faire, tariffs, trusts, good relationships w/businesses)

6 Economics Continued Lots of jobs, much higher wages, lower working hours and happier people People were spending money! They could afford to buy things now!

7 Promoting Peace The Dawes Plan Countries struggling after the war financially Having to pay reparations, high tariffs The U.S. loaned money to France, Britain, and Germany to help them make reparation payments Kellogg-Briand Pact A treaty that outlawed war Signed by the U.S. and 14 other countries No binding force, but this was a victory for peace

8 Washington Conference Even though countries were in debt, they continued to build their navies and militaries up The United States decided to hold a conference to end this weapons race 8 Countries invited Charles Hugh proposed: Put a 10 year halt on making new warships Destroy some existing warships (including American ones) Conference did not limit land forces Also one more reason to anger Japan they were required to keep a smaller navy!

9 What about today? The Senate plan cuts the corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 20 percent in The House plan does so in Both plans cut income tax rates, double the standard deduction, and eliminate personal exemptions. Income Tax Rate Income Levels for Those Filing As: Current Senate Single Married-Joint 10% 10% $0-$9,524 $0-$19,049 15% 12% $9,525-$38,699 $19,050-$77,399 25% 22.5% $38,700-$59,999 $77,400-$119,999 25% - 28% 25% $60,000-$169,999 $120,000-$389,999 33% 32.5% $170,000-$199,999 $390,000-$449,999 33% - 35% 35% $200,000-$499,999 $450,000-$999, % 38.5% $500,000+ $1M+

10 Economics Today 1. Compare President Trump s economic plans with policies from the 1920 s 2. Justify whether or not you think this plan is a good idea for the country today - Use connections to the 1920 s as well as specifics from Trump s plan and the impact it will have on America

11 Section 2

12 Workplace changes Mass production - large scale manufacturing done with machines Also utilizes the assembly line (operations divided into simple tasks repeated over and over again) First assembly line product from Ford? The Model T! Originally $850! Benefits to mass production? Drawbacks?

13 Business Innovation and Technology New Industries and Economic Growth 1920s (Popular Then) 2010s (Popular Today) automobile Model T SUVs Trucks Gas/Electric Hybrids airplanes Earnhardt Transatlantic flight with Lindberg Supersonic jets Space flights Commercial airlines radio Entertainment, jazz music, commercial use (advertising and propaganda), comedians... AM/FM, Satellite (Sirius), podcasts, Itunes consumer goods Refrigerators, electric clothes washer, and vacuum cleaner Dishwashers, microwaves

14 Consumer Society Consumer Credit Attitudes towards debt changed people believed they could afford to pay over time Buy now, pay in easy installments Mass Advertising Advertising products to customers for the first time Ads focused on: progress, convenience, leisure, success, and style Welfare Capitalism Companies allowed workers to buy stock, participate in profit sharing, and receive medical care and pensions

15

16 Farming crisis Cause? A) During the war, farmers prospered, but after Europeans could not buy our farm products B) Congress raised tariffs (taxes) on agricultural products

17 Analyzing visuals and primary sources: Page 371, 1 and 2 Page 373, 1 and 2

18 Section 3

19 Nativsim Nativism - A belief that one s native land needs to be protected from immigrants a strong dislike of immigrants Anarchy - Opposing all forms of government Benefit? Drawback?

20 Ku Klux Klan Claimed to be fighting for Americanism Targets: African Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants, and any group they deemed un-american Children?

21 Immigration National Origins Act - Immigration restriction; only 2% of each ethnic group could be represented in the U.S. Natives of the Western Hemisphere were exempt Hispanics migrated to the U.S. to fill the need for farmworkers

22 Women Flappers - women who smoked, drank, and wore makeup Began work, attending college, and seeking independence and freedom in many areas

23 Culture Continued... Fundamentalism B. Now is used to reference strongly conservative viewpoints Scopes Trial A teacher, John Scopes, was arrested for teaching evolution to students in Tennessee instead of creationism Was found guilty but it was overturned because of a technicality A. Belief that the bible is literal and people should follow it as such

24 Prohibition Prohibition led to speakeasies (illegal bars where you could buy liquor) Contraband - smuggling illegal goods Amendment - 18th Why did they ban? 1. Religious reasons 2. Reduce unemployment 3. Reduce domestic violence and poverty

25 Section 4

26 Cultural innovations Cultural Movement Main Characteristics Art Diverse range of styles Nature, cities, geometric shapes Literature Glorifying the midwest Equality for women and African Americans Heroic Anti-heroes Critiques of modern society Popular Culture Motion pictures Jazz Music Sports (baseball)

27 literature For Whom the Bell Tolls and A Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald The Age of Innocence Edith Wharton

28 Culture Continued... Mass media developed radio/movies/newspapers/magazines aimed at a broad audience Helped spread shared ideas and unify the nation Baseball comparison!

29 Section 5

30 Harlem renaissance Causes Effects A. Great Migration A. Racial Pride (and contempt for racism) B. Racial Pride B. Artistic Development C. Political organization and power for African Americans D. A sense of community E.Early integration of African American culture into the mainstream culture

31

32 African american culture Cotton Club - most famous nightclub in Harlem that only served white customers but showcased black entertainers including many Jazz musicians Jazz VS Blues Jazz is upbeat and improvisational while blues is soulful and emotional

33 Individual Accomplishment(s) Louis Armstrong First African American Jazz musician Most well known Duke Ellington Great pianist Famous jazz musician Bessie Smith Grammy Hall of Fame Famous blues singer Josephine Baker Broadway star Europe s most popular and Highest paid performer

34 Black nationalism Negro Nationalism - glorified black culture and traditions and demonstrated great pride Marcus Garvey Back to Africa After the war, African Americans in the north became strong voting blocs Sometimes there were so many black voters it actually did sway elections! Political successes!