A world war changes the way Americans view the world. The years following the war bring more changes in attitudes and economic practices.

Transcription

1 SLIDE 1 Chapter 16: World War I and the 1920s A world war changes the way Americans view the world. The years following the war bring more changes in attitudes and economic practices. SLIDE 2 Section 1: America and Georgia Go to War Section 2: The Roaring Twenties and a New Generation Section 3: Georgia s Economy in the 1920s SLIDE 3 Section 1: America and Georgia Go to War Americans become involved in World War I even though they do not think it is their fight. SLIDE 4 Section 1: America and Georgia Go to War The War Begins Factors Contributing to War World War I begins as conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia - Serbian man kills Archduke Franz Ferdinand June 28, 1914 Imperialism, nationalism, militarism contribute to war Imperialism European competition for colonies, resources in Africa and Asia Germany has fewer colonies than Britain, France; wants more SLIDE 5 continued The War Begins Nationalism Nationalism pride, loyalty to country strong among Europeans Nationalism fuels tensions, especially between ethnic groups Militarism Europeans believe large armies, navies necessary for defense War grows to involve 32 nations; many join due to previous alliances 1

2 Allied Powers 28 countries, eventually includes U.S. Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire SLIDE 6 continued The War Begins America s Position U.S. not interested in joining war when it starts President Woodrow Wilson promises to keep U.S. neutral U.S eventually enters war over German naval actions - British block German ports, Germany sinks Allied ships in response - Germans sink Lusitania, British passenger ship; 128 Americans killed - Germans sink American merchant ships; U.S declares war in 1917 SLIDE 7 War in Europe Georgia and the War Selective Service Act requires all men to register for draft Over 100,000 Georgians serve in war; state is major training center U.S. helps Allies take back German-occupied territory, summer 1918 The War Ends Allied and Central Powers sign armistice, November 11, armistice agreement to end the fighting More than 100,000 Americans dead; 15 million dead worldwide SLIDE 8 Impact of World War I on the South Georgians Cope with War Wartime demand for Georgia s goods, resources improves economy Cotton prices rise, many pay off debts for first time in years War also causes problems shortage of some goods, like gasoline People worry about loved ones overseas, spies at home Government restricts freedom of speech Citizens buy bonds to pay for war effort; some entertain troops SLIDE 9 Continued Impact of World War I on the South 2

3 Women Contribute to the War Effort Women provide food to soldiers at training camps, train stations Make clothes for soldiers overseas, join groups helping war effort American women help in Europe; become nurses, drive ambulances SLIDE 10 Spanish Influenza Epidemic Disease Spreads Worldwide Soldiers spread Spanish Influenza epidemic worldwide in 1918 Georgia s first case at Camp Hancock, October soon over 2,000 cases; close public facilities to prevent spreading Flu kills 675,000 Americans; 25 million worldwide by end of year SLIDE 11 Section 2: The Roaring Twenties and a New Generation The 1920s are a time of dramatic change in how people live. SLIDE 12 Section 2: The Roaring Twenties and a New Generation Social Changes The Flapper Era 1920s bring more freedoms for women, personified by flappers - flapper young woman with short hair, short skirt, carefree attitude Not all women are flappers, but idea of personal freedom attracts many More women get jobs outside the home; attitudes on marriage change Laborsaving appliances, convenience foods make life easier SLIDE 13 Social Changes Eighteenth Amendment Eighteenth Amendment bans making, selling, transporting alcohol This Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquors in place from 1920 to 1933 Nineteenth Amendment Nineteenth Amendment gives women the right to vote in U.S., 1920 Bessie Kempton, Viola Ross Napier win Georgia Assembly seats, 1922 SLIDE 14 3

4 Changes for African Americans The Great Migration Wartime industries give many African Americans good-paying jobs 1.5 million African Americans move to Northern cities in years after war - movement known as the Great Migration Some economic gains in North, but still job, housing discrimination NAACP works to protect rights, expose injustices Marcus Garvey leads Back-to-Africa movement in 1920s; few migrate SLIDE 15 Resistance to Change The Leo Frank Case in Atlanta Leo Frank, Jewish factory manager, convicted of murdering girl, 1913 Frank kidnapped, lynched; gets 1986 pardon based on new evidence Revival of the KKK Frank case is one event leading to Ku Klux Klan s (KKK) revival Many lash out at changes in society instead of accepting them New KKK focuses hatred on African Americans, Catholics, Jews Membership not limited to South; increases nationwide SLIDE 16 The Automobile Changes Georgia Ford Changes Auto Production Few automobiles in U.S. in 1900; too fragile, expensive Henry Ford uses interchangeable parts, assembly line to build, method assembles cars quickly; cars more durable, affordable - other manufacturers in U.S. and worldwide copy process By end of 1920s, 27 million cars are on U.S. roads; car culture develops Cars become most important possession to most Southerners SLIDE 17 The Automobile Changes Georgia Building Automobiles in Georgia Many small auto companies start from ; most fail quickly Hanson Motor Company is most successful Georgia carmaker, Good Roads Movement 4

5 Good Roads Movement highlights need for better roads in South Federal Road Aid Act of 1916 helps states fund and build roads Dixie Highway completed in 1927 major highway through Georgia - Stretches 5,700 miles, from Great Lakes to Florida Keys SLIDE 18 Modernization and Change Retail Chains U.S. economy strong ; industrial production doubles National retail chains open, sell brand-name products nationwide Regional chains develop Piggly Wiggly opens in Memphis, one of first self-service grocery stores in U.S. Credit Many think prosperity of 1920s will not end; begin buying on credit - buy items with small down payment, pay balance in future payments SLIDE 19 Section 3: Georgia s Economy in the 1920s Atlanta and other Georgia cities prosper in the 1920s, but rural Georgia is left out of the prosperity. SLIDE 20 Section 3: Georgia s Economy in the 1920s Georgia s Economy Grows Natural Resource Industries 1920s is a decade of prosperity; people have more money to spend Industries expand in 1920s; natural resource industries flourish Bauxite used to make aluminum; timber, cotton still in demand Kaolin industry grows rapidly; kaolin found in 13 Georgia counties - kaolin clay used to make plastics, toothpaste, other items SLIDE 21 Georgia s Cities Promoting Georgia s Cities 1920 census reveals for the first time that most Americans live in cities Georgia towns, cities campaign to attract more people, businesses Atlanta Forward successful national ad campaign promoting Atlanta - over 700 businesses move to Atlanta from 1925 to

6 The Arrival of the Airplane William B. Hartsfield says Atlanta needs airport to be a major city - convinces mayor; city acquires land to build Candler Field, 1925 SLIDE 22 Georgia s Agriculture in the 1920s Boll Weevils In 1920, U.S. economy goes through recession short, severe downturn Boll weevil beetle strikes Georgia cotton crop, cotton crop drops by nearly 75%; many farmers give up on farming - some move to towns, others migrate North Nearly 60% of Georgia farmers are sharecroppers or tenants by s prosperity passes them by; many lack running water, utilities 6