Chapter 20 WS - Dr. Larson - Summer School

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1 Name: Class: _ Date: _ Chapter 20 WS - Dr. Larson - Summer School Matching IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all the items. a. transistor b. franchise c. beatnik d. per capita income e. Modern Republicanism f. baby boom g. GI Bill h. conglomerate i. National Defense Education Act j. reconversion k. integration 1. From 1945 to 1960 the average income per person, or, nearly doubled. 2. A giant corporation becomes a(n) by investing in a wide range of businesses that produce different kinds of goods and services. 3. A(n) gives a group or individual the right to market a company s goods or services. 4. A tiny circuit that improved the transmission of electronic signals is called a(n). 5. The high birth rate that followed World War II continued the that had begun during the war. 6. In 1944, Congress passed the to give World War II veterans benefits like college tuition and low-interest mortgage loans. 7. President Eisenhower s conservative approach to government was known as. 8. The social and economic transition to peacetime after war is. IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES Match each name with the correct statement below. You will not use all the names. a. Richard M. Nixon b. Adlai Stevenson c. William J. Levitt d. Jack Kerouac e. Betty Friedan f. Benjamin Spock g. Jonas Salk h. J. D. Salinger i. Dwight D. Eisenhower j. Harry Truman 9. doctor who developed a vaccine against polio 10. developer who mass-produced new communities in suburbs 11. pediatrician who wrote a highly influential book on child care 12. author of The Feminine Mystique 13. Democratic candidate for President in 1952 and

2 Name: 14. Eisenhower s vice presidential running mate 15. considered the leader of the Beat Generation 16. President and former commander-in-chief of the armed forces KEY TERMS Match each of the following terms with its description below. a. conglomerate b. franchise c. transistor d. baby boom 17. enormous jump in the birth rate 18. a corporation made up of three or more unrelated businesses 19. a tiny circuit device that amplifies, controls, and generates electrical signals 20. a business that contracts to offer certain goods and services from a larger parent company KEY TERMS Match each of the following terms with its description below. a. Taft-Hartley Act b. Modern Republicanism c. National Defense Education Act 21. a piece of anti labor legislation 22. act designed to improve science and mathematics instruction in schools 23. Eisenhower s approach to government Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS 24. During the postwar years, the Gross National Product of the United States a. more than doubled. b. returned to Depression levels. c. shrank by half. d. stayed about the same. 25. One effect of business expansion after World War II was a. lower wages for most workers. b. the weakening of labor unions. c. a shift in the work force from blue-collar to white-collar jobs. d. a major decline in working conditions for most Americans. 26. One long-lasting effect of the major highway-building projects of the 1950s was a. a reduction in the number of cars built. b. less reliance on the public transportation system. c. a shrinkage of the trucking industry. d. the disappearance of suburban housing. 2

3 Name: 27. Unlike Betty Friedan, pediatrician Benjamin Spock believed that women should a. stay home with their children. b. contribute to the family income. c. remain mainly in teaching and nursing. d. explore creative new roles for themselves. 28. The beatniks of the 1950s promoted a. traditional social patterns. b. family values. c. segregation of African Americans. d. spontaneity over conformity. 29. One of President Truman s greatest challenges in reconverting to a peacetime economy was a. keeping inflation in check. b. appeasing women who lost their jobs to returning soldiers. c. securing passage of the Taft-Hartley Act. d. encouraging mass production of consumer goods. 30. The 1957 launching of Sputnik a. proved the superiority of American technology. b. greatly increased Eisenhower s popularity. c. plunged the United States into a series of three recessions. d. caused Congress to increase spending on teaching science and mathematics. 31. How did the gross national product and per capita income change in the 1950s? a. The Gross National Product increased while per capita income decreased. b. Both Gross National Product and per capita income fell sharply. c. Both Gross National Product and per capita income increased dramatically. d. The Gross National Product decreased while per capita income increased. 32. What effect did conglomerates and the franchise system have on the American economy in the 1950s? a. They inadvertently slowed industrial growth. b. They promoted diversity and individualism within the business world. c. They contributed to major business expansion. d. They eliminated thousands of service-oriented, white-collar jobs. 33. What major effect did the transistor have on technology? a. It made nuclear power possible. b. It ended the popularity of radio. c. It reduced the size of electronic appliances. d. It temporarily slowed the development of new technology. 34. What roles were most American women expected to fulfill in the 1950s? a. active politicians b. full-time homemakers c. leaders in social causes d. second income earners 35. Which of the following best describes the beatniks of the 1950s? a. They rebelled against conformity and traditional social patterns. b. They worked to revive organized religion. c. They organized campaigns against racial injustice. d. They valued American middle-class culture above diverse cultural heritages. 3

4 Name: 36. Why did Congress pass the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947? a. to protect union officials against undue invasion of privacy b. to raise wages c. to increase unemployment benefits d. to restrict labor strikes that threatened the national interest 37. Which of the following factors made it seem that Harry Truman had little chance of winning reelection in 1948? a. He had lost some support in his own party. b. He had opposed the Taft-Hartley Act. c. He had received illegal gifts. d. His campaign style was dull. 38. How did President Eisenhower s domestic policy reflect that of his Republican predecessors Coolidge and Hoover? a. He encouraged the growth of unions. b. He favored big business. c. He favored a national health plan. d. He discouraged highway building. 39. Many unique stores, with ties to the local community, were replaced as a result of a. the franchise system. b. television. c. the computer industry. d. the rise in per capita income. 40. Television helped spur economic growth through its a. financial programs. b. children s programs. c. credit cards. d. advertisements. 41. Computers came into widespread use in the 1950s mainly because they became a. safer and easier to clean. b. slower and easier to use. c. smaller and faster. d. larger and more powerful. 42. In the 1950s, scientists succeeded in using atomic energy to a. make better vaccines. b. run automobiles. c. generate electrical power. d. streamline computers. 43. William J. Levitt contributed to the growth of suburbs by a. mass-producing houses. b. criticizing urban life. c. designing interstate highways. d. providing low-interest mortgage loans. 44. Credit cards became popular because they were a. issued to all service workers. b. the least expensive way to purchase cars. c. easy and convenient to use. d. accepted in more places than cash was. 4

5 Name: 45. After the years of depression and war, most Americans were searching for a. adventure. b. problems to solve. c. security. d. new roles for men and women. 46. Members of the silent generation chose to pursue a. serious reading. b. entertainment and fun. c. political and social reform. d. jobs. 47. The new interest in religion was reflected in the popularity of a. Billy Graham. b. Tootle the Engine. c. Benjamin Spock. d. Betty Friedan. 48. In the 1950s, men s roles included all of the following except a. making important decisions. b. supporting their families financially. c. cooking meals. d. going to school. 49. American society in the 1950s expected women to a. take part-time jobs. b. manage the household. c. go to college. d. work in day-care centers. 50. In the 1950s, more women than ever before a. held paying jobs. b. joined the army. c. became journalists. d. voted. 51. Rock-and-roll gave the young people of the 1950s a. a way to conform with their parents expectations. b. the values they needed to live through depression and war. c. a stable and secure cultural role. d. a style that they could call their own. 52. Jack Kerouac, author of On the Road, was the a. pediatrician who urged mothers to stay at home with their young children. b. spiritual leader of the beatniks. c. evangelist who led religious crusades all across the country. d. sociologist who first described the silent generation. 53. When the government lifted price controls after the war, prices a. remained about the same. b. rose faster than wages. c. fell to prewar levels. d. required government support. 5

6 Name: 54. When a railroad strike disrupted the economy in 1946, Truman tried to a. close down the railroad. b. fire John L. Lewis. c. replace union workers with scabs. d. draft striking workers into the army. 55. Truman s Fair Deal aimed to a. revoke most New Deal programs. b. greatly shrink the federal government. c. extend the New Deal s goals. d. appeal to conservative Republicans. 56. Fair Deal goals included all of the following except a. a higher minimum wage. b. increased power for Congress. c. national health insurance. d. housing assistance. 57. Truman seemed unlikely to win the 1948 election because he a. campaigned against civil rights. b. forced union officials to sign loyalty oaths. c. vetoed farm supports. d. lost the support of much of his party. 58. Eisenhower s formula for victory in the 1952 election focused on a. Sputnik and nuclear war. b. Korea, communism, and corruption. c. getting the soldiers home. d. increasing wage rates. 59. Eisenhower and his administration wholly supported a. labor unions. b. Adlai Stevenson. c. big business. d. increased government spending. 60. A 1950s technological innovation furthered by research during World War II was the a. television. b. radio. c. drive-in movie. d. computer. 61. During the 1950s, Americans placed the most value in a. adventure and excitement. b. security and caution. c. comfort and security. d. rock-and-roll and night clubs. 62. From 1950 to 1960, the number of women working outside the home a. rose from 24 to 31 percent. b. dropped from 39 to 21 percent. c. dropped from 31 to 24 percent. d. remained about the same. 6

7 Name: 63. What was one result of the baby boom? a. Overcrowding became a problem. b. Families moved from the cities to the suburbs. c. Families had to buy a second car. d. all of the above 64. The 1950s saw such disparate trends as a. the resurgence of religion and the rise of rock-and-roll. b. the rise of rock-and-roll and the decline of movie-going. c. Tupperware parties and stay-at-home dads. d. beatniks and the end of segregation. Essay CRITICAL THINKING 65. Demonstrating Reasoned Judgment How did the development of franchises encourage nationwide businesses while sometimes discouraging local businesses? 66. Recognizing Ideologies In what way was President Eisenhower s approach to government similar to the ideologies of the Republican Presidents of the 1920s? How did his approach differ? 67. Identifying Assumptions What assumption did President Truman make about what the American people wanted when he introduced his Fair Deal in late 1945 and early 1946? 68. Recognizing Cause and Effect What effect did developments in technology have on the American way of life in the 1950s? 7

The Postwar Years at Home ( )

The Postwar Years at Home ( ) America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 27 The Postwar Years at Home (1945 1960) Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. All rights reserved.