DIOCESE OF HARRISBURG SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM GRADE 7/8 United States History: Westward Expansion to Present Day

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1 5.1.9 Identify the goals of the constitution and the basic principles of American government. Recognize the Preamble to the Constitution and briefly explain how our government meets each goal. List and explain the seven principles underlying the Constitution. 1 Explain the organization and function of the United States government and the responsibilities of American citizenship Identify the formal and informal processes to change the Constitution and discuss how the Constitution is able to meet new challenges as they occur. Explain the role of political parties and describe the election process. Describe the formal methods of amending the Constitution. Explain how the Bill of Rights and later amendments expanded democratic rights and changed the structure of government. Identify the elastic clause and trace the process by which a bill becomes a law. 1

2 Explain the role of the president and members of the executive branch. 1 Explain the organization and function of the United States government and the responsibilities of American citizenship Explain the powers, responsibilities, and duties of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. Distinguish the role and duties of members of the House and Senate. Describe how the judicial branch is organized and explain the role of the courts. Explain the system of checks and balances. Explain the role of U.S. government in foreign policy and its impact on world affairs Describe the duties and responsibilities of citizenship. Explain what makes a person a U.S. citizen. Identify democratic values held by American citizens. List and explain the responsibilities of citizenship. 2

3 Describe the lifestyle of Native Americans in the West and discuss their dependence on the environment. Identify Indian tribes of the Plains region and discuss societal and cultural differences. Explain how the Plains Indians relied on the horse and the buffalo to meet economic needs. 2 Trace the impact of American westward expansion on the frontier and on the decline of Native American cultures Identify economic reasons for westward movement of American settlers. Discuss how the boom in gold and silver changed the West. Discuss why farmers and other settlers moved west. Compare the contribution of cattle ranchers, miners, and farmers to the development of the region. Trace the development of conflicts between Native Americans and white settlers west of the Mississippi. Describe the promises the government made to Native Americans. Explain why the buffalo began to disappear. Discuss why the Indian way of life ended. 3

4 6.2.9 Trace the rise of the railroad and assess its impact on the growth of industry. List factors that led to the networking of rail lines after Identify strategies used by railroad executives to eliminate competition. 3 Analyze the impact of the rise of industry on the American way of life in the late 1800 s Identify captains of industry and describe their role in big business. Describe how railroads supported the growth of the economy. Identify factors which led to the growth of the steel industry after the Civil War. Explain the role of Andrew Carnegie, J. Pierpont Morgan and John D. Rockefeller in the rise of big business. Summarize the arguments for and against trusts. 4

5 Explain how new technologies impacted Americans at home. 3 Analyze the impact of the rise of industry on the American way of life in the late 1800 s Identify inventions, new industries, and ways of doing business. Analyze the working conditions that led to the formation of labor unions. Discuss the changes brought about in American businesses by new inventions and industries. Summarize changes in American life and work brought about by new technologies in communication and transportation. Explain how workplace conditions led to the rise of labor groups as the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor. Describe the special problems faced by women and minority groups in the workforce. Relate why organized labor was not well received after 1870 s. 5

6 4 Investigate the effects of immigration on American culture. Identify reasons why immigrants came to the United States Trace immigration patterns and area of settlement. Identify push factors which drove many people to leave their native countries. Discuss pull factors which attracted immigrants to life in the United States. Explain shifting patterns in immigration from 1861 to Identify areas of immigrant entry to the United States and areas of settlement. Describe city settlement patterns and the impact of immigrant families. 6

7 4 Investigate the effects of immigration on American culture Examine problems faced by immigrants following their arrival in the United States. Identify the hardships faced by new immigrants in providing housing, health care, and education for their families. Discuss the role of settlement houses and the work of reformers in providing for immigrant needs. Summarize the discrimination faced by immigrants in the workplace. Explain why some Americans opposed increased immigration Recognize and appraise contributions of immigrants to American society. Discuss how the arrival of immigrants changed American society. Identify immigrants who made notable contributions in American business, education, and politics. 7

8 7.3.9 Discuss various cultural aspects of American life in the 1890 s. Explain how education became more widely available and the impact education had on American society. List the forms of entertainment city dwellers enjoyed. 5 Examine the cultural attitudes held by Americans during the 1890 s. Discuss the growing popularity of sports. Discuss how the United States expanded its economic and political influence in the late 1800 s Describe reasons for America s imperialistic attitude and its impact as a world power. Summarize how the United States gained influence in the Pacific with the take over of Hawaii and Samoa. Explain how the Spanish- American War led to an expanding role in global affairs for the United States. Describe the policies followed by the United States in Latin America and their impact. 8

9 5.3.9 Identify the goals of the Progressive Movement and the abuses the movement attempted to correct. Discuss issues relating to the regulation of big business and the spoils system. Discuss how cities, states, and Congress answered the call for reform. 6 Describe the causes and effects of the Progressive Movement Identify groups affected by Progressive reforms and analyze the extent to which the reforms were successful. Describe how the role of women in American society changed during the Progressive movement. Discuss the struggles faced by African Americans, Mexican Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans during this era Identify major leaders of the Progressive Movement. Explain how journalists/muckrakers helped to shape the reform movement. Discuss the role of Theodore Roosevelt in the reform of big business, conservation, and consumerism. Explain why the Progressives formed their own political party. 9

10 Identify events that led to the outbreak of war in Europe in List causes of World War I. Describe how the early fighting progressed in Europe. 7 Evaluate the motivating factors for U.S. involvement in World War I and the war s impact on American society. Trace the movement of the United States from neutrality to the declaration of war Describe the effects of the war on American culture and society. Discuss how President Wilson tried to bring about peace. Explain how Germany s use of submarine warfare affected American neutrality. Summarize events leading to American involvement in the war. Describe how the government prepared for and managed the war effort. Explain how Americans responded to the war on the home front. Discuss the role of the American Expeditionary Force in the war effort Identify and evaluate World War I peace plans. Describe President Wilson s Fourteen Point Peace Plan. Explain why many Americans opposed the Treaty of Versailles. 10

11 8 Discuss the social attitudes and technological developments of the Roaring Twenties Identify key changes in American politics in the 1920 s. (i.e. Prohibition, women s suffrage, conservatism, and isolationism) Describe the American economy of the 1920 s and explain how it led to prosperity and depression. Identify scandals that hurt the Republican party in the 1920 s. Discuss the role of the United States in world affairs. Explain the impact of the women s suffrage movement and Prohibition. Explain why the economy experienced rapid growth in the 1920 s. Discuss how the economic boom affected American buying habits Identify changes in American thought and lifestyle. Identify fads and fashions that became popular during the 1920 s. Summarize how the automobile changed American life. Describe how the new writers and the new jazz music affected American culture. 11

12 Examine the causes and effects of the Great Depression. Identify the signs of economic trouble that led to the stock market crash in Explain how the Depression plunged many families into hard times. Describe how President Hoover reacted to the Depression. 9 Explain the economic causes of the Great Depression, its impact, and the effect of the New Deal Evaluate the impact of the Great Depression on American society. Explain how the Depression affected women. Identify political movements that gained influence during the Depression. Discuss how the Depression affected minority groups Assess the effect of the New Deal on the American economy and society. List New Deal programs designed to provide labor reform and social security. Explain why not all Americans supported Roosevelt and the New Deal policies. Describe how the New Deal attempted to help African American and minority groups. 12

13 8.1.9 Sequence the key events leading up to and including World War II. Explain how dictators came to power in German, Italy, and Japan. Describe how aggression led to war in Asia and Europe. 10 Summarize the causes, events, and results of the United States involvement in World War II Examine causes for United States involvement in World War II. Discuss why the United States adopted a policy of isolationism. Explain how the United States supported Great Britain in the war effort. Identify the steps the United States took to mobilize for war. Discuss the events which led the United States to declare war. Analyze the impact of World War II on the United States and its position in the world. Discuss how the United States helped to turn the tide of war in Europe. Explain the role the atomic bomb played in ending the war. Describe the global position held by the United States at the end of World War II. 13

14 Explain how the Cold War began Trace the development of the Cold War, identify events of the era, and analyze its impact. Describe how the United States attempted to stop the spread of communism. 11 Interpret the changes in American foreign policy and domestic life during the Cold War era. Explain why the United States became involved in the Korean War. Discuss the effects Cold War fears had on domestic politics Describe how rising affluence changed the American lifestyle. List factors that helped the economy to grow during the 1950 s. Discuss the impact of the baby boom in the post war period. Explain how American society and culture changed in the 1950 s Examine the causes and impact of the Civil Rights Movement and other movements of dissent in the U S. in the 1950 s. Explain how discrimination affected the lives of minorities in the United States. Discuss the role of the courts in helping minority groups gain civil rights. 14

15 Identify key domestic and foreign policies of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. Identify the goals of Kennedy s New Frontier. Explain how Kennedy handled the Cuban missile crisis. Describe the programs created as part of Johnson s Great Society. 12 Critique the social and political changes that occurred through the 1960 s to the 1980 s Describe how the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. changed in the 1960 s. Explain why Martin Luther King Jr. emerged as a Civil rights leader. List actions taken by African Americans in the 1960 s to secure their rights. Examine steps women and minorities took to improve their lives Cite reasons for U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War and the war s impact on American society. Explain how the United States became involved in the Vietnam War. Describe how Americans at home responded to the war in Vietnam. Analyze the impact the Vietnam War had on the United States and Southeast Asia. 15

16 12 Critique the social and political changes that occurred through the 1960 s to the 1980 s Summarize Nixon s domestic policies and the actions that led to his resignation. Outline significant aspects of the Ford and Carter Administrations. Describe how Nixon dealt with domestic problems. Explain how the Watergate scandal impacted politics. Describe Ford s role in healing the nation. Explain Carter s emphasis on human rights in foreign policy dealings. List actions Carter took to improve the economy. 16

17 Outline the conservative revolution as seen in the programs of Ronald Regan and George H.W. Bush. Explain how Reagan implemented supply-side economics. Identify problems faced by the Bush administration. 13 Chart America s response to the ongoing challenges faced at home and abroad since the 1980 s Summarize the U.S. response to events in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union that led to the end of the Cold War and the breakup of the Soviet Union. Describe conditions that led to the fall of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Explain the role of the United States in the transfer to democratic governments in Europe. Interpret the impact of the U.S. involvement in Middle East crisis. Identify the role the United States played in the Arab-Israeli struggles. Explain how America became involved in Iran and Iraq. 17

18 Describe the domestic, political, economic, and social climate of the late 1990 s. Identify domestic issues facing the United States at the end of the 20 th century. Discuss the challenges faced by the United States as the last super power. 13 Chart America s response to the ongoing challenges faced at home and abroad since the 1980 s. Explain how growing international trade affected the American economy. Explain how the world-wide networking of communication impacted the global society. Summarize the challenges faced by the United States in the new century. Discuss how Americans responded to terrorism. Identify domestic challenges facing the United States. 18