Test Bank. Essentials of American Government Roots and Reform 2011 Edition

Transcription

1 Test Bank to accompany O Connor Sabato Yanus Essentials of American Government Roots and Reform 2011 Edition for National and Texas Editions Prepared by: Karen O Connor and Alixandra B. Yanus Texas chapters prepared by: Jon Ben Sutter Houston Community College Longman New York Boston San Francisco London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal i Copyright 2011, 2009, 2008 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.

2 Test Bank to accompany Essentials of American Government: Roots and Reform, 2011 Edition, by O Connor, Sabato, and Yanus. Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduce portions of this book for classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictly prohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews Longman is an imprint of ISBN: ii Copyright 2011, 2009, 2008 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.

3 Table of Contents Chapter 1: The Political Landscape...1 Chapter 2: The Constitution Chapter 3: Federalism...53 Chapter 4: Civil Liberties...81 Chapter 5: Civil Rights Chapter 6: Congress Chapter 7: The Presidency Chapter 8: The Executive Branch and Federal Bureaucracy Chapter 9: The Judiciary Chapter 10: Public Opinion and News Media Chapter 11: Political Parties and Interest Groups Chapter 12: Campaigns, Elections, and Voting Chapter 13: Social and Economic Policy Chapter 14: Foreign and Defense Policy Chapter 15: The Context for Texas Politics and Government Chapter 16: The Texas Constitution Chapter 17: Local Government and Politics in Texas Chapter 18: The Texas Legislature Chapter 19: The Governor and Bureaucracy in Texas Chapter 20: The Texas Judiciary Chapter 21: Political Parties, Interest Groups, Elections, and Campaigns in Texas iii Copyright 2011, 2009, 2008 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.

4 iv Copyright 2011, 2009, 2008 Pearson Education Inc. All rights reserved.

5 Chapter 1: The Political Landscape Reading Comprehension Quiz Multiple Choice Questions 1) The Preamble to the Constitution begins A) "We the People..." B) "Four score and seven years ago..." C) "When in the course of human events..." D) "In order to form a more perfect Union... E) "These are the times that try men's souls... Reference: LO 1.1, pgs ) Which of the following did NOT lead to American settlement in the seventeenth century? A) Questioning the divine right of kings B) The split from the Church of England C) Belief in self-government D) Belief in intelligent design E) Hobbes and Locke s social contract theories Answer: D Reference: LO 1.1, pgs ) A social contract theory of government was proposed by A) Plato and Aristotle. B) Aquinas and Luther. C) Newton and the separatists. D) Locke and Hobbes. E) Plato and Luther. Answer: D Reference: LO 1.2, pgs Learning Level: Understanding 1

6 4) Locke's Second Treatise on Civil Government sets out a theory of A) the divine rights of kings. B) aristocracy. C) democracy. D) republicanism. E) natural rights. Answer: E Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Indirect democracy is based on A) consensus. B) unanimity. C) the system of government used in ancient Greece. D) representation. E) "mob rule." Answer: D Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Republics are A) representative democracies. B) direct democracies. C) a hallmark of unitary governments. D) frequently found in totalitarian regimes. E) another name for states. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) In an oligarchy, rule is by A) the many. B) the few. C) one person. D) all people. E) people who own property. Answer: B Reference: LO 1.2, pgs

7 8) A doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and can be understood by reason is called A) ethical law. B) contract law. C) natural law. D) Newton's law. E) constitutional law. Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) Who was the major author of the Declaration of Independence? A) George Washington B) James Madison C) Thomas Jefferson D) Benjamin Franklin E) Alexander Hamilton Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) According to the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution, which of the following is NOT an example of a function of American government? A) Promoting the general welfare B) Securing the blessings of liberty C) Ensuring the pursuit of happiness D) Establishing justice E) Insuring domestic tranquility Reference: LO 1.4, pgs ) The fastest growing segment of the U.S. population is A) Asians. B) African Americans. C) Muslims. D) Caucasians. E) Hispanics. Answer: E Reference: LO 1.5, pgs

8 12) The coherent set or system of values and beliefs that shape the thinking of individuals and how they view the world, as well as their beliefs about the purpose and scope of government, is known as A) political theory. B) political ideology. C) sociology. D) political culture. E) political psychology. Answer: B Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) All of the following are among the functions that political scientists attribute to ideologies EXCEPT A) explanation B) evaluation C) orientation D) discrimination E) political programs Answer: D Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) Conservatives generally believe that A) government should guarantee individual rights. B) activist governments are often necessary. C) government should provide only for defense and little else. D) there should be less government intervention in economic affairs. E) government should be abolished. Answer: D Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) Politics, as defined in the text, is A) way too corrupt to attract any good men or women to run for office. B) impossible without government. C) the study of "who gets what, when, and how." D) the province of only the wealthy. E) irrelevant to the modern world. Reference: LO 1.7, pgs

9 True/False Questions 1) Commerce was the most common initial reason for settlement in North America. Reference: LO 1.1, pgs ) John Locke wrote Leviathan, in which he advocated for a strong central government. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed a social contract would provide absolute equality. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Natural law is a doctrine that argues that society should be governed by certain ethical principles. Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) The key functions of American government are found in both the Declaration of Independence and the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution. Reference: LO 1.4, pgs ) African Americans are growing at the quickest rate of all ethnic or racial groups. Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) Recent opinion surveys demonstrate that a majority of Americans favor large families with four or more children. Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) According Isaiah Berlin, science and technology contributed significantly to the political environment of the twentieth century. Reference: LO 1.6, pgs

10 9) Most social conservatives have religious affiliations. Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) According to a 2010 poll, over half of Americans believed that country is headed in the wrong direction. Reference: LO 1.7, pgs Chapter Exam Multiple Choice Questions 1) The Jamestown settlement was funded by A) The Royal Company. B) The Virginia Charter Company. C) The London Company. D) The Blackwall Company. E) The Smith Company. Reference: Chapter Opener, pgs ) The winter of was deemed A) The Starving Time. B) The Rogue Time. C) The Wasting Time. D) The Vanishing Time. E) The Desolate Time. Correct Reference: Chapter Opener, pgs

11 3) Which of the following is the best explanation of why most American Indian reservations are in the West today? A) Tribes had difficulty crossing the Rocky Mountains when they established their settlements. B) European settlers and the U.S. government pushed Indian tribes westward. C) Only the Indian tribes in the West survived after those in the East died of exposure to European disease. D) Indian tribes moved westward in hopes to expand economic power. E) Most American Indian reservations are not in the West. Answer: B Reference: LO 1.1, pgs ) Enlightenment thinkers argued that the world could be improved through A) religious toleration and human reason. B) human reason, science, and religious toleration. C) faith, religion, and divine reason. D) human reason, science, and religious homogeny. E) science and religious toleration. Answer: B Reference: LO 1.1, pgs ) Roger Williams questioned A) the right of colonists to settle on Indian lands. B) God s merciful providence. C) the Puritans merciful ways. D) the Puritans right to split from the Anglican Church. E) the Old Testament. Reference: LO 1.1, pgs ) Which of these settlements was established for religious reasons? A) Jamestown B) Maryland C) New Amsterdam D) New York E) Georgia Answer: B Reference: LO 1.1, pgs

12 7) The House of Burgesses was A) created in B) the Governor s board of advisors. C) the first representative assembly in North America. D) the lawmaking body for the Massachusetts Bay Colony. E) created by the Governor of Virginia. Reference: LO 1.1, pgs ) According to, life without government would be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. A) John Locke B) St. Thomas Aquinas C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau D) Thomas Hobbes E) Aristotle Answer: D Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Hobbes would most likely argue for which of the following forms of government? A) Totalitarianism B) Republicanism C) Aristocracy D) Democracy E) Anarchy Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Jean Jacques Rousseau argued that A) reason, not feeling, is what draws people to life in a community. B) basic rights come from a state of nature. C) society based on a true social contract would provide absolute equality and freedom. D) a monarchy is necessary to restrain humanity s bestial tendencies. E) humanity s natural state was one of violence and war. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs

13 11) Congress s authority to check the president s judicial appointment power is a concept that can be attributed largely to the ideas of A) Thomas Hobbes. B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau. C) John Locke. D) Charles-Louis, the Second Baron of Montesquieu. E) St. Thomas Aquinas. Answer: D Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) A direct democracy is a system A) in which an elite makes decisions for the society. B) in which representatives meet to discuss policy and make decisions. C) in which the masses have certain rights, but decisions are made by a council. D) in which all members of the polity meet to discuss policy and make decisions. E) that was used by a majority of the colonies. Answer: D Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Why was indirect democracy a necessary alternative to direct democracy? A) The people were deemed too ignorant to be involved directly with government. B) It became increasingly difficult to bring all the colonists together in the decision-making process. C) The religious tendencies of the colonists caused them to rebel against the Greek model of democracy. D) The colonies sought to follow the teachings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. E) The wealthier and more educated citizens changed the system so they could wield more power. Answer: B Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Iraq under the leadership of Saddam Hussein was an example of A) a totalitarian system of government. B) a democratic system of government. C) an oligarchic system of government. D) a monarchic system of government. E) an aristocratic system of government. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs

14 15) Aristotle attempted to devise a way to classify governments. Critical to his analyses was knowledge of A) if the government was a monarchy. B) how many people ruled in an oligarchy. C) how democracies could be ruled by the few. D) whom citizens were ruled by and in whose interest. E) if governments were ruled by wise leaders. Answer: D Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) According to Aristotle's classifications of government, rule by a few whose interests are served by the public is A) an aristocracy. B) a dictatorship. C) a democracy. D) a monarchy. E) an oligarchy. Answer: E Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Which of the following does NOT describe democracy? A) It exists in a direct form in the federal government of United States. B) It can be both direct and indirect. C) It is one of Aristotle s classifications of government. D) It is similar to a polity in terms of who governs. E) It is the most common form of government in the world. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) American political culture embodies many key concepts including I. absolute personal liberty. II. political equality. III. majority rule. IV. individualism. A) I only B) I and II C) III and IV D) I, II, and III E) II, III, and IV Answer: E Reference: LO 1.3, pgs

15 19) The expanded Americans' conceptions of personal liberty to include some forms of freedom from discrimination. A) Declaration of Independence B) Fourteenth Amendment C) Preamble to the Constitution D) idea of majority rule E) idea of equality Answer: B Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) The idea that governments draw legitimacy and power from the governed is referred to as A) majority rule. B) direct democracy. C) capitalism. D) popular consent. E) popular control. Answer: D Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) The Fourteenth Amendment can be considered a counter to which of the following tenets of American political culture? A) Political equality B) Individualism C) Religious freedom D) Majority rule E) Personal equality Answer: D Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) The American emphasis on the importance of the individual is rooted in the principle of A) popular consent. B) political equality. C) majority rule. D) indirect democracy. E) political culture. Answer: B Reference: LO 1.3, pgs

16 23) The idea of popular sovereignty can first be found in the A) Mayflower Compact. B) Declaration of Independence. C) U.S. Constitution. D) Gettysburg Address. E) Voting Rights Act. Answer: B Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) The Framers agreed that the new nation had to be founded on notions of A) religious tolerance. B) religious faith. C) racial tolerance. D) racial freedom. E) religious freedom. Answer: E Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) The creation of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is an example of the national government attempting to I. establish justice. II. secure the blessings of liberty. III. promote the general welfare. IV. insure domestic tranquility. A) I only B) II and III C) I, II, and III D) I, III, and IV E) I, II, III, and IV Answer: D Reference: LO 1.4, pgs ) The Constitution initially mandated that each member of the House of Representatives should represent citizens. A) 200,000 B) 130,000 C) 60,000 D) 30,000 E) 100,000 Answer: D Reference: LO 1.5, pgs

17 27) Today, a single member of the House of Representatives may represent as many as citizens. A) 420,000 B) 620,000 C) 800,000 D) almost 1 million E) almost 3 million Answer: D Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) In general, the U.S. population is I. mostly under the age of thirty. II. getting older. III. becoming less diverse. IV. less affected by immigration than in earlier years. A) I only B) II only C) III only D) II and IV E) III and II Answer: B Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) According to the text, a powerful national government is likely to meet opposition in which of the following regions of the United States? I. South II. Northeast III. Midwest IV. West A) I and II B) II and III C) I and IV D) I, II, and II E) I, II, and IV Reference: LO 1.5, pgs

18 30) The percentage of households in the United States consisting of a single person is nearly percent. A) 10 B) 20 C) 30 D) 40 E) 50 Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) According to the definition in the text, political ideologies are sets of beliefs that I. shape the thinking of individuals and how they view the world. II. are affected only by historical forces. III. affect how people deal with relations between men and women. IV. have little to do with feelings of nationalism. A) I only B) II and III C) II and IV D) I and III E) I, II, and IV Answer: D Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) According to Isaiah Berlin, a noted historian and philosopher, two factors, above all, have shaped human history in the twentieth century. They are A) science and technology, and trade. B) science and technology, and religion. C) religion and ideology. D) science and technology, and ideology. E) trade and ideology. Answer: D Reference: LO 1.6, pgs

19 33) The reason that some pro-choice conservative voters may choose pro-choice liberal candidates over other conservatives is most closely related to which of the following functions of ideology? A) Explanation B) Evaluation C) Orientation D) Political programs E) Conservative ideals Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) Which of the following public policies would social conservatives be most likely to support? A) Efforts to restrict abortion and ban same-sex marriage. B) Decreasing defense spending C) Prohibiting any references to God or religion on money or government buildings D) Universal healthcare provided by the government E) Regulating the banking and financial sectors Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) Social conservatives, who now form a large part of the base of the Republican Party, often are also members of A) religious organizations. B) programs seeking to expand welfare programs. C) groups seeking to keep government out of Americans private lives. D) groups seeking to enhance marriage by allowing domestic partnerships. E) pro-choice groups. Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) Liberals A) believe individuals should look to churches and other social services organizations instead of the government for assistance. B) are comfortable with the social status quo. C) generally favor government intervention to promote equality. D) seek to end costly welfare programs. E) are more likely to vote Republican than Democratic. Reference: LO 1.6, pgs

20 37) Liberals often favor I. spending on social programs. II. more lenient enforcement of laws such as the USA Patriot Act. III. increased involvement of churches as the first line of defense for the poor. IV. affirmative action programs to help make up for economic injustices. A) II only B) I, II, and IV C) I, III, and IV D) II, III and IV E) I, II, III, and IV Answer: B Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) Moderates A) are most aligned with the views of Rush Limbaugh and Ann Coulter. B) comprise over half of the U.S. population. C) largely support an overhaul of the welfare system. D) believe that a temperate view is the best approach to politics. E) created the Tea Party movement. Answer: D Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) Moderates fall to the of the political spectrum. A) far left B) left C) center D) right E) far right Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) According to the text, which of the following is an ideology that political scientists generally do not measure? A) Moderate B) Liberal C) Fiscal conservative D) Social conservative E) Libertarian Answer: E Reference: LO 1.6, pgs

21 41) Getting married, buying a house with a white picket fence, and having the ability to pay for children s college is one way a person may view what is/are termed the A) American norms. B) American dream. C) American ideals. D) American standard of living. E) American illusion. Answer: B Reference: LO 1.7, pgs ) Nearly of people in a 2009 survey did NOT believe they had achieved the American dream. A) half B) two-thirds C) 70 percent D) 20 percent E) one-quarter Reference: LO 1.7, pgs ) Over time, Americans expectations of government have generally A) increased. B) remained the same. C) decreased. D) been eliminated. E) not been measured. Reference: LO 1.7, pgs ) Americans faith in institutions in the United States has A) remained stagnant over time. B) generally increased. C) generally decreased. D) decreased for some and increased for others. E) fluctuated, depending on the political climate. Reference: LO 1.7, pgs

22 45) Americans have the highest levels of trust in A) medicine. B) Congress. C) the executive branch. D) business and industry. E) the press. Reference: LO 1.7, pgs True/False Questions 1) In December 1606, three ships set sail from Blackwall, England, to America in search of religious freedom. Reference: Chapter Opener, pgs ) The conditions in the Jamestown settlement allowed the colonists to thrive with little difficulty. Reference: Chapter Opener, pgs ) Even though the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop in 1612 brought economic prosperity, the conditions in Jamestown remained dismal. Reference: Chapter Opener, pgs ) Indigenous peoples had been living in North America for more than 30,000 years before the arrival of the first European colonists. Reference: LO 1.1, pgs ) Delaware was established as a Catholic colony. Reference: LO 1.1, pgs

23 6) Anne Hutchinson would have believed that a woman should be fully subservient to her husband. Reference: LO 1.1, pgs ) The Mayflower Compact was a social contract. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) According to Thomas Hobbes, the state of nature is peaceful coexistence. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) The Declaration of Independence was heavily influenced by John Locke. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) A theocratic government with absolute power is a totalitarian regime. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) The term popular sovereignty did not come into wide use until pre Civil War debates over slavery. Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) Majority rule is a core American political value. Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) Popular sovereignty has its basis in natural law. Reference: LO 1.3, pgs

24 14) The inalienable rights described by Thomas Jefferson are most directly based on the ideas of Thomas Hobbes. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs. 7-10; LO 1.3, pgs ) Although one of the functions of American government is to establish justice, the U.S. Constitution mentions nothing about its administration. Reference: LO 1.4, pgs ) Promoting the general welfare is a function of the national government. Reference: LO 1.4, pgs ) Immigration to the United States peaked in the first decade of the 1900s when nearly 9 million people, a majority of them from Latin America, entered the country. Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) The first of the Baby Boomers became eligible for Social Security in Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) Majorities of Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, and Hindu individuals have established roots in the United States. Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) The notion of southern states opposing a national takeover of health care parallels the views of their representatives during the Constitutional Convention. Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) Political ideologies do not play a major role in American politics because only a small number of Americans associate themselves with a particular ideology. Reference: LO 1.6, pgs

25 22) Liberals often believe that the government should intervene in the economy. Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) Conservatives tend to believe that government is best that governs least. Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) Libertarians would likely advocate for the USA PATRIOT Act. Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) Politics are unaffected by the evolving nature of the American citizenry. Reference: LO 1.7, pgs ) The federal government had enormous responsibilities toward its citizens in the first 150 years of our nation s history. Reference: LO 1.7, pgs ) There is little contradiction in citizens expectations of government. Reference: LO 1.7, pgs Short Answer Questions 1) What were some of the primary reasons that colonists settled in America? Reference: LO 1.1, pgs ) Explain the effect of the Enlightenment on the development of theories of democratic thought. Reference: LO 1.1, pgs

26 3) What is social contract theory? Reference: LO 1.1, pgs ) Explain briefly how Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau, and Charles-Louis, the Second Baron of Montesquieu, each influenced American government. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Why did early American political theorists prefer the concept of a republic over a democracy? Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Compare and contrast tyranny, oligarchy, and democracy. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Compare and contrast the ideas of direct and indirect democracy. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) American democracy has several key concepts. Your textbook lists six. Discuss three of these. Which are most important, and how have they influenced the development of the American polity? Reference: LO 1.3, pgs Skill: Evaluation 9) Briefly discuss in what ways America's emphasis on individualism as a core concept differs from that of many other nations that place greater value on group rights. Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) Is America's brand of democracy easily exported? Why or why not? Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ) Growing numbers of commentators have noted the increased role of religion in American politics. "Values" issues, such as same-sex marriage, abortion, and the use of stem cells, often seem to trump other important issues, such as the war in Afghanistan or corruption. Is the role of religion in politics a new thing? Does religion have an appropriate place in law making or interpretation by the Supreme Court? Reference: LO 1.3, pgs ; LO 1.5, pgs Skill: Evaluation 22

27 12) Explain the functions of American government found in the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution. Reference: LO 1.4, pgs ) Discuss three specific examples of how American government promotes the general welfare of U.S. citizens. Is the government effective in doing so? Reference: LO 1.4, pgs Skill: Evaluation 14) About 40 percent of Americans under age 25 (excluding illegal aliens) are members of a minority group. How will this ultimately affect politics in the United States? Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) What is political ideology? Give an example of how a particular political ideology might color one's thinking about stem cell research. Reference: LO 1.6, pgs , Application 16) What is a libertarian? Reference: LO 1.6, pgs ) How have Americans expectations of their government changed over time, and why? Reference: LO 1.7, pgs Essay Questions 1) Compare and contrast the theories of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. Be sure to discuss how each theorist has affected the American system of government. Reference: LO 1.2, pgs ) Some scholars have commented that the Declaration of Independence is pure Locke. What evidence is there for this contention? Provide three examples. Do you agree or disagree with this assessment? Reference: LO 1.2, pgs Skill: Evaluation 3) What are the characteristics of American democracy? In your opinion, should some of these characteristics take precedence over others? How might this occur? Reference: LO 1.3, pgs

28 Skill: Evaluation 4) Immigration, especially across our southern borders, continues to divide the citizenry, the political parties, and the president. Some scholars believe that this new wave of immigration is particularly harmful to the continued maintenance of American values. Do you agree or disagree with these concerns? Make sure to use examples to support your answer. Reference: LO 1.3, pgs Skill: Evaluation 5) As noted in the text, the Framers set out several key functions of government that later found their way into the Preamble of the Constitution. Discuss what at least three of these functions mean in terms of American democracy. Reference: LO 1.4, pgs ) Explain what the Framers meant by securing the blessings of liberty and discuss how far a government should go to ensure citizens liberty. Reference: LO 1.4, pgs , Evaluation 7) How is the racial and ethnic make-up of the United States changing, and what are the consequences of these changes for public policy? Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) Why are there regional and sectional differences within American political culture? Explain how these differences arose. Reference: LO 1.5, pgs ) Political scientists note that ideologies perform four key functions. After discussing each function, decide and explain which most affects your own ideology. Reference: LO 1.6, pgs , Evaluation 10) What is a political ideology? Describe the differences among liberal, conservative, and libertarian ideologies. What policy positions are members of these groups likely to support? Reference: LO 1.6, pgs , Analysis 11) Discuss why the labels of conservative and liberal may be misleading. Reference: LO 1.6, pgs Skill: Evaluation 24

29 Chapter 2: The Constitution Reading Comprehension Quiz Multiple Choice Questions 1) Eighteen to 21-year-olds received the right to vote with ratification of the A) Constitution. B) Bill of Rights. C) Twenty-Sixth Amendment. D) Nineteenth Amendment. E) Twenty-Fifth Amendment. Reference: Chapter Opener, pgs ) Great Britain used the principle of mercantilism to justify A) its legal authority over the colonies. B) its assistance in the French and Indian Wars. C) strict import/export controls on the colonies. D) allowing colonists to levy their own taxes. E) westward migration and settlement. 3) In 1765, the American colonists initiated a major protest against the A) Treaty of Paris. B) Quartering Act. C) Sugar Act. D) Tea Act. E) Stamp Act. Answer: E 25

30 4) To facilitate communication and the flow of information among independence-minded colonists, colonial leaders formed the A) Sisters of Liberty. B) Committees of Correspondence. C) Continental Congress. D) Stamp Act Congress. E) Thomas Paine Society. Answer: B 5) The "shot heard round the world" was fired at A) Saratoga, New York. B) Camden, New Jersey. C) Concord, Massachusetts. D) Yorktown, Virginia. E) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 6) Which of the following BEST describes the relationships among states under the Articles of Confederation? A) A strong constitutional system B) A form of government modeled after Canada C) A life-long rivalry D) A loose league of friendship E) An interdependent, cohesive partnership Answer: D Reference: LO 2.2, pgs ) The 1786 rebellion in which an army of 1,500 disgruntled farmers marched on Springfield, Massachusetts, to prevent foreclosure on their farms was called A) Shays's Rebellion. B) Paul Revere's Ride. C) Bacon's Rebellion. D) the Battle of Lexington and Concord. E) the Second Boston Tea Party. Reference: LO 2.2, pgs

31 8) The original purpose of the Constitutional Convention was to A) elevate George Washington to president. B) revise the Articles of Confederation. C) write a new constitution. D) add additional states to the new nation. E) resolve trade disputes among the states. Answer: B Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) A committee was appointed at the Constitutional Convention to work out the differences between the proposals of large and small states; the result was the A) Virginia Plan. B) New Jersey Plan. C) Great Compromise. D) Electoral College. E) Bill of Rights. Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) The Electoral College system created by the Framers was designed to give A) federal government the preeminent role in choosing the president. B) states a key role in choosing the president. C) average voters the decisive power in choosing the president. D) electors the power to choose members of Congress. E) the Supreme Court a role in choosing the president. Answer: B Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) The system of government in which power is divided between the state and national governments is called A) federalism. B) unitarism. C) pluralism. D) confederation. E) constitutionalism. 27

32 12) The is empowered by the Constitution to make all federal laws. A) federal bureaucracy B) judicial branch C) legislative branch D) executive branch E) Electoral College 13) Without the supremacy clause, A) state laws could supersede national law. B) states could impeach U.S. Supreme Court justices. C) federal government could enact laws dealing with education. D) international law would be supreme to acts of Congress. E) local law could supersede state law. 14) The series of 85 political papers written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison in support of ratification of the new constitution are called the A) Pennsylvania Packet. B) Federalist Papers. C) Anti-Federalist Papers. D) Crisis. E) Common Sense. Answer: B Reference: LO 2.5, pgs ) The amendment process for the Constitution is set out in Article V and creates a A) two-stage process of proposal and ratification. B) fairly easy procedure for changing the document. C) single-stage process utilizing conventions or Congress. D) process by which the states, Congress, the executive branch, and a majority of voters must agree on changes to the document. E) process of congressional approval and presidential signing into law. Reference: LO 2.6, pgs

33 16) Informal methods of amending the Constitution include A) social change, judicial interpretation, and acts of Congress. B) judicial interpretation and cultural and social change. C) executive orders. D) acts of state legislatures. E) a national referendum and/or initiative. Answer: B Reference: LO 2.6, pgs ) The First Amendment of the Constitution provides for which of the following? A) Freedom of assembly B) Right to bear arms C) Right to vote D) Right to an attorney E) Federal form of government Reference: Annotated Constitution, pgs True/False Questions 1) The Committees of Correspondence were established to communicate ideas among the colonies. 2) Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense to argue for American independence from Great Britain. 3) The 1787 Convention in Philadelphia was called for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) To appease southern states, slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person for representation purposes. Reference: LO 2.3, pgs

34 5) Article II of the Constitution vests the executive power in a president. 6) Article I of the Constitution creates the U.S. Supreme Court. 7) In Federalist No. 10, Madison argued that the greatest threat to individual liberty comes from factions within the government. Reference: LO 2.5, pgs ) The U.S. Constitution has been regularly rewritten. Reference: LO 2.5, pgs ) The Constitution has only changed through formal amendments. Reference: LO 2.5, pgs ) Originally, electors did not vote for the president and vice president separately. Reference: Annotated Constitution, pgs

35 Chapter Exam Multiple Choice Questions 1) Before ratification of the Twenty-Sixth Amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that A) states could not have a voting age requirement different than twenty-one. B) states could prohibit those under twenty-one from voting in state and local elections. C) poll taxes were unconstitutional unless applied to voters between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one. D) states had the final say on voting requirements in both local and national elections. E) Oregon s voting laws were unconstitutional. Answer: B Reference: Chapter Opener, pgs ) By the early 1760s, all colonies had A) drafted their own constitutions. B) abolished religious freedom. C) grown closer to the Crown in spite of the distance. D) begun to enforce feudal craft systems. E) continued the British practice of compulsory tithing. 3) Modern trade agreements designed to balance the flow of goods among countries have their theoretical roots in A) interventionism. B) the goals of the Treaty of Paris of C) constitutionalism. D) mercantilism. E) the full faith and credit clause of the U.S. Constitution. Answer: D 31

36 4) Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams were among the leaders of the A) Sons of Liberty. B) Stamp Act Congress. C) Philadelphia Parliament. D) Continental Congress. E) Virginia House of Burgesses. 5) The first official meeting of the thirteen colonies was the A) Continental Congress. B) Sons and Daughters of Liberty. C) Committees of Correspondence. D) Stamp Act Congress. E) Constitutional Convention. Answer: D 6) The Boston Tea Party was a A) celebration conducted after the end of the Revolutionary War. B) colonial response to the Intolerable Acts. C) response to the Tea Act, which lowered the price of tea for loyalists in the southern states. D) response to the Tea Act, which penalized many colonial merchants. E) meeting of reconciliation between the crown and colonial leaders. Answer: D 7) The First Continental Congress was called to A) iron out differences with the king. B) author a Declaration of Independence. C) respond to taxes levied by the Stamp Act. D) address the fighting at Lexington and Concord. E) respond to the Boston Massacre. 32

37 8) At the First Continental Congress, there were delegates from A) every colony except New York. B) every colony except Rhode Island. C) all thirteen colonies. D) all the colonies and a representative of the king. E) every colony except Georgia. Answer: E 9) In 1776, Thomas Paine authored a pamphlet arguing for colonial independence from Britain entitled A) The Plain Truth. B) The Crisis. C) The Leviathan. D) Common Sense. E) A Treatise on Government. Answer: D 10) Delegates to the Second Continental Congress formed a Committee of Five to write the Declaration of Independence. The committee's chair was A) Benjamin Franklin. B) James Madison. C) Thomas Jefferson. D) Samuel Adams. E) John Adams. 11) The words and ideas of political philosopher John Locke flow through A) the Olive Branch Petition. B) the Declaration of Independence. C) The Crisis. D) the Articles of Confederation. E) the Stamp Act. Answer: B 33

38 12) A political cartoon in the text depicts President Barack Obama s policies as A) necessary actions by the U.S. government. B) contrary to the original motives of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. C) constitutional methods to affect change. D) literal interpretations of the Declaration of Independence. E) a contradictory mix of socialism and communism. Answer: B 13) A type of government in which the national government is weaker than the sum of its parts is called a A) confederation. B) federal system. C) unitary system. D) democracy. E) republic. Reference: LO 2.2, pgs ) Advocates of the Tea Party movement, who advocate strongly for states rights, would MOST likely support which of the following types of government? A) Confederation B) Federal system C) Unitary system D) Republicanism E) Communitarianism Reference: LO 2.2, pgs ) Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government had the power to do all of the following EXCEPT I. control a post office. II. directly elect members of Congress. III. negotiate peace treaties. IV. ratify constitutional amendments. A) II only B) III only C) I and II. D) II and IV E) I, II, III, and IV Answer: D Reference: LO 2.2, pgs

39 16) In 1781, the thirteen colonies adopted the as the basis of their government. A) Constitution B) Treaty of Paris C) Articles of Confederation D) Declaration of Independence E) New Jersey Plan Reference: LO 2.2, pgs ) Under the Articles of Confederation, the executive branch was A) relatively weak. B) nonexistent. C) quite strong. D) responsible for executing all laws. E) able to raise a national army. Answer: B Reference: LO 2.2, pgs ) Pennsylvania and Virginia actually went to war with one another due in large part to the lack of in the Articles of Confederation. A) a judiciary to resolve conflicts B) a national military to appease rebellions C) a chief executive to enforce order D) taxation provisions E) proportional representation in the Congress Reference: LO 2.2, pgs ) One of the Articles of Confederation's greatest weaknesses was that it A) had no strong central government. B) had a strong president. C) had the ability to coin money. D) had a legislature that refused to meet. E) created a tyrannical central government. Reference: LO 2.2, pgs

40 20) Some delegates to the Constitutional Convention believed that the new nation was in such dire straits that they were willing to A) take up arms against Indians on the western front. B) develop a looser league of friendship among the states. C) risk potential charges of treason. D) muzzle Benjamin Franklin. E) establish an American "monarchy." Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) Debate among political historians continues over the motives of the Framers. Charles Beard argues that the men in Philadelphia were A) all patriots who had fought in the war. B) largely farmers who favored existing arrangements. C) worried that slavery was having a negative impact on trade relations with other nations. D) concerned with establishing a direct democracy. E) concerned that the Articles failed to protect the interests of the business class. Answer: E Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) The bicameral U.S. Congress is a byproduct of which of the following proposals? A) The Virginia Plan B) The Missouri Compromise C) The New Jersey Plan D) The Connecticut Plan E) Amendments to the Articles of Confederation Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) Larger states, such as Virginia and Pennsylvania, advocated for A) powerful state governments. B) a powerful national government. C) a judiciary elected directly by the people. D) a one-house legislature composed of representatives elected by state legislatures. E) strengthening, but not rewriting, the Articles of Confederation. Answer: B Reference: LO 2.3, pgs

41 24) The smaller states presented a plan at the Constitutional Convention basically advocating the strengthening of the Articles of Confederation. The plan was presented by A) Rhode Island. B) New Jersey. C) Texas. D) Virginia. E) Delaware. Answer: B Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) The most serious disagreement in the debate between large and small states at the Constitutional Convention was over the issue of A) representation in Congress. B) judicial power. C) westward expansion. D) taxation. E) creating a Supreme Court. Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) Of the following components of the Great Compromise, which concept is derived from the Virginia Plan? I. A bicameral legislature II. Three branches of government III. Supremacy of the national government IV. Giving the U.S. House of Representatives the power to originate spending bills A) III only B) I and II C) I, II, and IV D) I, II, and III E) I, II, III, and IV Answer: D Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) Why did southern states want slaves to be counted as part of their population? A) It would ensure that slaves would receive certain inalienable rights. B) Northerners were advocating for the deportation of slave labor. C) It would increase southern representation in the House of Representatives. D) Slaves could then be forced to serve in the military. E) The South would then have a greater number of voters. Reference: LO 2.3, pgs

42 28) The Three-Fifths Compromise was a deal to A) iron out the differences between slave-holding and non-slave-holding states. B) give northern and southern states equal representation in the House of Representatives. C) determine how a chief executive would be selected. D) iron out differences between greatly populated and sparsely populated states. E) ultimately create the Electoral College. Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) The Committee on Unfinished Portions was tasked with ironing out problems concerning A) judicial powers. B) the slave trade. C) election of the legislature. D) the executive branch. E) small-state representation in the Senate. Answer: D Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) The sole responsibility to try a president or vice president on charges of "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors" falls to the A) House of Representatives. B) state legislatures. C) Supreme Court. D) federal court system. E) Senate. Answer: E Reference: LO 2.3, pgs ) Montesquieu urged that governments should include a system of to give the three branches some degree of oversight and control of each other. A) federalism B) checks and balances C) command and control D) social contract E) constitutional safeguards Answer: B 38

43 32) The principles of separation of powers and checks and balances originated with A) Machiavelli. B) Rousseau. C) Montesquieu. D) Voltaire. E) Locke. 33) The division of authority among the three branches of government is called A) federalism. B) pluralism. C) separation of powers. D) compromise. E) gridlock. 34) Under the No Child Left Behind Act, states have the authority to design their educational systems as they wish, but they must comply with certain national standards to receive funding. This division of power is an example of A) federalism. B) unitarism. C) pluralism. D) confederation. E) constitutionalism. 35) Which Article of the Constitution establishes the legislative branch? A) Article I B) Article II C) Article III D) Article IV E) Article V 39

44 36) The president has a list of enumerated duties of office largely found in of the U.S. Constitution. A) Article I B) Article II C) Article III D) Article IV E) Article V Answer: B 37) The power to regulate car emissions comes from Congress's authority A) under the necessary and proper clause. B) as enumerated in the Constitution. C) to approve presidential appointments. D) under the power to tax clause. E) to make the federal budget. 38) Former governor Arnold Schwarzenegger cannot become president because A) governors from large states often find it difficult to be elected. B) the Constitution prohibits those who are not natural-born citizens from running for the presidency. C) voters are likely to be suspicious of his motives as a naturalized citizen. D) he first would have to serve in Congress for fourteen years. E) he does not meet the age requirement to be president. Answer: B 39) The proposed Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment would A) require that women hold 50 percent of seats in the legislature. B) allow foreign-born citizens to run for president. C) repeal age requirements for holding certain political positions. D) create a presidential recall. E) allow members of Congress to also serve as state governors. Answer: B 40) U.S. Supreme Court justices are appointed by the A) president. B) Cabinet. 40

45 C) states. D) House of Representatives. E) Senate. 41) The full faith and credit clause found in Article IV requires that A) Americans remain faithful to one God and tithe to their church. B) no state may coin its own currency. C) states generally honor the laws and rulings of other states. D) federal courts have the right to resolve issues of state law. E) all fifty states create a republican form of government. 42) Honoring out-of-state driver s licenses is an example of the consequences of A) the supremacy clause. B) sovereign immunity. C) checks and balances. D) the full faith and credit clause. E) federalism. Answer: D 43) Those who favored ratification of the Constitution were known as A) Whigs. B) Democratic-Republicans. C) Anti-Federalists. D) Tories. E) Federalists. Answer: E Reference: LO 2.5, pgs ) The Anti-Federalists feared A) a confederacy. B) amendments. C) strong central government. D) checks and balances. E) separation of powers. Reference: LO 2.5, pgs

46 45) All of the following were differences between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists EXCEPT A) the Federalists were generally landed and rich, while the Anti-Federalists were small farmers. B) the Federalists were generally elitist, while the Anti-Federalists were common men. C) the Federalists generally favored the philosophy of John Jay, while the Anti-Federalists favored Alexander Hamilton. D) the Federalists favored centralized government, while the Anti-Federalists favored decentralized government. E) the Federalists favored the British, while the Anti-Federalists favored the French. Reference: LO 2.5, pgs ) The Anti-Federalists demanded a series of amendments to the Constitution to protect individual liberties known as A) the libertarian amendments. B) the Anti-Federalist amendments. C) the Bill of Rights. D) Mr. Madison's Mistake. E) the confederation amendments. Reference: LO 2.5, pgs ) The pen names Brutus and Cato are a specific reflection of the Anti-Federalists A) fear of a too powerful national government. B) attempts to establish Roman law. C) desire for a uniform tax code. D) argument against a Bill of Rights in the proposed Constitution. E) desire to create a happy combination of state and national government. Reference: LO 2.5, pgs ) The Women's Christian Temperance Union was a major force behind passage of the A) Fourteenth Amendment. B) Fifteenth Amendment. C) Seventeenth Amendment. D) Eighteenth Amendment. E) Nineteenth Amendment. Answer: D Reference: LO 2.6, pgs

47 49) The Equal Rights Amendment A) was the last amendment added to the Constitution. B) failed to gain passage in both houses of Congress. C) failed to win approval by the requisite number of states. D) would allow for same-sex marriages. E) would prohibit flag burning. Reference: LO 2.6, pgs ) Yale law professor Bruce Ackerman argues that the Constitution can be changed A) by extraordinary times calling for extraordinary measures. B) only by the formal amendment process. C) by decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court. D) by powerful presidential actions. E) by public opinion polls. Reference: LO 2.6, pgs ) The Fifth Amendment of the Constitution deals largely with rights of A) gun ownership. B) criminal defendants. C) quartering of soldiers. D) immigrants. E) free speech. Answer: B Reference: Annotated Constitution, pgs True/False Questions 1) Following a Supreme Court decision in the 1970s, citizens under twenty-one were eligible to vote in national elections in some states. Reference: Chapter Opener, pgs ) The Twenty-Sixth Amendment lowered the national voting age to eighteen. Reference: Chapter Opener, pgs