Politics as Usual. Part 1: Unity vs. Opposition
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1 Politics as Usual Part 1: Unity vs. Opposition
2 Monday, February 27 th COMING SOON: Essay #2 due at the START of labs on March 15 th or 16 th Remember to submit paper via blackboards Turn-It- In function before labs and hard copy at the start of labs. Failure to do both will result in a late penalty or not accepted at all. Don t forget to come into the American Heritage Review Room (173 A SWKT) for help on papers and concepts
3 The Birth of Political Parties Federalists vs Democratic Republicans Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson
4 Federalists vs Democratic Republicans Strong central government Broad interpretation of Constitution ( implied powers ) Pro-Market (Hamilton s economic plan) Pro-Britain John Adams Alexander Hamilton That government is best that governs least Strict interpretation of Constitution Pro-Agrarianism (Jefferson) Pro-France Thomas Jefferson James Madison
5 Hamilton vs Jefferson: Broad vs Strict Construction Every power vested in a government is in its nature sovereign and includes by force of the term a right to employ all the means requisite and fairly applicable to the attainment of the ends of such power. Government measures must be necessary not just convenient
6 Hamilton s America
7 Jefferson s America
8 Sources of Party Bitterness Jay s Treaty with Britain Alien and Sedition Acts Partisan newspapers
9 Jay s treaty, 1795 Britain agreed to withdraw from forts in US territory, but exacted humiliating economic and trade concessions. Graffiti appearing on wall near Jay s house: Damn John Jay. Damn everyone that won t damn John Jay. Damn everyone that won t put up lights in the windows and sit up all night damning John Jay.
10 Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 Naturalization Act Extended time for full citizenship from 5 to 14 years Alien Act Gave president power to deport, without trial, foreign-born citizens considered a threat to the country Alien Enemies Act Gave president power to label as enemy aliens any resident of a nation with whom US was at war Sedition Act Made punishable any false, scandalous or malicious writing or speech against US or Congress
11 Campaign Song: Jefferson and Liberty The gloomy night before us flies The reign of terror now is o er No gags, inquisitors and spies The herds of harpies are no more
12 Experience should teach us to be most on our guard when the government s purposes are beneficent. Men born to freedom are naturally alert to repel invasion of their liberty by evil-minded rulers. But the greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning, but without understanding. --Louis Brandeis, Olmstead v. U.S., 1928
13 Partisan Newspapers
14 Unity vs Loyal Opposition However [parties] may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people, and to usurp for themselves the reins of Government; destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion. George Washington
15 From Deference to Democracy
16 The Great Chain of Being
17 iclicker quiz: Who said GOD ALMIGHTY in His most holy and wise providence, hath so disposed of the condition of mankind, as in all times some must be rich, some poor, some high and eminent in power and dignity; others mean and in submission? A) John Locke B) David Hume C) John Winthrop D) John Calvin
18 The Growth of Democracy Pre-1800 elites monopolized all political offices, voter participation was low despite widespread franchise From 1800 to 1816 voter participation rose from 15-40% to 68-98%; party competition intensified Rise of democratic ideology led to removal of all property requirements for voting
19 Characteristics of New Politics Growth of national party organization More media involvement Newspapers as party organs Slogans, banners, parades Celebration of the common man Shift away from politics of deference, obligation Wider participation: voter turnout doubled from 1824 to 1828 Emphasis on party loyalty
20 George Caleb Bingham, Verdict of the People, 1855
21 Martin Van Buren vs William Henry Harrison, 1840 Van Buren Harrison
22 Martin Van Buren: The Aristocrat
23 William Henry Harrison: The Common Man
24 The Candidate as Common Man This year s common man costume: The plaid shirt
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