Agree or Disagree: Immigrants and citizens of origin from countries we are at war with should be forced to leave the country or be put in jail.
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1 Agree or Disagree: Immigrants and citizens of origin from countries we are at war with should be forced to leave the country or be put in jail.
2 ADAMS AS PRESIDENT Unit III: Expansion, Nationalism, and Sectionalism
3 Election of 1796 Major Federalist candidates: John Adams (VP to George Washington) Thomas Pinckney John Jay Major Democratic Republican candidates: Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr Samuel Adams How much influence did George Washington and/or Alexander Hamilton have on this election? John Adams wins the Presidency, Thomas Jefferson receives the second most votes and becomes VP. Positions based on votes, not party victory (changed in 1804) Different political parties/views
4 XYZ Affair French Revolution & European Wars United States was neutral due to Washington s policies Jay Treaty deemed pro-british by Jefferson French continued seizing ships of neutral parties, including the US Negotiations Three French diplomats, coded X, Y, and Z Adams sent John Marshall, Thomas Pinckney, and Elbridge Gerry to negotiate French diplomats requested a bribe of $250,000 and millions in loans to even meet Americans refuse and leave (although bribes were customary in Europe) Federalist Response Hamilton used situation to call for creation of larger navy and army Some called for war Jefferson, who is pro-french, is embarrassed
5 Naturalization Act of 1798 True Intent: Limit and eradicate criticism of the government from immigrants The French and Irish Identified with Democratic-Republican ideologies (naturally support the French) Legislation: Increased time it took to become citizen 3 to 5 years notice time declaring intent to become citizen 5-14 years residency time living in the United States *Repealed by new law in 1802
6 Alien and Sedition Acts Three Acts: Aliens (Friends) Act Alien Enemies Act Sedition Act Alien (Friends) Act: President had authority to deport individuals deemed threats to the United States Alien Enemies Act: Deportation or imprisonment of anyone during times of war (if origin is from country at war with) *Still in effect today! Sedition Act: Speaking, writing, or publishing criticism of the government were minimally misdemeanors or treason SEDITION: (n.) Conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch One congressmen, a Federalist, stated there was no need to invite hordes of Wild Irishmen, nor the turbulent and disorderly of all the world, to come here with a basic view to distract our tranquility."
7 I. How were these acts even passed?!?!?!?! II. What about the Supreme Court?!?!?! III.What about the Bill of Rights?!?!?! IV.What about the Elastic Clause?
8 I. How were these acts even passed?!?!?!?! I. A Federalist President and a Federalist-dominated Congress II. What about the Supreme Court?!?!?! I. The Supreme Court did not gain the power to review legislation on constitutionality until 1803 III.What about the Bill of Rights?!?!?! I. The FIRST Amendment was clearly violated II. The TENTH Amendment was challenged I. Federalism IV.What about the Elastic Clause? I. Federalists claimed it protected the United States II. Madison challenges this in Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions The Congress shall have Power... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. VS. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
9 Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions The Federal Government was created by the states Conflicts will arise between the rights and laws of the states and the authority of the central government The interests of the states take precedence over the laws and actions of the federal government A states legislature may declare a national law null and void Written by Jefferson (anonymously) and Madison Some argue this is pure treason *PREVIEW: This will play a large role in steps to Civil War Should states determine legality of slavery and create own slave laws?
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11 Adams Presidency: Summary Challenges on Federalism continue Political parties continue growing and organizing Federal government is strengthened even if powers were abused Legislation Military National Bank Economy Financial system continues to succeed Economy grows
12 Quick Write: Fair or Foul: Were these acts constitutional? Why or why not?
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