Chapter : Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada

Transcription

1 Chapter : Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada Section 10: Challenging Capitalism, the Union Nationale government, Clerico-Nationalism and Francophones in the Economy

2 Pages that correspond to this presentation Challenging Capitalism: Page 172 Union Nationale: Page 173 Clerico Nationalism: Pages Francophones in the economy: Pages Colonization movement during the Great Depression: Page 171

3 Capitalism as a problem During the Great Depression (1930s) large scale socioeconomic problems unemployment, homelessness, etc. People stopped trusting the system of capitalism large companies seeking profit People also stopped trusting the governments that allowed capitalism to lead to the Great Depression Liberal party of Canada & Conservative Party of Canada These same people questioned the systems in place and challenged the systems by creating new political parties New political/social ideas emerged: Communism Socialism Fascism

4 Communism The idea that private property and a profit based economy (capitalism) is replaced with communal control of means of production (mines, mills, factories, etc.) Everyone is paid based on abilities and needs Against the involvement of the church in government affairs There are not many communist countries left in 2017 The Communist Party of Canada was established in 1921 Only a handful of Communist Party of Canada members made it to Federal politics in the 1920s/1930s

5 Communism British Columbia branch of the Communist Party of Canada early 1930s Source: The Canadian Encyclopedia Online. < Emblem for the Communist Part of Canada Source: Wikipedia. <

6 Communism Election poster for Fred Rose- Communist Party of Canada member Fred Rose was elected to the House of Commons in 1943 However- Rose was convicted of spying for the Soviet Union in 1946 Source: Wikipedia. <

7 Socialism An IDEOLOGY that will defend the Greater Good Interests of the greater number of people takes priority over smaller groups (Example: middle class VS wealthy/upper class) An idea eventually defended/promoted by the government Governments should intervene by implementing laws/programs to support/protect the general population In favor of unions Healthcare, employment insurance, etc. New political parties promoted this ideology during /after the Great Depression Cooperative Commonwealth Federation established in 1933

8 Socialism CFF billboard in the early 1930s Source: The Canadian Encyclopedia Online. < Emblem for the Canadian Commonwealth Federation Source: Wikipedia. <

9 Socialism Saskatchewan Commonwealth Organization Poster The poster s message is that under a capitalist system workers in Canada are no earning enough money to have a decent standard of living for their families Source: University of Alberta Peel Library. <

10 Socialism CCF election poster date unknown What is the common theme of the message from each drawing? Source: Archives Society of Alberta. <

11 Socialism The idea of social credit The idea that people should receive a monthly allowance (on top of what they earn) in order to help them gain more PURCHASHING POWER where would this money come from? The Government supposedly Social credit party in Canada Popular mainly in Alberta and British Columbia Established in 1935 a populist political party Populist political party = a political party that supposedly defends the interests of the people and criticizes the elites

12 Socialism How was socialism expressed? Political party posters Strikes/protests Literature (magazine, pamphlets, etc.)

13 Fascism An Ideology that promotes tradition, military force, totalitarianism and extreme ETHNIC nationalism Ethnic Nationalism a single race represents a nation Single government leader/single political party Resemblance to a cult

14 People/groups who represent Fascism: Hitler, Mussolini, blueshirts Fascism Adrian Arcand & the National Social Christian Party Canadian Fascist Party in 1930s Adrien Arcand Source: Le Québec: Une Histoire du Famille. <

15 How was fascism expressed? Propaganda Literature (newspapers, ect.) Propaganda posters Public displays of fascism (mural in Madonna Della Difesa Chruch in Montreal) Fascism Man printing fascist propaganda in a basement Source: The Canadian Fuhrer: The Life of Adrien Arcand. Google Books. < per&source=bl&ots=xwbeqq3wy_&sig=0m7eg1dtvgczjinfptzpj6l12ek&hl=en&sa=x&ved=0ahukewjgydz J8bnYAhXL54MKHZFJAPYQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=faciste%20canadien%20newspaper&f=false>

16 Fascism Young women being trained for the PNSC Source: Radio Canada.< Young men working for the PNSC- preparing propaganda pamphlets in Montreal Source: The Canadian Fuhrer: The Life of Adrien Arcand. Google Books. < n+newspaper&source=bl&ots=xwbeqq3wy_&sig=0m7eg1dtvgczjinfptzpj6l12ek&hl=en&sa=x &ved=0ahukewjgydzj8bnyahxl54mkhzfjapyq6aeiotad#v=onepage&q=faciste%20canadien%2 0newspaper&f=false>

17 Fascism Le Faciste Canadien: The official newspaper of the National Social Christian Party Party members were required to sell the newspaper each month Very few news stands in Montreal sold this publication Source: Ricochet Media. <

18 Fascism Vault Mural of Benito Mussolini- Italian fascist Madonna Della Difesa Church in Montreal Source: Accent I newspaper. < 1/community-of-churches-frescos-and-historic-sites-by-filippo-salvatore> Source: Untapped cities.<

19 New political parties gain popularity in Quebec? No None of these parties made a significant impact on Quebec s political landscape However, one political party emerged in Quebec that claimed to defend traditional values of Quebec The Union Nationale Lead by a man named Maurice Duplessis This political party claimed to defend a promote Catholicism, rural life (farming) and family values This political party gained a lot of support right before 1936 and after the Union Nationale was elected as Quebec s majority party in 1936

20 Election of the Union Nationale party in Quebec The leader of the Union Nationale party in 1936 = Maurice Duplessis Duplessis was a strong politician In order to win the Quebec provincial election in 1936: He found corruption in the provincial Liberal Party and exploited it He worked out a merger between his old political party (Conservative party of Quebec) AND the Action Libérale Nationale party By doing this Duplessis was able to form a party that won the 1936 Quebec provincial election

21 Election of the Union Nationale party in Quebec Maurice Duplessis in 1936 Source: Virtual Museum. < Logo used by the Union Nationale Party in Quebec Source: Wikipedia.<

22 Union Nationale in Quebec from Duplessis and the Union Nationale government were believers in 4 things: Minimal government intervention in the economy and social issues Support for the Catholic Church in Quebec Support for a rural way of life Anti-communism/Antiunion Maurice Duplessis in 1936 Source: Wikipedia.<

23 Union Nationale in Quebec from Duplessis and the Union Nationale government did not believe in government intervention in the economy They did not try to NATIONALIZE hydroelectricity Nationalize = government controls/own all of something = Hydro Quebec in 2017 Duplessis though letting the market decide was the way to go

24 Union Nationale in Quebec from Duplessis was also a strong supporter of the Catholic Church: He allowed the church to control social services like hospitals He created laws that the Catholic Church had been asking for in Quebec for some time He installed a crucifix in the National Assembly (where the government of Quebec meets and debates)

25 Union Nationale in Quebec from Duplessis believed in the rural way of life: The Union Nationale Party established an agricultural credit for farmers to help them pay off debt and find agricultural land for their children to start farms The National Electricity Syndicate: although the Union Nationale part did not nationalize electricity they did make sure to provide electricity to rural areas (farms) in many outlying regions in Quebec An power plant was built in Abitibi to provide electricity to farms this is called the electrification of farms

26 Union Nationale in Quebec from During the first 4 years of the Union Nationale government anti-union laws Duplessis used local police forces to protect strike breakers what were strike breakers? 1937 Sorel shipyard strike provincial police used to protect the strikebreakers 1937 Padlock Law This law gave the power to the Union Nationale government to padlock any building associated with Communism Duplessis sometimes used this law to crackdown on organizations that spoke out against him and the Union Nationale government infringement on democracy

27 Union Nationale in Quebec from Government workers sifting through newspapers in the Clarité office as part of the Padlock Law Source: Wikipedia. < S1P02676.jpg> Political cartoon commenting on the Padlock Law being linked to fascist ideology Source: Canadian Primary Sources in the Classroom. <

28 End of the Union Nationale era in 1940 Duplessis and the Union Nationale were voted out of provincial government in 1940 However, due to another conscription crisis and other issues The Union Nationale party was voted back in the mid 1940s We will discuss the Union Nationale in the 1940 more in chapter 3

29 Keynesianism John Maynard Keynes Mid 1930s during the Great Depression wrote a book called General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money His theory included the idea that during rough economic times: The government should spend money to invest in infrastructure to help businesses which will then hire more workers The government should lower taxes so businesses can spend more and people have more money to spend on goods

30 Clerico-Nationalism what is it? 1920s-1950s French Canadian Nationalist idea traditional values family, Catholicism, rural way of life and the French language/culture The reason behind this way of thinking protect French Canadian culture/identity from being wiped away by English-Canadian/American cultural influences Moving back to the land /farming/agriculturalism became an important part of Clerico-Nationalism

31 Clerico-Nationalism who represented it? Lionel Groulx French Canadian Nationalist Unlike Henri Bourassa Groulx believed Quebec was a space for French Canadians to defend their identity/culture French Canadians formed their OWN NATION within the territory of Quebec Bourassa believed that Canada was a territory for both French and English Canadians to share Groulx s ideology was one step closer to Quebec Nationalism that we will see in the 1960s onwards

32 Clerico-Nationalism who represented it? Lionel Groulx in 1927 Source: Wikipedia.< Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 175

33 Clerico-Nationalism how was it expressed? Lionel Groulx s writings/magazines L Action Francaise/ L Action Nationale founded in 1917 Romans du Terroir Novels of Rural Life Novels that romanticized rural life/farming in Quebec Traditional values (French language, Catholicism) were also promoted in these novels These novels painted a picture of the horrible lives of industrial workers versus the amazing lives of life in the country/ on farms French Canadian paintings depicting agricultural landscapes Paintings by Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté The colonization movement in Quebec during the Great Depression promoting agriculture

34 Clerico-Nationalism how was it expressed? L Action Française Magazine- August 1921 L Action Française Magazine was founded by members of the League for French Rights (including Lionel Groulx) The goal of the magazine was to promote French Canadian rights and values/culture in Quebec Source: Wikimedia Commons.<

35 Clerico-Nationalism how was it expressed? Roman du Terroir: Ne Vends Pas La Terre Source: Librarie O Vieux Bouquins.< pksection=40&cat=&txttitre=&txtmotcle=&txtauteur=&tri=dateac&page=5 Source: Laurentiana Blog. <

36 Clerico-Nationalism how was it expressed? Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor- Coté, The Harvest, around 1912 Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 175 Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté, Wet Snow, Arthabaska, around 1919 Source: Queen s University Agnes Edrithton Art Gallery.<

37 Clerico-Nationalism how was it expressed? Promoting colonization during the Great Depression The Catholic Church along with French Canadian nationalists promoted the return to the land movement The RCC and FC nationalists believed that agriculture would tae people away from the poverty they faced in cities Farmers could grow their own food problem solved Regions such as Abitibi were colonized during this time Abitibi Region of Quebec Source: Wikipedia.<

38 Programme de restauration social of the École Sociale Populaire École Sociale Populaire (the same organization we spoke about in notes 2.6) Did not always agree with capitalism: Their stance was that rural development was important develop farms, investment in rural areas Buy local/ Quebec made products Investment in agricultural cooperatives (notes 2.6) to help with the development of rural areas Rely on charity to help society NOT capitalism

39 Francophones in the economy Not all French Canadian Nationalists were involved in rural development/agriculturalism Some were involved in the world of business (factories/stores, etc.) Some believed that French Canadians NEEDED to get involved in industrialization take control away from Anglophones in the business world within Quebec Investment in French Canadian businesses would mean prosperity for the French Canadian people

40 Francophones in the economy Rodolphe Forget French Canadian business owner Montreal Light and Power At the time rare for a French Canadian to own a powerful company such as Montreal Light and Power Forget eventually made his way into politics representing the Charlevoix region of Quebec I the federal government Rodolphe Forget in 1910 Source: McCord Museum online.< mccord.qc.ca/scripts/imagedownload.php?accessnumber=view- 8781&Lang=1&imageID=165334&format=large>

41 Francophones in the economy Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 176

42 Connections to the Precisions of Learning

43 Connections to the Precisions of Learning