U. S. History Final Exam Preparation Tips Semester I

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1 Create a Study Schedule U. S. History Final Exam Preparation Tips Semester I Set up a realistic schedule for studying. Be sure that it allows enough time to study for each of your exams. You may have two exams on the same day, so you will need to plan ahead to be prepared to take them both. Don t cram!! Be sure to allow enough time to sleep, exercise, and eat well. If you take care of your body, your body will take care of your mind! Stick to your schedule, and start early! Review Previous Tests Tests that have been returned over the semester can be a good resource when preparing for the final exam. Review Your Notes Outline your notes. Look to see how previous tests used the material in your notes. Mark areas in your notes of which you are unsure. Ask me or a classmate about the areas you have marked. Review Your Text Skim and scan. Look to see how previous tests used the material in the text. Outline major categories and subcategories. Make notes about the areas where you feel you are the weakest, so you can concentrate on those chapters. Form Study Groups Study groups are a good idea all of the time, but they are particularly effective when studying for finals. Assign each person in the study group a section of the material to review and teach to the others. Each person should develop possible test questions to cover their section. Final exam time does NOT mean panic time! Eat well, get plenty of sleep, and relax. You will be surprised to find that you have remembered more than you think! Relax The final will consist of 120 multiple choice questions from the units we have covered. Take your time, read each question carefully and each answer before choosing your answer. Check out the pretest questions below you should be able to answer all of these. Don t let this be YOU!!!!!

2 Manifest Destiny What were early pioneers who settled on land known as? How was agriculture changed during this time period? Inventions? Techniques? By which of the east-to-west routes did people travel? What notable treaties were negotiated with Native Americans? Why did Mexico invite Americans to settle in its lands? What occurred in San Antonio in February 1836? What was the significance? Explain Tyler s proposal for the annexation of Texas. In an effort to win popular support for a war with Mexico, President James K. Polk ordered troops led by General Zachary Taylor to cross the In order to implement President Polk s three-pronged military strategy against Mexico, the United States needed to expand its The purpose of the early Spanish missions in New Spain was to In 1834 the Mexican government secularized its missions, or transferred them from First used in 1845, the term Manifest Destiny referred to the idea that God had given the continent to Americans and that Mexico closed its borders to further immigration by Americans in 1830, a move that angered settlers in Texas because What battle marked the end of Texas s War for Independence? In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico ceded about 500,000 square miles of territory to the United States, and the U.S. agreed to Industrialization What is Laissez-faire? Why did Congress believe that tariffs were necessary? Why did workers buying power generally increased during this period? People who risk their own money to organize and run a business are known as In the Credit Mobilier scandal, Union Pacific investors got rich by The total value of all goods and services that a country produces is its Why did companies start to issue stock?

3 What is the American Federation of Labor? What is a closed shop? What is one advantage that big corporations had over small businesses? Who began the first modern industrial research laboratory, resulting in many new inventions, including the battery and the motion picture? What is laissez-faire? Why were high tariffs supported during this time? What were the reasons for the country s industrial success? How did the government afford to have the Transcontinental Railroad completed? What immigrants responded to the shortage of workers in California? How did railroad companies raise most of the money they needed to build their railroads? What were the railroad companies that built the transcontinental railroad? What was the American Railway Association, and why are they noteworthy? What is a monopoly? How did department stores change the idea of shipping? Why did chain stores gain in popularity? How did N.W. Ayer and Son, the first advertising company, try to attract customers? What is an organization owned by many people but treated by law as though it were a single person? What were techniques used by unions in order to achieve their goals? What were techniques used by companies in order to keep employees in line? How did employers generally view unions? Sectional Conflict Intensifies Explain the Fugitive Slave Act. What was the Missouri Compromise? What was the Wilmot Proviso? Why did Lincoln want to prevent Maryland from seceding? Who was John Brown and why is he noteworthy? What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act and why was it important?

4 Why did most members of the Free-Soil Party oppose the spread of slavery? What was the original purpose of the Gadsden Purchase? Where did the dissolution of the Union begin? Why? What became a political issue itself and further intensified the sectional conflict rather than removing the issue of slavery in the territories from politics as hoped? The Confederate Constitution stated that each state? The Democratic nominee for president in 1856 was James Buchanan. His record in Congress showed that he believed the best way to save the Union was? President Lincoln s declaration that the Union would hold on to federal property in the Southern states clearly referred to? Why were the Calhoun Resolutions important? Anger over the Kansas-Nebraska Act resulted in a new coalition that became the Party. Stephen A. Douglas s reply that he accepted the Dred Scott ruling, but believed people could still keep slavery out by refusing to pass the laws needed to regulate and enforce it, became known as? The issue of slavery s expansion divided the country not along party lines, but along What would happen if California entered the Union as a free state? What occurred when Fort Sumter s commander did not surrender by the stated deadline? Where did the first battle between those favoring the extension of slavery and those opposing take place? What was the ruling in the Dred Scott v. Sandford, Supreme Court case? Reconstruction How could Southerners receive a pardon under Lincoln s Reconstruction plan? What was the Tenure of Office Act? What was the original goal of the Ku Klux Klan? Why did Democrats charge that using sin taxes to pay off bonds favored the rich? What happened during the Panic of 1873? When did Reconstruction end? What was the Congressional Reconstruction Plan? Who were the scalawags? What was the overall purpose of black codes passed by the new Southern legislatures?

5 During Reconstruction, how were African Americans able to vote? What was the crop lien system? What were the chief objectives of the Wade-Davis Bill? To get the seed and supplies they needed, African Americans who had become sharecroppers after Reconstruction often had to rely on credit from where? Southerners, particularly Democratic Party supporters, referred to Northerners who came to the South at the beginning of Reconstruction as Constitutional Principles Which principle governs the right to rule by the people? Which principle creates a division of power between the federal government and the states? Which principle creates congress, the president, and the judicial branch? Which principle creates the power for one branch of the government to limit the actions of the other two branches? Which principle protects individual rights such as freedom of speech and religion? Which principle allows citizens to elect representatives? Which principle states that the government only has the power that the constitution provides? The ability to provide for public welfare would be considered a: What is another term to describe a representative democracy? American Revolution Why did the first skirmish of the French and Indian War occur? What was one of the primary groups of Americans that often became loyalists? The Continental Army was first formed from Why was Washington s decision to attack in New Jersey a surprise? Perhaps the most famous naval battle of the war happened near Britain in September 1779 and involved who? Why was the American victory at Saratoga was a turning point in the war? Who wrote Common Sense and why was it an important book? Hiding behind trees or walls and ambushing enemy troops or supply wagons are tactics used in? What did the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom abolish? Urban America By the 1890s, more than half of all immigrants in the United States were from what region?

6 Why did many immigrants came to the United States? Where did most immigrants who arrived on the U.S. west coast spend about a day at a processing center? East coast immigrants? What law prevented Chinese immigrants already in the United States from becoming citizens? In the late 1800s, why did many rural Americans move to big cities? What were the multifamily apartment buildings that most urban working-class families live in called? In response to urban congestion, Boston and New York City built what? America s industrialization made some people wealthy and created a growing Who rose to become one of New York City s most powerful party bosses? Why did authors Mark Twain and Charles Warner call their era the Gilded Age? The application of the theory of evolution and natural selection to human society was known as? The Gospel of Wealth was a philosophy that wealthy Americans had a responsibility to do what? Formed in 1869, the Cincinnati Red Stockings were the nation s first Which social reformer believed that the best way to help the urban poor was to redeem their souls and reform their character? How were some government jobs filled under the Pendleton Act of 1883? How did new technology help farmers produce more crops? How were farmers hurt economically? Which of the following did the People s Party also known as the Populists call for in 1892? Why did the Populist Party decline after the election of 1896? In the mid-1870s, what did a former slave named Benjamin Pap Singleton help set in motion? What step did Mississippi take to prohibit African Americans from voting? The stage was set for legalized segregation in 1883, when the Supreme Court overturned which of the following? What legal basis did the Supreme Court s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson establish? Who was Ida B. Wells? Progressive Era What did most Progressives believe? Why did President Wilson support banking reform?

7 Why did Roosevelt believe that Taft s focus on breaking up trusts was wrong? Why did Woodrow Wilson call his platform of progressive reforms the New Freedom? Why was a federal reserve system created? What did progressives advocate? Like President Roosevelt, President Wilson expanded both the role of the federal government and? What was the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)? What political party did Theodore Roosevelt lead in the election of 1912? Progressives generally believed that industrialization and urbanization had created many social problems, including working-class poverty and? Civil War What had the largest influence on the North s economy during the war? What profession helped women break down the belief that women were weaker than men? Why did citizens of the South suffer food shortages during the Civil War? What did the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution prohibit? Before the Emancipation Proclamation, what was the primary purpose of the Civil War to most Republicans? What was the infamous prison in the South where 13,000 captured Union soldiers died? Where did the turning point of the war take place? Why did Jefferson Davis want to fight a war of attrition? On what occasion did President Abraham Lincoln deliver the Gettysburg Address? What was the Emancipation Proclamation, and why was it significant? What was the Trent Affair? Why did Northern newspapers scorn Winfield Scott s strategy for defeating the South, which they called? What was the background of Robert E. Lee? In the summer of 1862, Congress introduced a militia law that required states to draft people for military service called? Where did General Lee surrender to General Grant on April 9, 1865?