Causes of War. Håvard Hegre and Håvard Mokleiv Nygård. Syllabus. January 10, 2012

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1 Causes of War Håvard Hegre and Håvard Mokleiv Nygård Syllabus January 10, 2012 The objective of this course is to make the student familiar with theoretical as well as empirical research on causes of internal and international conflicts. A secondary objective is to provide practical training in systematic search for literature and data and in conducting independent empirical study. Data sets are made available for the student s own analysis Topics A Short History of Warfare This section will provide the student with a rudimentary understanding of how warfare has evolved, we will examine trends, technology and organization. 1 lecture, lecturer: Håvard Mokleiv Nygård Lacina, Russett and Gleditsch (2006), 8 pages Kalyvas and Balcelles (2010), 14 pages Keegan (1983), 300 pages EASY READ! What is Conflict This section will introduce the students to the central issue and problems connected to how one defines, and measures conflict. 1 lecture, Håvard Strand Themnér and Wallensteen (2011), 11 pages Gleditsch et al. (2002), 22 pages Sambanis (2004), 43 pages Eck and Hultman (2007), 13 pages Fjelde and Nilsson (forthcoming), 25 pages 1

2 Bargaining and Conflict This section will introduce the students to the most important theories from the literature on bargaining theory and conflict. 1 lectures, lecturer: Håvard Hegre Blainey (1988, Chapter. 1), 29 pages Fearon (1995), 34 pages Gartzke (1999), 19 pages Wagner (2000), 15 pages Polarity, Balance of Power and Conflict This section will introduce the students to the most important theories from the literature on balance of power and conflict. 1 lectures, lecturer: Håvard Mokleiv Nygård Powell (1999, Chapters 1 and 3), 65 pages Waltz (1988), 13 pages Hegre (2008), 25 pages Development and Conflict This section will introduce students to central issues concerning the link between development and civil conflict. 1 lecture, Håvard Hegre Collier, Hoeffler and Rohner (2009), 29 pages Mousseau, Hegre and Oneal (2003), 38 pages Hegre et al. (forthcoming), 25 pages Gates et al. (forthcoming), 33 pages Fearon and Laitin (2003), 25 pages Gartzke (2007), 25 pages Ethnicity, Cleavages and Conflict This section will introduce students to central issues concerning the link between economic inequality and ethnic cleavages and conflict. 1 lecture, Nils Weidmann Brubaker (2002), 26 pages Cederman, Weidmann and Gleditsch (2011), 17 pages 2

3 Cederman, Wimmer and Min (2010), 32 pages Lyall (2010), 19 pages Weidmann (2009), 17 pages Weidmann (2011), 12 pages Regimes and Conflict This section will introduce students to central issues concerning regime types and conflict. The Democratic peace theory will also be covered. 1 lecture, Håvard Mokleiv Nygård Hegre et al. (2001), 15 pages Doyle (1986), 18 pages Russett and Oneal (2001), 30 pages Fearon (1994), 15 pages Snyder and Borghard (2011), 19 pages Bueno de Mesquita et al. (2003, chapter 6), 45 pages Bueno de Mesquita et al. (2004), 5 pages Geography and Conflict This section will introduce students to the growing scholarship on geographic and environmental issues connected to civil war. The section will also consider the recent debate on climate change and conflict 2 lectures, Halvard Buhaug. Buhaug (2010b), 21 pages Buhaug and Gleditsch (2008), 17 pages Burke et al. (2010), 4 pages Buhaug (2010a), 6 pages Buhaug et al. (forthcoming), 15 pages Buhaug and Gates (2002), 16 pages Homer-Dixon (1991), 30 pages Nordås and Gleditsch (2007), 9 pages Zhang et al. (2011), 5 pages 3

4 Recruitment to Conflict This section will discuss the microfoundations of conflict related to recruitment. How groups recruit and retain soldiers will be covered. 1 lecture, Scott Gates Kuran (1989), 32 pages Wood (2003, chapter 1), 30 pages Kalyvas and Kocher (2007), 14 pages Gates (2002), 19 pages Humphreys and Weinstein (2008), 19 pages Gates and Reich (2010, Chapters 1,5,8,14) Gates and Reich (2009) Review Summary and Review of class. 1 lecture, Håvard Mokleiv Nygård Total sum of pages =

5 References Blainey, Geoffrey The Causes of War. New York: The Free Press. Brubaker, Rogers Ethnicity without Groups. European Journal of Sociology 43: Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Alistair Smith, Randolph M. Siverson and James D. Morrow The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, James D. Morrow, Randolph M. Siverson and Alastair Smith Testing Novel Implications from the Selectorate Theory of War. World Politics 56(3): Buhaug, Halvard. 2010a. Climate not to blame for African civil wars. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Buhaug, Halvard. 2010b. Dude, Where s My Conflict? LSG, Relative Strength, and the Location of Civil War. Conflict Management and Peace Science 27: Buhaug, Halvard, Kristian S. Gleditsch, Helge Holtermann, Andreas F. Tollefsen and Gudrun Østby. forthcoming. It s the Local Economy, Stupid! Geographic Wealth Dispersion and Conflict Outbreak Location. Journal of Conflict Resolution. Buhaug, Halvard and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch Contagion or Confusion? Why Conflicts Cluster in Space. International Studies Quarterly 52: Buhaug, Halvard and Scott Gates The Geography of Civil War. Journal of Peace Research 39(4): Burke, Marshall B, Edward Miguel et N Nand Shanker Satyanath, John A. Dykema and David B. Lobell Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(49): Cederman, Lars-Erik, Andreas Wimmer and Brian Min Why do ethnic groups rebel? New data and analysis. World Politics 62(1): Cederman, Lars-Erik, Nils B. Weidmann and Kristian S. Gleditsch Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War: A Global Comparison. American Political Science Review 105: Collier, Paul, Anke Hoeffler and Dominic Rohner Beyond greed and grievance: feasibility and civil war. Oxford Economic Papers 61:1 27. Doyle, Michael W (4): Liberalism and World Politics. American Political Science Review Eck, Kristine and Lisa Hultman One-Sided Violence against Civilians in War: Insights from New Fatality Data. Journal of Peace Research 44(2): Fearon, James D Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Disputes. American Political Science Review 88(3):

6 Fearon, James D Rationalist explanations for war. International Organization 49(3): Fearon, James D. and David D. Laitin Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War. American Political Science Review 97(1): Fjelde, Hanne and Desiree Nilsson. forthcoming. Rebels Against Rebels: Explaining Violence Between Rebel Groups. Journal of Conflict Resolution pp Gartzke, Eric War is in the error term. International Organization 53(3): Gartzke, Erik The Capitalist Peace. American Journal of Political Science 51(1): Gates, Scott Recruitment and Allegiance: The Microfoundations of Rebellion. Journal of Conflict Resolution 46(1): Gates, Scott, Haavard Hegre, Haavard Mokleiv Nygaard and Haavard Strand. forthcoming. Development Consequences of Armed Conflict. World Development. Gates, Scott and Simon Reich Think Again: Child Soldiers. Foreign Policy May. URL: again child soldiers Gates, Scott and Simon Reich, eds Child Soldiers in the Age of Fractured States. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Gleditsch, Nils Petter, Peter Wallensteen, Mikael Eriksson, Margareta Sollenberg and Håvard Strand Armed Conflict : A New Dataset. Journal of Peace Research 39(5): Hegre, Håvard Gravitating toward War. Preponderance May Pacify, but Power Kills. Journal of Conflict Resolution 52(4): Hegre, Håvard, Joakim Karlsen, Håvard Mokleiv Nygård, Håvard Strand and Henrik Urdal. forthcoming. Predicting Armed Conflict International Studies Quarterly Hegre, Håvard, Tanja Ellingsen, Scott Gates and Nils Petter Gleditsch Toward a Democratic Civil Peace? Democracy, Political Change, and Civil War, American Political Science Review 95(1): Homer-Dixon, Thomas F On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict. International Security 16(2): file://r: Humphreys, Macarthan and Jeremy M. Weinstein Who fights? The determinants of participation in civil war. American Journal of Political Science 52(2): Kalyvas, Stathis N and Laia Balcelles International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict. American Political Science Review 104: Kalyvas, Stathis N. and Matthew A. Kocher How free is free riding in civil wars? Violence, insurgency, and the collective action problem. World Politics 59(2):

7 Keegan, John The Face of Battle: A Study of Agincourt, Waterloo, and the Somme. London: Penguin. Kuran, Timur Sparks and Prairie Fires: A Theory of Unanticipated Political Revolution. Public Choice 61(1): Lacina, Bethany, Bruce Russett and Nils Petter Gleditsch The Declining Risk of Death in Battle. International Studies Quarterly 50(3): Lyall, Jason Are Coethnics More Effective Counterinsurgents? Evidence from the Second Chechen War. American Political Science Review 104(1):1 20. Mousseau, Michael, Håvard Hegre and John R. Oneal How the Wealth of Nations Conditions the Liberal Peace. European Journal of International Relations 9(2): Nordås, Ragnhild and Nils Petter Gleditsch Climate Change and Conflict. Political Geography 26(6): Powell, Robert In The Shadow of Power. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Russett, Bruce and John Oneal Triangulating peace: Democracy, interdependence, and international organizations. London, New York: W.W. Norton. Sambanis, Nicholas What Is Civil War? Conceptual and Empirical Complexities of an Operational Definition. Journal of Conflict Resolution 48(6): Snyder, Jack and Erica D. Borghard The Cost of Empty Threats: A Penny, Not a Pound. American Political Science Review 105: Themnér, Lotta and Peter Wallensteen Research 48(4): Armed conflict, Journal of Peace Wagner, R. Harrison Bargaining and War. American Journal of Political Science 44(3): Waltz, Kenneth The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18: Weidmann, Nils B Geography as Motivation and Opportunity: Group Concentration and Ethnic Concentration. Journal of Conflict Resolution 53(4): Weidmann, Nils B Violence from above or from below? The Role of Ethnicity in Bosnia s Civil War. Journal of Politics 73(4): Wood, Elisabeth Jean Insurgent collective action and civil war in El Salvador. Cambridge studies in comparative politics Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Zhang, David D, Harry F Lee, Cong Wang, Baosheng Li, Qing Pei, Jane Zhang and Yulun An The Causality Analysis of Climate Change and Large-Scale Human Crisis. PNAS 108: