Women at War: Explaining Differential Levels of Female Participation in Rebellion

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1 Kristine Eck Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research Uppsala University Box 514, Uppsala, Sweden Office: +46 (0) Mobile:+46 (0) Website: PRESENT POSITION Assistant Professor (Bitr. lektor), Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University Researcher, Dept. of Security, Strategy, and Leadership, Swedish Defence College DEGREES 2010 PhD, Peace and Conflict Studies, Uppsala University M.A. (Fil. Mag.), Political Science, Uppsala University Bachelor of Arts, Political Science, University of Kansas. PREVIOUS POSITIONS Spring 2011 Visiting Fellow at Kroc Institute, University of Notre Dame Doctoral candidate, Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University Project Leader, within the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University Research Assistant, Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University. CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS Women at War: Explaining Differential Levels of Female Participation in Rebellion This project, funded by the Swedish Research Council, addresses the question of why levels of female participation differ across rebel groups in armed conflict. Government Repression: The Targets, Strategies, and Patterns of State Human Rights Abuse This project, also funded by the Swedish Research Council, aims to collect and analyze global, annual data on three aspects of government repression for the period The first relates to identifying who are the targets of government repression, i.e. opposition groups, identity groups, etc. The second aspect concerns the strategies of government repression, i.e. whether the government targets individual opponents on the basis of information about their behavior or whether it uses violence indiscriminately. Finally, the third aspect relates to the patterns of government repression, in particular, whether the state applies repression consistently or not. Myanmar s Political Opening: Its Impact on Ethnic Conflicts This project, led by Stein Tønneson, is funded by the Norwegian Foreign Ministry. It examines the relationship between ongoing democratic reforms and peace negotiations in Myanmar in order to understand the impact these two processes have on each other.

2 Nepal Peacebuilding Survey This is a joint project with Michael Gilligan and Cyrus Samii (NYU); it is funded by the Folke Bernadotte Academy. In it, we study (1) the effects of partisanship, wartime experiences, and social institutions on demands for redistributive and retributive justice and levels of social polarization, and (2) the effects of social capital and wartime experiences on the social, economic, and political vitality of communities. We use state of the art sample survey methods to test hypotheses on these themes in Nepal. PUBLICATIONS Dissertation Eck, Kristine Raising Rebels: Participation and Recruitment in Civil War. Uppsala: Uppsala University Press. Peer-Reviewed Articles Eck, Kristine In Data We Trust? A Comparison of UCDP GED and ACLED Conflict Events Datasets. Cooperation and Conflict, 47(1): Ralph Sundberg, Kristine Eck, and Joakim Kreutz Introducing the UCDP Non-State Conflict Dataset. Journal of Peace Research, 49(2), forthcoming. Eck, Kristine From Armed Conflict to War: Ethnic Mobilization and Conflict Intensification. International Studies Quarterly 53(2): Eck, Kristine and Lisa Hultman Violence against Civilians in War: Insights from New Fatality Data, Journal of Peace Research, 44(2): Working Papers Chasing Causation: Unpacking the Poverty-Conflict Correlation in Nepal. The Law of the Land: Communal Conflict and Legal Authority. Coercion in Rebel Recruitment. Regime Transition and Communal Violence (with Joakim Kreutz). Book Chapters Eck, Kristine Survey Research in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, in Understanding Peace Research: Methods and Challenges, Kristine Höglund and Magnus Öberg, eds. London: Routledge. Eck, Kristine Recruiting Rebels: Indoctrination and Political Education in Nepal, in The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Revolution in the 21 st Century, Mahendra Lawoti and Anup Pahari, eds. London: Routledge. Eck, Kristine An Overview and Typology of Conflict Data: the Advantages of Data Diversity, Building and Using Datasets on Armed Conflicts, Mayeul Kaufmann, ed. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series, vol. 36. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Eck, Kristine, Bethany Lacina, and Magnus Öberg Civil Conflict in the Contemporary World, in Resources, Governance and Civil Conflict, Kaare Strøm and Magnus Öberg, eds. London: Routledge. 2

3 Eck, Kristine Nepal, in International Security and the United States, Karl DeRouen and Paul Bellamy, eds. London: Praeger. Eck, Kristine One-Sided Violence and Non-State Conflict, in States in Armed Conflict 2003, Lotta Harbom, ed. Uppsala: Uppsala University Press, p Eck, Kristine Collective Violence in 2002 and 2003, in States in Armed Conflict 2003, Lotta Harbom, ed. Uppsala: Uppsala University Press, p Reports and Other Publications Eck, Kristine Recruiting Rebels: Indoctrination and Political Education in Nepal (abstract) Himalayan Journal of Development and Democracy, 22(2): 52. Eck, Kristine Getting it Wrong: the Urban Myth About Civilian War Deaths, in Human Security Report: War and Peace in the 21st Century, Andrew Mack, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Eck, Kristine A Beginner s Guide to Conflict Data: Finding and Using the Right Dataset, UCDP Research Paper Series, available at: Kreutz, Joakim and Kristine Eck UCDP Non-State Conflict Codebook, Uppsala University. Available at: Kreutz, Joakim and Kristine Eck UCDP One-Sided Violence Codebook, Uppsala University. Available at: Eck, Kristine Rapporteur, Stockholm International Conference Preventing Genocide: Threats and Responsibilities, January (published in Stockholm International Forum 2004: Proceedings). Granberg, Kristina, Kristine Eck, and Peter Wallensteen Identifying Wars: Systematic Conflict Research and Its Utility in Conflict Resolution and Prevention: Executive Summary, Uppsala: Uppsala University Press. CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS & INVITED TALKS Law of the Land: Communal Conflict and Legal Authority, presented at the Program on Order, Conflict, and Violence; Yale University, 13 April 2011; the Kroc Institute of International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame, 24 March 2011; the Peace Research Institute of Oslo (PRIO), 21 September 2011; and the American Political Science Association annual meeting, 2 September Regime Transition and Communal Violence, with Joakim Kreutz, presented at the 52 nd Annual International Studies Association (ISA) Convention; Montreal; March 2011; and at the 69 th Annual Midwest Political Science Association (MPSA) Convention; Chicago; 31 March-3 April Maoist Strategy, presented at the Nepal s Peace Process Conference; Chatham House, London; 19 October Microstudies under the Microscope: Poverty and Conflict in Nepal, presented at the Peace and Conflict Workshop; Kroc Institute of International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame; 8 February 2011; Swedish National Conference on Peace and Conflict Research; Uppsala, Sweden; December 2010; and at the New Researchers' Perspectives on the Nepalese People's War Workshop; Berder, France; 6-9 September Background Paper on Transitional Justice Datasets, presented at the The Role of Databases in Transitional Justice Research Workshop; University of Ulster, Belfast; 26 October

4 Participation in Rebellion: Estimating Rebel Troop Size, , presented at the Jan Tinbergen Peace Science Conference; Amsterdam; 29 June-1 July Indoctrination in Rebel Recruitment: a Mechanism for Mass Mobilization, presented at the 49 th Annual International Studies Association (ISA) Convention; San Francisco; March Recruiting Rebels: Indoctrination and Political Education in Nepal, presented at the 36 th Annual Conference on South Asia, and the 2 nd Annual Himalayan Policy Research Conference; Madison, WI; October From Armed Conflict to War: Ethnic Mobilization and Rebel Recruitment, presented at the Jan Tinbergen Peace Science Conference; Amsterdam; June An Overview and Typology of Conflict Data: the Advantages of Data Diversity, presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Indicators and Databases for Risk Prevention; Grenoble, France; June Why War? Exploring a Rationalist Explanation for the Escalation of Violence in Nepal, presented at the 2006 Conference on Globalization and Peacebuilding; Uppsala, Sweden; 6-8 November Data on One-Sided Violence, presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association (APSA), Task Force on Political Violence Workshop; Philadelphia; 31 August-3 September From Conflict to War: Ethnic Mobilization and the Security Dilemma, presented at the 2006 Swedish Doctoral Conference on Methods; Varberg, Sweden; June Natural Resources and the Severity of Civil Conflict, presented at 2006 Swedish PhD Student Symposium on Peace and Conflict Research; Stockholm, Sweden; 3-4 May Escalation of Intrastate Armed Conflict, presented at 2005 Swedish PhD Student Symposium on Peace and Conflict Research; Gothenburg, Sweden; April Violence against Civilians in War: Insights from New Fatality Data, with Lisa Hultman, presented at the 46 th Annual International Studies Association (ISA) Convention; Honolulu; 1-5 March Trends in Human Security, presented at The Balance of Power in Europe: Implications for Defense and Security; SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) workshop; Stockholm; November From the Coal Face: Coding Puzzles and Solutions, presented at the Econometric Analyses of Civil War: Addressing the Problems of Contested Datasets and Findings, Rockefeller/PRIO/University of British Columbia Workshop; Oslo, Norway; August GRANTS (Principal Investigator) Swedish Research Council, Women at War: Explaining Differential Levels of Female Participation in Rebellion. Post-doctoral Researcher grant. 1.7 million SEK ($247,000) Swedish Research Council, Government Repression: The Targets, Strategies, and Patterns of State Human Rights Abuse. Research grant. Co-PI with Peter Wallensteen. 1.8 million SEK ($262,000) 2011 Faculty of Social Sciences, Post-doctoral Researcher grant 900,000 SEK ($130,000) 4

5 GRANTS (Participation) Norwegian Foreign Ministry, Myanmar s Political Opening: Its Impact on Ethnic Conflicts. Project Leader: Stein Tønnesson. Other Collaborators: Joakim Kreutz, Marte Nilsen. 1.9 million NOK ($313,000) Swedish Research Council, Communal Conflict Causes and Solutions. Research grant. Project Leader: Peter Wallensteen. Other Collaborators: Johan Brosché, Joakim Kreutz, and Hanne Fjelde. 2.1 million SEK ($173,000) OTHER AWARDS AND SCHOLARSHIPS 2010 Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame. Visiting Fellowship ($25,000) 2008 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences research grant ($6,000) 2007 Theodor Adelswärds Memorial Fund, for fieldwork in Nepal ($15,000) 2006 The Lars Hierta Memorial Foundation, for fieldwork in Nepal ($4,000) 2006, 2008, 2010 Wallenberg travel grants (Uppsala University) 2006 Swedish Research Council, for attendance at ICPSR ($7,000) 2005 Nordic Institute for Asian Studies (NIAS) travel grant for a visit to NIAS 2005 Nordic doctoral network on the Political Economy of Governance and Conflict (PEGC) travel grant for course attendance at NTNU National Merit Scholarship, , University of Kansas. Full scholarship FIELDWORK Burma, April 2012; Thailand, November-December 2011 In Burma, fieldwork has focused on leadership within the political parties (NLD, NDF, the ethnic democratic parties), civil society (in particular those working with women s issues), and international organizations. In Thailand, fieldwork on the Thai-Burma border focused on human rights organizations and rebel organizations active in Burma. Nepal, February-March 2007 and April-May 2008 Conducted interviews of Maoist rebel leaders, government officials, UN officials, journalists, academics, diplomats, and members of various civil society organizations. The fieldwork also included visits to rebel cantonments to interview foot soldiers and to UNMIN regional offices throughout the country. DATASETS One-sided Conflict This dataset provides an annual, global listing of all organized groups which have killed 25+ civilians in that year. I wrote the definitions and coding criteria, and led 5 research assistants in backdating the data, which are described in Eck and Hultman (2007). Non-state Conflict This dataset provides annual, global data of all dyads of non-state conflict, i.e. conflict in which neither actor is the government of a state. I wrote the definitions and coding criteria, and led the first years of coding. The data have been subsequently backdated to cover , and are described in Sundberg, Eck, and Kreutz (2012). 5

6 Rebel Troop Size ( ) This dataset provides an annual estimate of the size of all 400+ rebel groups active during the period The data are described in Eck (2010; Raising Rebels). SERVICE Referee, American Journal of Political Science, Civil Wars, Himalaya, International Economic Journal, International Political Science Review, International Studies Quarterly, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research, Peace and Change, Prospects: Quarterly Review of Comparative Education, Psychology of Violence, Sociological Perspectives, Terrorism and Political Violence, World Politics. Director, Speaker Series at the Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research, Faculty Appointment Review Committee for Professors and Post-doctoral Positions, Faculty of Social Sciences, Uppsala University. PhD student representative, September 2007-September Faculty Appointment Review Committee for Lecturers, Faculty of Social Sciences, Uppsala University. PhD student representative, September 2006-September Governing Board, Faculty of Social Sciences, Uppsala University Board Member, January 2006-September 2006; Reserve, September 2005-January 2006 PhD Student Association of the Faculty of Social Sciences, Uppsala University President, January 2006-September 2006; Vice President, September 2005-January 2006 Department representative, January 2005-September 2008 Member of the Dean s Advisory Group on Strategic Funding, Faculty of Social Sciences, Uppsala University, January 2006-September Member of the Mobility working group of Eurodoc, the European Council of Doctoral Candidates and Young Researchers. Participant in PhD Dissertation Manuscript Seminar; Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University; September Panel Chair: 69 th Annual Midwest Political Science Association Convention (2011); 36th Annual Conference on South Asia (2007); Second Annual Himalayan Policy Research Conference (2007). Discussant: 69 th Annual Midwest Political Science Association Convention (2011); ECPR Standing Group on International Relations 7 th Pan-European International Relations Conference (2010); Swedish National Conference on Peace and Conflict Research (2010). OVERVIEW OF TEACHING EXPERIENCE I have taught at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University since In total, I have taught approximately 1600 hours, within the Undergraduate, Masters, and Doctoral programs, in both English and Swedish. The topics of the courses range from the theoretical (Causes of War, Security Studies) to the methodological (Master s Methodology quantitative and qualitative sections) to the empirical (Conflict Analysis). I have undergone several university-level teacher training courses, written teaching material, and have acted as the supervisor for 24 undergraduate theses and 6 Master s theses. Below is a brief listing of the courses I have taught on. Course Director and Lecturer, Master s Thesis Writing (Master s level), Principal Advisor, for 6 Master s Theses, Lecturer, Introductory Course & Research Design Course (Doctoral level),

7 Principal Advisor, for 24 Undergraduate Theses, Lecturer, Quantitative & Qualitative Methodology (Master s level), Lecturer, Master s Thesis Writing, Course Director and Lecturer, Causes of War (undergraduate), Course Director and Lecturer, Conflict Analysis (undergraduate), Lecturer, Security Studies (undergraduate), Teaching Assistant, Intro. to International Conflict Studies (undergraduate), Teaching Assistant, Conflict Analysis (undergraduate), Lecturer, Uppsala Program for International Studies (Master s level),