Strains of Urban Life
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1 Strains of Urban Life Chicago and Boston suffered great fires in 1871, encouraged the construction of fireproof buildings, developed professional fire departments
2 Strains of Urban Life Cities lacked adequate systems of disposing waste, air pollution - incidences of respiratory infection and related diseases was much higher in cities, Alice Hamilton: pioneer in identification of pollution in the workplace, discovered lead poisoning
3 Strains of Urban Life Search for new forms of recreation - Redefinition of the word Leisure: leisure time was both a right and important contribution to an individuals emotional and even spiritual health
4 Strains of Urban Life Simon Patten: The Theory of Prosperity, The New Basis of Civilization- new economies should create enough wealth to satisfy not just the needs but the desires of all, principal should be abundance of goods and pursuit of pleasure
5 Strains of Urban Life People began to "go out": Coney Island Amusement Park, lavish movie palaces, Saloons and some sporting events tended to be male preserves, Shopping, going to tea rooms was more characteristic of females, relatively few places where people of widely diverse backgrounds gathered together
6 Strains of Urban Life Rise of organized spectator sports: especially baseball (national pastime) Cincinnati Red Stockings: first salaried team- at urging of Albert Spalding banned together into the National League Football second favorite game- became entrenched in collegiate life
7 Strains of Urban Life Amos Alonzo Stagg: led in forming the Western Conference or Big Tenestablished rules governing eligibility, NCAA: revised the rules of the game in an effort to make it safer John L Sullivan: first modem boxing hero, heavyweight champion of the world 1882
8 Strains of Urban Life Black Sox Scandal: alleged throwing of the 1919 World Series by the Chicago White Sox- banning of some of the games more notable figures from the sport
9 Strains of Urban Life George M. Cohan: became the first great creator of musical comedies in the early 20th century
10 Strains of Urban Life Irving Berling: wrote more than 1,000 songs for the musical theater "Alexander's Ragtime Band", "God Bless America"
11 Strains of Urban Life Vaudeville: consisted of a variety of acts (musicians, comedians, magicians, jugglers and others), most important form of mass entertainment was the movies, Thomas Edison created the technology of motion pictures
12 Strains of Urban Life D.W. Griffith: Birth of Nationintroduced serious plots and elaborate productions to filmmaking
13 Strains of Urban Life Working Class Leisure: walking on the streets, saloon- often ethnically specific, became political centers, Fourth of July: one of the highlights of the year, dime novels became popular, music became popular within the home, Scott Joplin: ragtime composer
14 Strains of Urban Life Circulation of daily newspapers increasedbegan to develop the beginnings of a professional identity, the emergence of a national press service made use of telegraph to supply news
15 Strains of Urban Life Pulitzer and Hearst helped popularize Yellow Journalism: deliberately sensational, often lurid style of reporting presented in bold graphics
16 High Culture in the Age of the City 1912 Public Health Service created: attempted to create common health standards for all facotries, established the protection of public health as a responsibility of the government
17 High Culture in the Age of the City Middle class believed that too much assistance would breed dependency and poverty was the fault of the poor person themselves.
18 High Culture in the Age of the City Salvation Army: concentrated more on religious revivalism than on relief ofthe homeless and hungry. Street Arabs: orphaned children, who grouped together and lived on streets searching for food- no lasting solution to their problems
19 High Culture in the Age of the City American murder rate rose rapidly- south and west created much violence Rise of professionalized public police departments Often corrupt
20 High Culture in the Age of the City Theodore Dreiser: wrote Sister Carries, exposing one troubling aspect of urban lifethe plight of single women Many poverty stricken single women turned to prostitution: produced a livelihood and form of community for desperate people.
21 High Culture in the Age of the City Urban bosses: often of foreign birth, principle function was to win votes for his organization. In order to do that: provided occasional relief, step in to save those arrested for petty crimes, found jobs for unemployed, rewarded his followers and patronage with jobs in the city government
22 High Culture in the Age of the City Politicians enriched themselves and their allies through various forms of graft and corruption George Plunkitt: called it "honest graft" Most famously corrupt city boss was William M. Tweed
23 High Culture in the Age of the City Most famously corrupt city boss was William M. Tweed
24 High Culture in the Age of the City Factors which made Boss Rule possible: power of immigrant voters- less concerned with political morality, link between the political organizations and wealthy, prominent citizens who profited from their dealing with bosses and resisted efforts to overthrow them, structural weakness of city governmentsauthority was generally divided among many officeholders and was limited by the state legislature.
25 The Rise of Mass Consumption Growth of demand occurred almost at all levels of society- new techniques of production, mass distribution, rising incomes Growth and increasing prosperity of the middle class
26 The Rise of Mass Consumption Wages of "white collar" workers rose by a third Working class wages: rose, only at significantly slower rate, work forces with females saw very small increases
27 The Rise of Mass Consumption Emergence of ready-made clothing Large numbers of people became concerned with personal style: women's fashions
28 The Rise of Mass Consumption Development of mass production of tin cans, created a large new industry devoted to packaging and selling canned food
29 The Rise of Mass Consumption Refrigerated railroad cars made it possible for meats, vegetables and dairy products to be transported and kept it from spoiling. Improved diets and better health- life expectancy rose 6 years. Development of Chain stores: able to sell manufactures goods at cheaper prices, great variety of products
30 The Rise of Mass Consumption E. W. Woolworth: opened his first "Five and Ten Cent Sore"- went on to build a national chain of dry goods stores
31 The Rise of Mass Consumption Isolated people in rural areas introduced to new trends of fashion and home decor through mailorder catalogs Emergence of Department Stores: turned shopping into a more alluring and glamorous activity brought together a variety of products, strove to create an atmosphere of wonder and excitement
32 The Rise of Mass Consumption Took advantage of economies of scale to sell merchandise at lower prices than individual shops New Employment opportunities for women: sale clerks, waitresses
33 The Rise of Mass Consumption National Consumers League: under leadership of Florence Kelly, attempted to mobilize the power of women as consumers to force retailers to improve wages and working conditions
34 The Rise of Mass Consumption Members of urban middle and professional classes had large blocks of time in which they were not at work.
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