Chapters 18/19: Urbanization and Society,

Transcription

1 Chapters 18/19: Urbanization and Society, The Big Question: How did the rise of large cities and the effects of industrialization affect American society?

2 Chapters 18-19: Civilization s Inferno: The Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, Women, Men and the Solitude of Self A. Changes in Family Life B. Education C. From Domesticity to Women s Rights D. Darwinism and Its Critics 19.1 The New Metropolis A. The Shape of the Industrial City B. Newcomers and Neighborhoods C. City Cultures 19.2 Governing the Great City A. Urban Machines B. The Limits of Machine Government 19.3 Crucibles of Progressive Reform A. Fighting Dirt and Vice B. The Movement for Social Settlements C. Cities and National Politics

3 Chapter 18.2: Women, Men, and the Solitude of Self 18.2.A: Changes in Family Life Industrialization empowered middle class women while often exploiting working class women Family size decreased from 7.0 to 3.6 between Comstock Act failed to stop the spread of contraception information Second Battle of the Marne, 1918

4 Chapter 18.2: Women, Men, and the Solitude of Self 18.2.B: Education 71% of kids attended school in 1900 and college graduates increased from 2% to 8% of the population with women making great strides Booker T. Washington s Tuskegee Institute and accommodationist Atlanta Compromise speech made him the leading civil rights figure Women studying psychology

5 Chapter 18.2: Women, Men, and the Solitude of Self 18.2.C: From Domesticity to Women s Rights The WCTU successfully married temperance and women s activism The NAWSA reunited the women s suffrage movement and successfully gained suffrage in many western states before WWI

6 Chapter 18.2: Women, Men, and the Solitude of Self 18.2.D: Darwinism and Its Critics Social Darwinists applied evolutionary concepts to society arguing that the poor were less fit ultimately fueling the eugenics movement

7 Chapter 19.1: The New Metropolis 19.1.A: The Shape of the Industrial City City growth exploded with both immigration and rural migration Mass transit (trolleys and subways) allowed cities to expand and the wealthy to live on the outskirts Steel-framed skyscrapers defined the urban skyline and greatly increased population density Electric streetlights created a new nightlife and increased safety

8 Chapter 19.1: From Expansion to Imperialism 19.1.B: Newcomers and Neighborhoods Economic forces drew men and women off farms as well as immigrants to America s cities Urban immigrants mostly lived in ethnic neighborhoods Blacks fled racial violence in the South only to encounter harsh conditions in northern cities Los Angeles in 1900

9 US Army during Ph. Insurrection Chapter 19.1: From Expansion to Imperialism 19.1.C: City Cultures New forms of mass entertainment such as vaudeville theater, blues and ragtime music, amusement parks and movies emerged Weaker parental oversight led to the rise of dating and living single Yellow journalism and muckracking sensationalized the news and fueled reform efforts

10 Chapter 19.2: Governing the Great Cities 19.2.A: Urban Machines US cities relied on private businesses for infrastructure projects Political machines dominated most cities by helping immigrants and the poor and profiting from city contracts and inside information The lack of government services, and middle class indifference to the urban poor allowed machines to thrive despite corruption

11 Chapter 19.2: Governing the Great Cities 19.2.B: The Limits of Machine Governments Excessive corruption, urban reform efforts and the Depression of 1893 began to turn the tide against machine politics Some cities experimented with a commissioner system while others emphasized direct democracy The Great Galveston Flood, 1900

12 Chapter 19.3: Crucibles of Progressive Reform 19.3.A: Fighting Dirt and Vice Disease, poverty, and crime motivated Progressive reformers such as Jacob Riis The public health and city beautiful movements promoted sanitation, tackled pollution, garbage and infant mortality and led to the creation of public parks

13 Chapter 19.3: The United States in World War I 19.3.B: The Movement for Social Settlements Social settlements (e.g. Hull House) helped the poor and working class by offering services and later lobbying for schools and reforms Margret Sanger became a famous advocate for birth control

14 Chapter 19.3: Crucibles of Progressive Reform 19.3.C: Cities and National Politics The Jungle shocked Americans and led to the Pure Food & Drug Act 147 women died in the horrific Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire leading to comprehensive workplace safety reforms copied around the US