new immigrants assimilate steerage Ellis Island sweatshops Chinese Exclusion Act Julia Clifford Lathrop

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1 Section 1: new immigrants assimilate steerage Ellis Island sweatshops Chinese Exclusion Act Julia Clifford Lathrop The New Immigrants These immigrants arrived from southern and eastern Europe. Greeks, Russians, Hungarians, Italians, Turks, and Poles were among the newcomers. Many immigrated because there was overcrowding and poverty in their homeland. They tried to adjust to America by settling in ethnic communities. Many industries hired immigrant workers because immigrants would work long hours for low wages. This is to become part of the culture of a larger population. Many immigrants wanted to assimilate into the American culture. The grandchildren of immigrants were usually fully assimilated. Nativism hindered new immigrants assimilation into the U.S. These were the only quarters on ships that most immigrants could afford. They were the cramped, noisy quarters on the lower decks. Located in the New York Harbor, this was the center where immigrants were processed before being allowed in the country. These were dark, crowded workshops where workers made clothing. The work was repetitious and hazardous, the pay low, and hours long. This law was passed in response to nativism. This law prohibited Chinese workers from entering the United States for 10 years. Along with Grace Abbott, Lathrop helped found the Immigrants Protective League. This group was in support of immigrations. They recognized that the United

2 States was a nation of immigrants. Section 2 Urban areas tenements the Gilded Age settlement houses Fredrick Law Olmsted Section 3 progressive education Moving to the City After the Civil War the United States grew rapidly and became urbanized. Immigration played a large role in this since many immigrants moved into the cities. Railroads, subway systems, road paving, and bridge construction also helped cities grow. New farming inventions led to people leaving their farms to work in the city. These are apartment buildings in the slums with small, dark rooms. In the biggest, most crowded cities, the poorest residents lived in tenements. Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner published a novel in 1873 called The Gilded Age. The name which refers to something covered in gold became associated with America in the late 1800s. The Gilded Age suggested both the extravagant wealth of the time and the terrible poverty that lay underneath. The poor received assistance from these establishments. They provided services like medical care and libraries to poor neighborhoods. As a leader in the City Beautiful movement, Olmsted designed New York s Central Park as well as several parks in Boston. A Changing Culture This was a new philosophy of education that emerged in the United States. It aimed to shape students characters

3 land-grant colleges Women s colleges Yellow journalism ragtime John Philip Sousa realism regionalism Section 4 political machines Progressives and teach them good citizenship. The Morrill Act gave states large amounts of federal land for education. The states used these funds to start dozens of schools called land-grant colleges. These schools admitted women students. In 1865 only a handful of American colleges admitted women. Some of those colleges were Vassar, Smith Wellesley, and Bryn Mawr. By 1910 almost 40% of all American college students were women. This is a style of sensational writing that attracted readers. The name came from the paper s popular comic strip, The Yellow Kid. This was an aspect of African American culture that achieved widespread popularity. Related to jazz, this was a dominant force in popular music. He was a bandleader that composed distinctively American marches, including The Stars and Stripes Forever. This is an approach to literature that deals with the lives of people. This is writing that focused on a particular region in the country. Authors such as Mark Twain, Jack London, Stephen Crane, and Edith Wharton were realist and regionalist writers. The Progressive Movement These were corrupt organization that controlled local politics. American reformers, called progressives, wanted reform in the late 1800s. They focused on urban problems,

4 patronage direct primary elections referendum socialist Women and Reform Roosevelt government, and business. They believed industry should be regulated by the government. They rejected the socialist idea of government ownership of industries and instead supported government efforts to regulate industry. This is the system in which political supporters are rewarded with jobs and favors. It is also referred to as the spoils system and had been common practice since the time of Andrew Jackson. In Wisconsin, Robert La Follette helped reform the state electoral system. He introduced a direct primary election which allowed the states voters to choose their party s candidate. Other states, such as Oregon, also made changes in the political process. Oregon included a direct primary election as well as the initiative, the referendum, and the recall. This gave voters the opportunity to accept or reject acts passed by the legislature. They believed the government should own major industries to be operated on behalf of all the people, not by individuals and private companies for their own profit. Because there were so many problems plaguing U.S. society in the late 1800s many women joined reform movements to try to make changes. He was known to support business regulation and other progressive reforms. In 1902 he ordered the Justice Department to take legal action against certain trusts that had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. As president, he obtained a total of 25 indictments against trusts in the beef, oil, and tobacco industries.

5 conservation Section 5: Roosevelt held a lifelong enthusiasm for the great outdoors and the wilderness. He believed in conservation, the protection and preservation of natural resources. As president he took steps to conserve the country s forests, mineral deposits, and water resources. A Changing Nation Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt organized and financed a revolt to obtain this. This policy was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine. Under this policy, the United States claimed the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations whenever those nations seemed unstable and in order to protect U.S. business. This Supreme Court case legalized segregation which recognized separate but equal facilities. Plessy v. Ferguson W.E.B. Du Bois As an educator and an activist, he believed that gaining and using the right to vote would best help African Americans succeed. He helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).