4. I was the most famous Ragtime artist/composer of the Gilded Age. My famous hits include Mapleleaf Rag and The Entertainer

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1 Name Class Pd Chapter 4: Urban America Your test review will be worth up to 100 points (daily grade) Use Chap 4 Notes, Chap 4 assignments, and Chap 4 in the text to complete this review. Test corrections will be offered on your own time (before/after class not during class) and only if you completed your review. Test corrections are worth up to ½ credit for each question you miss. You may not score more than a 70. If you choose to retest you must do corrections first and then retest for up to a 75. I. Who to know: Nativist Horatio Alger Ida B. Wells Philanthropist Jane Addams Party Boss Andrew Carnegie Boss Tweed W.E.B. DuBois James Garfield Mark Twain Booker T. Washington Mary Church Terrell Scott Joplin 1. I am the author of many rags to riches whose stories reflected the concept of individualism. My stories inspired the youth of my era to believe that no matter how many obstacles they faced, success was possible with perseverance and hard work. 2. I embraced the Gospel of Wealth and gave away much of my great fortune. I engaged in philanthropy by using my wealth to build libraries, music halls, colleges etc. 3. I believed that black America ns should concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than political ones. I believed that economic goals could be achieved through vocational education, and I founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama 4. I was the most famous Ragtime artist/composer of the Gilded Age. My famous hits include Mapleleaf Rag and The Entertainer 5. I am notoriously corrupt, but I help new immigrants find jobs, housing and provide other essential city services in exchange for votes 6. I worked tirelessly to help black Americans achieve increased civil rights. I believed the key to this was increased voting rights. I 7. I am an American author who coined the name for this era, the Gilded Age, and who followed the literary style of Realism in my writings. One of my most famous novels was Huckleberry Finn which portrayed real American life and attitudes in the pre-civil War era. 8. I am unhappy with all of these foreigners (especially the ones from eastern and southern Europe and Asia) coming into my country! I wish the government would limit immigration! I blame them for a rise in the crime rate and the rise in alcohol consumption and more. 9. I am the founder of the Hull House, a settlement house, in Chicago. I help the urban poor and contribute to the assimilation of immigrants by providing a variety of services and assistance in response to the harsh conditions that they face in the cities. 10. I am the Republican president who was assassinated because I refused to give out jobs through the spoils system. My assassination launched the call for civil service reform. 11. I am an anti-lynching activist. My efforts led to a significant decrease in the practice of lynching. 12. I believe in being generous with my money in an effort to support humanitarian or social goals

2 13. I am a women s rights and civil rights activist. I fought for an end to lynching, racism, and sexism. I led a boycott against department stores that refused to serve black Americans. 14. I am the corrupt party boss of New York s Tammany Hall, New York City s Democratic political machine II. Gilded Age Culture and more! Realism vaudeville saloon Tin Pan Alley ragtime Settlement house Public Schools labor unions Streetcar suburbs Subway Skyscraper Gilded Age New Immigrants Push Migration Factors Pull Migration Factor Workingman s Party of CA American Protective Association 15. This is the name for the era in US History between that was showcased by shiny new cities, industries, electricity, mansions and inventions that masked underlying problems of poverty, crime, political corruption, and a disparity of wealth 16. In many big cities, these functioned as community centers and political centers for male workers. 17. Issues such as poverty, wars, religious persecution that caused people to emigrate from their home country 18. Issues such as economic opportunity, religious freedom, political freedom, and social mobility brought immigrants into the US by the millions in the Gilded Age. 19. Many middle-class Americans lived in these thanks to developments in mass transit such as the electric trolley car 20. Though a smaller group entered through Angel Island and came from Asia, most of these who came to the US during the Gilded Age came from southern or eastern Europe and were culturally different from those who entered before This artistic and literary style grew in popularity in this era. Proponents of this style use art and writing to portray things as they really are instead of idealizing them like earlier romantic authors/artists. 22. Pop music in the Gilded Age. This was a type of music with a strong rhythm and a lively melody with accented notes. Scott Joplin was the most famous composer of this genre 23. These organizations opposed immigration fearing that immigrants would work for low wages or as strikebreakers thereby undermining their overall goals 24. This organization called for a ban on Chinese immigration into the US 25. This organization called for a ban on Catholic immigration into the US 26. This is the birthplace of the American music industry. It began as the center for song writing and music publishing and was located in NYC. 27. These were institutions that helped the urban poor and helped to assimilate new immigrants. They provided numerous community services such as medical care, child care, libraries, and classes in English. Jane Addams founded the first of these, the Hull house, in Chicago

3 28. These were (and are) vital to the Americanization of immigrant kids and also are important for educating students and for preparing all American children for life in the workplace 29. This was a popular form of entertainment in the Gilded Age. It was a stage show adopted from French Theater that included a variety of acts such as acrobats, animal acts, dancing etc. 30. Because land was so expensive, these became a necessity in cities. They were made possible thanks to steel (the Bessemer Process), durable plate glass and elevators. 31. Along with elevated trains, these were built to relieve congestion on city streets. III. Gilded Age Politics Political Machine Sherman Anti-trust Act Gold Standard Act Chinese Exclusion Act 14 th Amendment Immigration Act of 1882 Pendleton Act Wabash v. Illinois (1886) Jim Crow laws Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Interstate Commerce Act 32. This organization controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support. 33. Congress responded to Nativist concerns in this era by passing this law which barred further Chinese immigration and prohibited the Chinese who were already in the US from becoming citizens 34. This regulated the activities of big business by making trusts illegal 35. This Supreme Court case established that only the federal government can regulate trade between states 36. This law was passed in an attempt to reform the spoils system. It placed many government jobs under the Civil Service, and to get one of those jobs, many qualifications must be met and competitive exam must be passed. 37. This was passed in 1900 when the US officially adopted a gold-based currency 38. This was formed to regulate trade between states. It helped address economic issues including those caused by unfair practices in the railroad industry (unfair rates & rebates) 39. This Supreme Court case established that separate but equal facilities for the races was legal. It led to the legalized segregation of the Southern states for decades. 40. This established that STATES could not discriminate or deny due process in an unfair or arbitrary way. However, it did not prohibit privately owned businesses or organization (restaurants, hotels, etc.) from doing so. 41. This is the nickname for the laws that enforced segregation in the South. 42. This was passed in response to nativist concerns. It imposed a 50 cent tax on each immigrant. It also banned convicts, paupers, and the mentally disabled

4 IV. Gilded Age Philosophies: Naturalism Social Darwinism Gospel of Wealth Social Gospel Individualism Reform Darwinism Laissez-faire 43. Adherents to this philosophy believe it is the responsibility of the wealthy to use their great fortunes to further social progress and enhance the community 44. People who support this philosophy agree that no matter how humble your origins, you can rise in society as far as your talents and commitment will take you 45. Supporters of this economic philosophy believe that the government should interfere in the economy as little as possible. 46. This theory is critical of Social Darwinism. It states that human society progresses, not because humans compete, but rather because humans cooperate. It is this cooperation that causes society to progress and become better. In contrast to Social Darwinism, adherents to this philosophy believe the government could regulate the economy, cure poverty, and promote education more efficiently than competition in the marketplace could. 47. This theory is also critical of Social Darwinism Supporters of this theory believe that some people fail in life because they get caught up in circumstances that they cannot control. They believed that government intervention in the economy was necessary to create the best possible society. 48. Adherents to this philosophy support the laissez-faire (gov t shouldn t interfere) approach to the economy and society in general, apply Darwin s survival of the fittest theory to human society, and believe that human society progresses because people compete. Economic success comes to those who are the hardest working and most competent. 49. Supporters of this theory believed that competition was the main cause of many social problems causing good people to behave badly. It led churches to expand their missions and perform certain community functions such as provide preschools, daycare, gyms, maybe even a rodeo or two V. Vocabulary 50. Darwinism; a philosophy based on Charles Darwin's theories of evolution and natural selection, asserting that humans have developed through competition and natural selection with only the strongest surviving 51. hostility toward immigrants by native-born people 52. multifamily apartments, usually dark, crowded, and barely meeting minimum living standards 53. to execute, by hanging, without lawful approval 54. a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote 55. clause; a clause in the constitutions of some Southern states after 1890 intended to permit whites to vote while disenfranchising blacks 56. a unit of paper currency whose value is based on the strength of the issuing governments economy and not based on gold or silver 57. providing money to support humanitarian or social goals 58. the belief that no matter what a person's background is, he or she can still become successful through effort.

5 59. the practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs (also known as the spoils system) 60. those employed in gov t administration except military, legislature, or judiciary 61. Education; emphasizes skills and knowledge required for a particular job function or a trade 62. one who enters (In) and becomes established in a country other than that of his/her original nationality 63. a person who leaves (Exit) their own country in order to settle permanently in another 64. a government imposed rule or law 65. the right to vote 66. deprive someone of the right to vote 67. relating to large groups of people who are classed according to race, religion, etc. VI. Questions 68. The major pull factor that brought droves of immigrants into US cities was plenty of work. Why was their so much work available during this era? (think back to Chap 3). 69. Why were immigrants optimistic in spite of hardships faced in America? 70. Why did the US experience a population shift from rural areas to the cities in the last 1800s?(what was happening to the small farmers) 71. List ways that black Americans were discouraged from voting in the late 1800s. (at least 3) a. b. c.