I-The Age of Industry

Transcription

1 STRIKE ONE! { Learning Target: I can describe the working conditions that an individual faced when working in factories and why Unions were created to help workers.

2 I-The Age of Industry A-People began mass producing objects about Clothing was among the first of the major industries in America 2-Called the Gilded Age because of the new group of rich people who came into being 3-Resources were discovered and exploited 4-These business men called Captains of Industry and Robber Barons

3 I-The Age of Industry A) Steel (Andrew Carnegie) B) Oil (John D. Rockefeller) 1) First Billionaire C) Meat Packing (Gustave Swift & Phillip Armour) D) Coal Mining (Marcus Alonzo Hanna) E) Lumbering F) Railroad (James J. Hill) G) Banking (J.P. Morgan) H) Newspaper (William Randolph Hearst

4 II-Who are the workers? A-Many immigrants began coming to America about Why come? A) Famine in their country B) Money C) Better way of life D) Oppression (religious, political) 2-Why hire: A) Cheaper than people born in the U.S. because they did not know the language 1) They could not communicate and find out they were being paid less

5 II-Who are the workers? B-Women 1-Cheaper than men C-Children 1-Cheaper than adults 2-began working at 5 or 6 years old

6 II-Who are the workers? D-Minorities 1-African American A) Cheaper than White Americans but more expensive than immigrants 2-Chinese A) Came to build the transcontinental railroad in 1850 s B) Worked for less C) did most dangerous work through the mountains D) Laws passed limiting (then banning) Chinese immigration

7 III-Working Conditions A-Owners did not care about the workers 1-building were old and dilapidated 2-buildings were hot in summer, cold in winter 3-rooms were crowded 4-pay was cheap 5-long hours (12-16 hours per day) 6-worked 6 days a week (Sunday off for church)

8 III-Working Conditions B-Benefits (or lack of benefits) 1-no fringe benefits 2-no sick leave (lost job if called in sick) 3-no overtime 4-no health insurance 5-if you were hurt on the job, it was too bad A) lost job if went to doctor during work!

9 III-Working Conditions C-Quest for Efficiency 1- Frederick Winslow Taylor A) Created basis of Scientific Management of Business B) Used shops and large factories as models to promote his ideas C) Wrote books on scientific management

10 IV-Help for the Worker A-Knights of Labor 1-First formation of a labor union in America 2-Existed: Advocated an 8-hour work day 4-Included both skilled and unskilled workers 5-owner s reaction: fired worker if they found out you belonged to a union

11 IV-Help for the Worker B-American Federation of Labor (AFL) 1-formed in 1881 by Samuel Gompers 2-included only skilled workers 3-discriminated against minorities 4-became a union for unions 5-owner s reaction: fired worker if they found out you belonged to a union

12 IV-Help for the Worker C-The Grange 1-Advocacy group for farmers 2-Tried to get laws that regulated prices of agriculture goods 3-Problem: Big business believed they were a form of Union D-Many owners believed that unions were illegal 1-Courts agrees with the owners at this time (later changed)

13 V-Strikes A-Great Railroad Strike of Pay cuts caused strikes to occur throughout the country 2-Workers of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad went on strike after a second pay cut 3-President Hayes used federal troops to restore order after workers were killed

14 V-Strikes B-Haymaker Strike: happened at the McCormick Harvester Works Company in Chicago 2-President of company cut wages of all workers 10% except molders. They were cut 15%! 3-after 3 months, workers asked for wages to be restored---owners said no 4-Molders went on strike A) most were Irish 1) Irish were a minority in the factory B) Most workers were German, Swedish or Norwegian

15 V-Strikes B-Haymaker Strike: Company hires scabs to replace strikers 6-Pinkertons hired to keep peace A) did not hire police because many police were Irish and the belief was they supported the strikers 7-Molders won, but were soon replaced with machines 8-Molders convince other workers to form a union 9-New union members take of strike A) before strike could happen, owners closed the plant B) called a lock out

16 V-Strikes B-Haymaker Strike: owner re-opens with only non-union workers 11-Strike spreads to other businesses in Chicago 12-Strike culminates with riot in Haymarket Square 13-Someone throws a bomb at police 14-Four leaders were arrested and convicted of murder A) All four were executed by hanging B) Some say this was one of the most unfair trials in U.S. History

17 V-Strikes C-Homestead Steel Strike: Against Carneigie s Homestead Steel Plant 2-Carneigie locked out workers 3-Hires 300 Pinkertons to keep workers out 4-Police arrested strikers

18 V-Strikes C-Homestead Steel Strike: Against Carneigie s Homestead Steel Plant 2-Carneigie locked out workers 3-Hires 300 Pinkertons to keep workers out 4-Police arrested strikers

19 V-Strikes D-Anthracite Coal Strike: Heat & electricity produced by coal 2-strikers asked for safer conditions and more money 3-Strike began late April/early May 4-Strikers wanted to negotiate, owners said no A) Strikers later offered arbitration, owners said no

20 V-Strikes E-Strikes against Great Northern Railway and Pullman Palace Car Company 1-led by Eugene V. Debs A) created American Railway Union B) ran for President FIVE times as Socialist candidate 2-received all demands in GNR strike 3-Pullman company cut wages 28% 4-President Cleveland sent in troops claiming strike was illegal since it stopped US Mail (trains would carry mail) 5-Debs was arrested for illegal strike (Supreme Court affirmed this)