Ancestral Origins of Baltic N-Z ver /

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1 Copyright G. Dunkel Ancestral Origins of Baltic N-Z ver / This small-scale study is an update to the previous version 1.3./2016. There is a good reason to do this review, because to our project has joined many new members during the year and we have received numerous BigY results for review. This study includes 103 results of N-Z members who are have announced their ancestry information. Unfortunately, 5% of Z tested like to keep this information secret. The source material for this review is the members of the Baltic N-Z project. Country Y-DNA tested (FtDNA) Z members Britania Ireland Germany Hungary Denmark Belarus Czech Slovakia Estonia The comparison computationally studied SNP Z percentage of population in different countries, and on this basis is assumed the conceivable origin country of SNP mutations. Results of close relatives have been combined into one result, so that results are more equally balanced. Significant and unfortunate is, that Estonia and are countries, which are low tested countries by FtDNA, and still, many results are from these countries.

2 Ancestral Origin of N-Z the proportion (%) of the population (n=103) Estonia Czech Slovakia Hungary Belarus Denmark Germany Ireland Britania 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 Picture 1 TMRCA of SNP N-Z16981 is already 2700 years, but still there is strong concentration hits and Estonia, where 3% of population belong to N-Z16981 genetic group. This 3% must be minimum, because it s calculated by the number of project members, and all FtDNA tested are not joined to the project. Maybe 20% of the tested Balts are missing from the Baltic N-Z project, but this part can t be estimated in figures, because all comparative data are missing. It is more important to note the strong accumulation, instead of accurate number information. This result is difficult to interpret in any other way, that the origin of SNP N-Z16981 is in the northern part of Baltic. Third country, Lithuania, is a natural extension to the south and mix with other Baltic genetic clusters. The opposite direction to is much smaller, as there are only a few results of well-tested Finns. The order of the countries has changed slightly comparing last analysis 2016:, Estonia, MDA, CZE, LTU, BLR, POL, HUN, ROU, FIN, UKR, RUS..but two first dominated also on the last analysis This reference principle points out the origin of North Baltic, so next graphs are built from younger Z16981 branches, Y6075, Y1182, and to find them some personalized features:

3 Y the proportion (%) of the population (n=16) Picture 2 N-Y11882 is strongest branch in. Almost a third of Z16981 balts exist in. Comparing with next graph of N-A11740, Y1882 has stronger Lithuania and not any to Estonia samples. The direction of Y11882 emigration is to the southeast. + the proportion (%) of the population (n=14) Estonia Picture 3 has strong influence of Estonia, (also to ). This difference gives the assumption, that the origin of A11740 is more northern (or western) than the origin of Y11882.

4 + the proportion (%) of the population (n=15) Denmark Picture 4 This graph also shows origin to branch of N-. This part of the analysis is very deficient, because any Estonian FtDNA tested result is not found. The largest amount is found in, also in Estonian Biocentre includes results, so in reality Estonia can be even potential origin of. Slovakia Czech Hungary Germany Ireland Picture 5 Y6075+ the proportion (%) of the population (n=20) Branch N-Y6075 differs most from other Z16981 branches. The current concentration is in Central Europe without connection to Estonia or. Even Lithuania plays a small part. Since Z16981 is weighted otherwise in the North part of Baltic, the origin of this Y6075 branch can t be far from the same region, especially because the Y6075 is the oldest of Z16981 branches. Under these conditions one might expect, that origin of N-Y6075 is Lithuania and emigration from origin to the south has happened after early development as well through the genetic bottleneck.

5 LATVIA LITHUANIA 36 % Y % 40 % Y % 14 % 21 % Y % 13 % 13 % ESTONIA FINLAND 20 % 46 % 36 % 80 % 18 % Pictures 6,7,8,9: These four graphs shows how Z16981 is distributed by country. Unfrotunately the clusters of Unknowns are significant, but still this information supports all conclutions of origins, (exept Estonia with too scanty data). Another important piece of information is to note, that genetic branches are mixed in the areas. Correlation of genetic branches between the ancient tribes is very ambiguous, because the cultural tribes have also been genetically mixed for thousands of years. This update ver.2.0 version has brought a lot of insight into the N-Z16981's branches. Certainty new BigY results will give us new information to make better conclusions. Based on the original data, we can estimate that there are currently about one million people in the world, who belongs to N-Z group. Georg Dunkel Baltic N-Z Project