DROUGHT RESPONSE HIGHLIGHTS HERAT SITUATION REPORT WEEKLY TRENDS HERAT + BADGHIS 1. FEBRUARY. 2019

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1 DROUGHT RESPONSE SITUATION REPORT HERAT + BADGHIS. FEBRUARY. 09 An IDP family from Badghis, en route to Herat City, registers at IOM s Flow Monitoring Point in Armalek. IOM 09 Through Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) installed on major routes connecting to Herat City, IOM s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) has been monitoring inflows of drought-affected IDPs, since 9 September 08. DTM identifies and registers only newly arriving IDPs, provides IDP Cards to registered families, and shares the information with World Food Programme and humanitarian partners to facilitate onward registration of newlyarriving IDPs into humanitarian assistance programmes. DTM also tracks the outflow of IDPs from Herat City returning to their places of origin or into secondary displacement. WEEKLY TRENDS Inflows of newly-arrived IDPs peaked at over,00 families per week in the week of 8 September and 5 October. There was a sharp, 74% decrease from 5 to 9 October. There was a modest spike of 456 families recorded in the last 5 days of October. Due to funding limitations, DTM discontinued activities from to 5 November, after which inflows remained relatively low at an average 00 families per week, further decreasing to 00 families per week after 4 January. Recently, there was a nominal increase to almost 00 families, predominantly from Badghis. Families,400,00, /4/ //08 Newly Arrived IDP Families Weekly Trends,60 9/8/08, 0/5/ // /9/08 8 0/6/ //08 6 /6/08 0 //08 68 /0/08 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb 97 /7/08 /4/08 40 //08 7 /8/08 09 /4/09 0 //09 94 /8/09 9 /5/09 68 //09 HIGHLIGHTS HERAT The results presented in this report are cumulative from 9 September 08, when DTM commenced flow monitoring in Herat. Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) at Armalek, Rabat Sangi, and Chaharsoy Guzara 5,765 (7,5 families) IDPs enumerated across all FMPs (inflow + outflow) 4.7 average family size,85 (6,87 families) arriving IDPs displaced by drought (89% of all IDPs),775 (6 families) arriving IDPs displaced by conflict ( of all IDPs) 8,08 (6,04 families) arriving IDPs intended destination is Injil district (79%) 9,9 (4,504 families) arriving IDPs are from Badghis province (54%),70 (5, families) arriving IDPs intend to live in tents or in the open air (65%),07 (4,65 families) arriving IDPs do not intend to return home (6%) 47 (7 families) secondarily displaced or returned home (0.) Families, Newly Arrived IDP Families Weekly Trends by Province of Origin Herat vs. Badghis 9/4/08 9//08 9/8/08 0/5/08 0//08 0/9/08 0/6/08 0//08 /6/08 //08 /0/08 /7/08 /4/08 //08 /8/08 /4/09 //09 /8/09 /5/09 //09 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Badghis Herat For more information, please contact: DTMAfghanistan@iom.int

2 HERAT + BADGHIS FEBRUARY 09 ORIGIN & DESTINATION Newly-Arrived IDPs Province of Origin Badghis Herat Faryab Farah Ghor Daykundi Kandahar Kunduz Nimroz Baghlan Ghazni 9,9 4,076, ,000 0,000 5,000 0,000 * currently active FMP; other FMPs were closed due to security concerns 5,000 Ghormach Kilometers 0 500,000,000 Turkmenistan HERAT Iran (Islamic Republic of) Kushk IDP In-Flow Countries Kohsan Primary Ghoryan BADGHIS Qadis Chaghcharan Obe DoLayna Tolak Secondary District of Destination Farsi Adraskan 5-50 Chisht-e-Sharif Shahrak Guzara - 50 Jawand Armalek Herat Chaharsoy Guzara Herat for Zoom Pashtunzarghun & District Roads FARYAB Kohestan & Karukh Injil Zindajan Province Trunk Qala-e-Naw & Active FMP Pashtunkot Garziwan Charsadra Muqur Abkamari Rabat Sangi FMP Location Status & Balamurghab Kushk-e-Kohna Gulran Qaysar 5 -,000 GHOR Saghar,00-0,000 Taywarah 0,00-8,00 Pasaband District of Origin Shindand Anardara FARAH 5 -,000,00 -,000,00-6,800 Khak-e-Safed Districts The vast majority of registered IDPs were drought-induced, hailed from Badghis province and were, accordingly, registered at the Armalek FMP. The vast majority of IDPs (74%) had no intention of returning home, preferring a permanent move to greener pastures and putting pressure on receiving districts, particularly Injil district, which is the intended destination for 88% of registered IDPs. Districts of Origin of newly-arrived, drought-affected IDPs in Herat City Balabuluk Gulestan Purchaman Baghran HILMAND Kajaki of Destination in Herat of newly-arrived, drought-affected IDPs Nawzad

3 HERAT + BADGHIS FEBRUARY 09 SEX & AGE COMPOSITION Children and adolescents under the age of 8 represent 60% (,46) of the newly arrived IDPs, among which 7,554 () are under 5 years old. The male to female ratio is close to even, with only 540 (%) more females than males. SPECIFIC NEEDS Shelter continues to be a prevailing need of IDPs upon arrival to IDP settings. An alarming,70 IDPs (65%) intend to live in tents or in the open air. Among the newly-arrived IDPs, there were,55 (5%) cases with specific needs registered to date. The most numerous cases include 668 chronically ill, 45 with critical medical conditions, 4 pregnant or lactating women, and 57 physically disabled. The vast majority (0,966 or 87%) of registered IDPs claimed to have no official identification documents, such as a tazkira. Only 4,755 IDPs had a tazkira available at the time of registration with DTM, although many families present tazkiras when they register for WFP s food assistance SCOPE card. Newly-Arrived IDPs Intended Shelter % 4 Newly-Arrived IDPs Age & Sex 4%.8% %.8% 0% 9% Female Male % 4% 4% 8% Infant (< ) Child ( 4) Child (5 9) Adolescent (0 7) Adult (8 59) Elderly (60 +) 5,48 4% 849 % ,0 % 487 0,87 9% 905 % All IDPs (In-Flow + Out-Flow) Specific Needs Own House Rented House Relative s House Non-Relative s Tent Open Air Don t Know Age Group Female Male Total % of Total Infant (< ) 6 % Child ( 4),450,47 6,9 9% Child (5 9),98 4,65 8,0 % Adolescent (0 7),590,69 5,759 6% Adult (8 59) 7,9 5,704,097 7% Elderly (60 +) ,05 % Grand Total 8,9 7,589 5,78 Chronically Ill Critical Medical Condition Pregnant Physically Disabled Single Head of Household Mentally Disabled Unacompannied Minors Single Females Deceased.97%, %, %, %, %, %, %, 0.0, Newly arrived IDPs from Kushk-e-Kohna district, Herat pitch makeshift tents at an informal IDP settlement in Sheidayee, Herat City. IOM 09

4 4 HERAT + BADGHIS FEBRUARY 09 RETURN INTENTIONS AT TIME OF ARRIVAL IN HERAT Upon arrival in Herat City, overall, 6% (,07) of newly -arriving IDPs express no intention to return to their places of origin. With the exception of IDPs who arrived in November and December, where 56% indicated they were more likely to return, 70% of IDPs are more likely not to return to their places of origin. At the time of arrival, an overwhelming 8 (8,868) of IDPs indicated that they were undecided about when they will return to their places of origin, with 6% (5,756) intending to return within 4 to 6 months. RETURN INTENTIONS Newly-Arrived IDPs Return Intention Yes,647 8% No,07 6% Newly-Arrived IDPs Return Intention by Month of Registration Newly-Arrived IDPs Intended Length of Stay Month of Registration Feb Jan Dec Nov Oct Sep ,97,75 96,85,79,59,546 4,450 7,00 7,850 0,000,000,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 Intend to return home Individuals No intention to return < Month Months 4 6 Months 7 Months Years > Years 9 5, , ,000 0,000 5,000 0,000 5,000 0,000 5,000 Individuals RETURN INTENTION SURVEY PRELIMINARY RESULTS On 0 January 09, DTM began conducting Return Intention surveys among IDPs living in informal settlements in Herat City and in Qala-e-Naw, Badghis. Developed with inter-cluster and partner inputs, DTM s return intention survey aims to identify the intentions, motivations and needs of IDPs to enable partners to develop assisted voluntary return packages and deliver sustainable solutions. HERAT Survey Progress Herat (target = 4,400) BADGHIS Survey Progress Badghis (target = 4,400),068 4% 800 8% Surveys Completed Surveys Remaining Surveys Completed Surveys Remaining, 76%,600 8% What are the MAIN reasons the first members of your household left your previous location / place of origin? rank all options: = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Reasons for Displacement from Place of Origin Herat Reasons for Displacement from Place of Origin Badghis Drought Conflict / insecurity Lack of jobs / economic opportunities Limited or no humanitarian assistance Lack of basic services Loss or lack of shelter, property or assets Limited or no access to land Illegal taxation / extortion Join family members Other natural disaster Significance (average, n=068): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Conflict / insecurity Drought Lack of jobs / economic opportunities Other natural disaster Loss or lack of shelter, property or assets Lack of basic services Limited or no access to land Illegal taxation / extortion Limited or no humanitarian assistance Join family members Significance (average, n=800): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important

5 5 HERAT + BADGHIS FEBRUARY 09 What were your family s main sources of income at your place of origin? Main Sources of Income at Place of Origin Herat Main Sources of Income at Place of Origin Badghis Agriculture Livestock Unskilled casual/wage labor Borrowing / loans Small business / trade Skilled casual/wage labor Charity / begging Remittances Savings Salaried work Humanitarian assistance Government benefits % of family income (average) Agriculture Livestock Unskilled casual/wage labor Salaried work Borrowing / loans Skilled casual/wage labor Small business / trade Charity / begging Humanitarian assistance Remittances Government benefits Savings % of family income (average) What are your current needs? rank all options: = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Current Needs Herat Current Needs Badghis Food Job / employment opportunity Clothing Household items Health services Shelter / accommodation Fuel Education Sanitation and hygiene facilities Drinking water Electricity Transportation Documentation / ID Communications Water for agriculture & livestock Mine clearance Livestock, feed & supplies Seeds & farming supplies Significance (average, n=758): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Food Drinking water Shelter / accommodation Household items Sanitation and hygiene facilities Job / employment opportunity Clothing Health services Fuel Education Electricity Communications Seeds & farming supplies Water for agriculture & livestock Livestock, feed & supplies Transportation Documentation / ID Mine clearance Significance (average, n=68): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Would you be willing to temporarily relocate to a designated IDP site, when available? Willingness to relocate to IDP site Herat Willingness to relocate to IDP site Badghis 407 8% 8 0 6% % Yes No Yes No Would you consider renting an apartment or rooms (in your current location of displacement)? Willingness to rent an apartment or rooms Herat Willingness to rent an apartment or rooms Badghis 8 % 8 9 5% 0% % 05 8% 99 86% Yes Yes, if assisted No Yes Yes, if assisted No

6 6 HERAT + BADGHIS FEBRUARY 09 How does your household obtain information about your place of origin or place of resettlement? rank all options: = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Information Sources on Place of Origin Herat Information Sources on Place of Origin Badghis Significance (average, n=900): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Significance (average, n=704): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Mobile Family & Friends Newly Arrived IDPs Community Leaders Religious Leaders UN, NGOs & Charities Radio Printed Materials Authorities TV Internet Mobile Family & Friends Newly Arrived IDPs Community Leaders Radio UN, NGOs & Charities Internet TV Religious Leaders Printed Materials Authorities Would you consider an assisted voluntary return to your place of origin? Assisted Voluntary Return Willingness Herat Assisted Voluntary Return Willingness Badghis 9 9% 0 9% 50 6% 59 8% % Yes Depends on assistance offered No Yes Depends on assistance offered No What is your household thinking about return, resettlement, or remaining at your current location? Return Intention Herat Families (n=068) Return Intention Badghis Families (n=800) %,,040 68%, 546 Remain in current location, Return to place of origin 7%, 4 Return to place of origin, Remain in current location, 99 Move to another country 0%, Resettle elsewhere in Afghanistan %, Resettle elsewhere in Afghanistan Move to another country, 9 When do you think you will return to your place of origin, resettle to another location, or move to another country? Return/Resettle/Remain Length of stay in current location Herat Families (n=8) Return/Resettle/Remain Length of stay in current location Badghis Families (n=54) Less than month Less than month 0%, to months to months %, 8 4 to 6 months 4 to 6 months 7 to months 7 to months %, 8 More than months, More than months 6%, 40 89%, 5 77%, 94

7 7 HERAT + BADGHIS FEBRUARY 09 What are your household s MAIN reasons for deciding to return? rank all options: = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Main reasons to RETURN to place of origin Herat Main reasons to RETURN to place of origin Badghis Better security Better environmental conditions Better availability of livelihoods Family reunification Better availability of safe drinking water Better access to health services Availability of humanitarian assistance Better access to education Better shelter Planting season Facilitated return assistance Agricultural inputs availability or support Forced eviction Better access to markets Better availability of pastures Better access to land & property Convinced by elders, family or friends Better social network Illegal taxation/extortion stopped Significance (average, n=): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Better security Better availability of livelihoods Better environmental conditions Better shelter Planting season Better access to health services Better availability of safe drinking water Better access to markets Better access to education Better availability of pastures Availability of humanitarian assistance Convinced by elders, family or friends Facilitated return assistance Agricultural inputs availability or support Better access to land & property Illegal taxation/extortion stopped Better social network Family reunification Forced eviction Significance (average, n=4): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important What will your household need in the location where you intend to return? rank all options: = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Assistance needed to RETURN to place of origin Herat Assistance needed to RETURN to place of origin Badghis Food Job / employment opportunity Drinking water Household items Health services Seeds & farming supplies Livestock, feed & supplies Water for agriculture & livestock Clothing Fuel Shelter / accommodation Education Electricity Sanitation and hygiene facilities Peace/Cease Fire Transportation Mine clearance Communications Land & property rights Documentation / ID Significance (average, n=): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Food Drinking water Sanitation and hygiene facilities Shelter / accommodation Water for agriculture & livestock Household items Job / employment opportunity Clothing Seeds & farming supplies Peace/Cease Fire Livestock, feed & supplies Electricity Health services Education Fuel Communications Transportation Land & property rights Mine clearance Documentation / ID Significance (average, n=4): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Districts of origin of families who intend to return with the above needs (see chart above). RETURN families in need Districts of Origin Herat RETURN families in need Districts of Origin Badghis 9% 6 55% 4 6% Badghis Balamurghab Badghis Ghormach Badghis Muqur 7 4 7% % % 6 4% 4 % Badghis Abkamari Badghis Balamurghab Badghis Ghormach Badghis Muqur Badghis Qadis Badghis Qala-e-Naw

8 8 HERAT + BADGHIS FEBRUARY 09 If, what would help you make a decision to return, resettle or remain? rank all options: = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Main decision-making factors for UNDECIDED Herat Main decision-making factors for UNDECIDED Badghis Significance (average, n=040): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Significance (average, n=546): 0 = not applicable; = very unimportant, = unimportant, = slightly important, 4= important, 5 = very important Better security Better environmental conditions Availability of humanitarian assistance Better availability of livelihoods Better access to health services Better availability of safe drinking water Better access to education Planting season Better availability of pastures Agricultural inputs availability or support Better access to markets Better shelter Facilitated return assistance Better access to land & property Convinced by elders, family or friends Forced eviction Family reunification Illegal taxation/extortion stopped Better social network Better security Better availability of livelihoods Better environmental conditions Better availability of safe drinking water Better access to health services Better shelter Availability of humanitarian assistance Planting season Better access to markets Better access to education Agricultural inputs availability or support Better access to land & property Better availability of pastures Convinced by elders, family or friends Family reunification Illegal taxation/extortion stopped Facilitated return assistance Better social network Forced eviction Districts of origin of families who are undecided on whether to return, resettle or remain. UNDECIDED Districts of Origin Herat UNDECIDED Districts of Origin Badghis Badghis Da yku ndi Far yab Ghor Herat Balamurghab Qadis Muqur Qala-e-Naw Khadir Almar DoLayna Taywarah Tolak Pasaband Adraskan Shindand Kushk-e-Kohna families (n=040) Ba da kh sh an Fa ra Badghis h Faryab Fayzabad Abkamari Qadis Ghormach Anardara Shirintagab Pashtunkot Maymana families (n=546) RESPONSE IMPLICATIONS Multi-dimensional drivers of displacement, such as conflict, drought, livelihoods, other natural disasters, and access to humanitarian assistance and basic services, show that a tailored response is required involving both humanitarian and development activities in order for people to return. Conflict / insecurity remains a predominant driver of displacement and underlying issue preventing IDPs from returning home. Most IDPs are likely to stay where they are for the foreseeable future, especially in Herat. There appears to be greater appetite for return in the Qala-e-Naw IDP case-load, than in Herat. However, many IDP families are still undecided and will need to be convinced that returning home is a viable and sustainable option. To promote return, a communication strategy and outreach to IDPs through family, friends, newly arriving IDPs and mobile devices is essential. Preliminary results support the need for the Inter-Cluster Coordination Team (ICCT) to proceed with the integrated response pilot in Badghis, which is focused on places of origin, and includes return packages with significant food, WASH, shelter/nfi, and livelihoods/agriculture components. Qala-e-Naw and Abkamari districts are currently the most viable, priority target areas for the integrated response pilot. DTM in Afghanistan is generously supported by: Co-funded by the European Union in coordination with For more information, please contact: DTMAfghanistan@iom.int