POPULATION FLOW MONITORING NIGER

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1 DEPARTURE AREA AND DESTINATION IOM works with national and local authorities and local partners to identify and understand migration movements in West and Central Africa. Population flow monitoring (FMP) is an activity that quantifies and qualifies flows, migrant profiles, trends and migration routes at a given point of entry, transit or exit. Since February 216, IOM has been monitoring migration flows at two points in the Agadez region of. Flow monitoring points are found at two points in the region of Agadez in, Séguédine and Arlit. The data collected provides an overview of migratory movements in the region. The information is collected from primary sources. However, this monitoring of migration flows does not replace border surveillance. Similarly, the results presented in this report do not reflect the total flow through the Agadez region due to the vastness of the Sahara Desert which covers more than 7 km2 and has a multitude of roads crossing the region. FLOW POINTS AND INFORMATION OF MIGRATION FLOW Mali Burkina Faso Algeria Assamaka Arlit Agadez Tchintabaraden Abalak Tahoua ia Toumou Séguédine Dirkou Bilma Chad POPULATION FLOW MONITORING NIGER The daily average of the number of individuals observed at the two flow monitoring points increased by 4 compared to April. During this month, Agadez, Sebha, Arlit, Arlit, Assamaka, Tamanrasset and Nguezzam were the main departure cities of flows transiting through 's two FMPs, while Arlit, Agadez, Sebha, Assamaka and Algiers were the main destination cities. The number of individuals in the outgoing flow has known four important peaks during the month. Individuals transiting through the FMPs travelled mainly by car (74%), as well as by truck (12%), by bus (1), or by other means of transportation, including motorcycle by foot or by camel (3%). iens, Malians and Guineans were the main nationalities observed during this month VULNERABILITIES DEMOGRAPHY DEMOGRAPHICS (obtained through direct observation and interviews with migrants, drivers, illegal migration facilitators, border police and Bus station managers) Women Men 576 AVERAGE / +4 DAY % OBSERVED INDIVIDUALS Adults 7% 85% Minors 4% 4% Increase Decrease Constant Variations calculated based on data of the previous month. 6 INFANTS UNDER 5 YEARS OLD ELDERLY PERSONS (+6) PERSONS LIVING WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITY PREGNANT WOMEN Period : 1-31 May 218 PROFILE OF MIGRANTS (obtained through direct observation and interviews with migrants, drivers, migration facilitators, border police and bus station managers) Algeria MAIN TYPES OF OBSERVED MOVEMENTS Short term local movement ( - 6 months) 23% 38% 39% Seasonal migration Economic migration ( + 6 months) COUNTRY OF DEPARTURE OF OBSERVED FLOWS Short term local movement ( - 6 months) COUNTRY OF DESTINATION OF OBSERVED FLOWS METHODOLOGY : Population Flow Monitoring (FMP) is an investigative work that aims to highlight areas that are particularly vulnerable to cross-border and intraregional migration. Areas of high mobility are identified across the country. DTM teams then conduct assessments at the local level to identify strategic transit points. Enumerators collect data from key informants at the flow monitoring point: they may be staff at bus stations, police or customs officials, bus or truck drivers, or migrants themselves. A basic questionnaire mixed with direct observations makes it possible to collect disaggregated data by gender and nationality. In, the flow monitoring points were chosen after consultation with national and local stakeholders involved in migration management, according to the locations and characteristics of the flows transiting through the Sahara Desert. The data collection is done at times where the flows are the most important. LIMITS : The data used in this analysis are estimates and represent only a part of the existing flows on these axes : Agadez - Arlit - Assamaka, and Agadez - Séguédine - Sebha. The spatial and temporal coverage of these surveys is partial and, although the collection is done daily and during periods when flows are important. Finally, no information is collected on existing flows outside the time slots covered. Vulnerability data is based on direct observation by the enumerators and should be understood only as an indication. Origin of transports % Change NIGER pp LIBYA 19-1 pp ALGERIA 7-11 pp Destination of transports % Change NIGER pp LIBYA 13-5 pp ALGERIA - 5 pp Mali Guinea ia Cameroun Chad Cotê d'ivoire Other MAIN NATIONALITIES OBSERVED 6% 5% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 1 67% INTERNATIONAL THIS PROJECT ORGANIZATION IS FUNDED BY THE FOR MIGRATION rodakarepcteam@iom.int - Credentials: When EUROPEAN quoting, paraphrasing UNION or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows: Source: International Organization for Migration (IOM), (month, year), Displacement Tracking Matrix IMPLEMENTED (DTM). BY IOM 1

2 NIGER MIGRATORY TRENDS ( ) The data presented in the graph below presents the total number of migrants identified at the two Flow Monitoring Points (FMP) for the period January 217 May 218. The month of May 218 has seen the highest number of individuals entering and leaving thus far in 218 with Arlit observing the overwhelming majority of movements into. The increase in flows into may be linked to the repatriation of iens and third country nationals from Algeria. The increase in flows out of, mainly passing the Séguédine FMP may be attributed to the seasonal migration patterns when youth search for work in Algeria and during the start of the rainy season in June. Period : 1-31 May Active FMP in 9 Information focal points The analysis of the data shows a downward trend in the number of migrants transiting through the FMP from March 217. This trend was confirmed in 218: more migrants entered and left in 217 than in 218. The number of migrants in the incoming flows increased significantly in February 217, when 27,23 individuals entering were observed. A peak was also observed in August 217, during which 12,82 individuals entering and 8,754 individuals leaving were counted. This is due to three phenomena: a stricter control of migration, the criminalization of persons involved in illegal migration and the deterioration of the situation in, as well as the repatriation efforts of nationals from Algeria who increase the number of migrants returning to, on the other hand. Comparing the data of the first five months of 217 to that of the same period of 218, a decrease in the incoming and outgoing flows is observed compared to the same period of the previous year The incoming flow has experienced a vertiginous rise compared to the previous month. In fact, the Algerian authorities are driving back illegal residents living on their territory. These people are usually pushed back to the border precisely around Assamaka, from there they walk on foot to Dune. IOM organizes search and rescue missions to rescue those who are lost in the desert. 3, 25, NUMBER OF MIGRANTS OBSERVED IN THE OUTGOING AND INCOMING FLOWS AT THE TWO FLOW MONITORING POINTS ( ) 27,239 Outgoing flow Incoming flow Individuals entering 6 77 Individuals leaving 1 61 Individuals observed in the internal movement Number of individuals observed at FMPs 2, 15, 1, 5, 8,424 6,524 6,329 12,82 8,416 9,411 8,754 9,471 4,82 7,142 6,549 7,77 6,855 6,821 6,77 6,37 5,442 4,972 5,44 5,656 6,56 4,439 4,863 4,19 4,6 3,91 4,758 3,592 3,85 3,464 3,834 2,541 2,669 All data included in this report is based on estimates. IOM makes no warranties, or any representations as to the timeliness, suitability, accuracy, reliability, quality or completeness of the data contained in this report. Jan.17 Feb.17 Mar.17 Apr.17 May.17 Jun.17 Jul.17 Aug.17 Sep.17 Oct.17 Nov.17 Dec.17 Jan.18 Feb.18 Mar.18 Apr.18 May.18 IMPLEMENTED BY IOM 2

3 NIGER Period : 1-31 May % ARLIT SEGUEDINE % INTERNAL MOVEMENT % % ARLIT SEGUEDINE % OUTGOING FLOW OBSERVED BY ENUMERATORS IN NIGER IN MAY 218 INCOMING FLOW OBSERVED BY ENUMERATORS IN NIGER IN MAY 218 The data in the graph below shows the evolution of the flows observed in in May 218 at the two Flow Monitoring Points (FMP). An average of 576 individuals per day passed through the FMPs during the month of May. The incoming flows were larger than the outgoing flows: in fact, more people entered than those leaving. The number of individuals observed in the incoming flows increased during the first half of the month, with people observed each day between May 1 st and 7 th, Moreover two important peaks were observed during the second week of the month, the largest being recorded on 1 May 218, when about 912 people coming from Algeria entered through the FMP of Arlit and 117 coming from through the FMP of Séguédine. The trend of outgoing flows is quite similar throughout the month with an average of 218 individuals leaving through the two FMP every day. Four important peaks were observed on the 1 st, the 2 nd, the 8 th and the 16 th with nearly 6 outgoing individuals observed. The internal movement observed throughout the month of May are also quite similar with an average of 34 individuals observed each day. Finally no movements were observed on the the 5 th, 17 th and 31 st EVOLUTION OF INDIVIDUALS FLOW OBSERVED DURING THE MONTH OF MAY Incoming flow Internal movement Outgoing flow 1/5/218 3/5/218 5/5/218 7/5/218 9/5/218 11/5/218 13/5/218 15/5/218 17/5/218 19/5/218 21/5/218 23/5/218 25/5/218 27/5/218 29/5/218 31/5/218 IMPLEMENTED BY IOM 3

4 MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION DEMOGRAPHY VULNERABILITIES During the month of May 218, there was a significant increase of movements into, with more than 7 2 individuals entering observed. Four peaks were observed during the first half of the month which are linked to the repatriation of iens and third country nationals from Algeria. On May 2 nd and 6 th, and 1 32 individuals were observed coming to through the FMP of Arlit while 912 individuals and 58 individuals were observed arriving to on May 1 th and 12 th respectively. Incoming flows decreased during the second half of the month with an average of 169 individuals entering during the third week of the month and 54 during the last week of the month. The trend of outgoing flows is quite similar during the month of May with an average of 93 individuals leaving per day. There was a peak on 2 May 218 when 191 persons were observed to be leaving Both the number of incoming and outgoing migrants observed at Arlit's FMP increased in the second quarter of 217. In general, more people were observed leaving than entering in 217. The largest number of incoming migrants was observed in August 217 (4,944 individuals), while the largest number of outgoing migrants was observed in December 217 (4,66 individuals). There is an upward trend in the incoming flow in both the first five months of 217 and 218. Between Jan May 218, a total of 14,14 individuals have been observed entering compared with 11,87 during the same period in 217, a 16% increase. As for the outgoing flows, the trends are decreasing with 1,323 individuals observed leaving during the first five months of 218, compared to 11,797 for the same period in 217, a 14% decrease. From Jan to May 218, 8,551 people transiting through Arlit's FMP were making an internal movement, of which 1,465 were observed in May (17% of the internal flows). 8, 6, 4, 2, 2,47 2,77 EVOLUTION OF INDIVIDUALS FLOW OBSERVED AT ARLIT DURING THE MONTH OF MAY POPULATION FLOW MONITORING ARLIT - NIGER Incoming flow Internal movement Outgoing flow 3,347 3,351 2,829 3,127 2,52 2,239 2,339 2,724 2,478 1,781 1,866 2,82 3,25 4,78 PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT THE FLOW MONITORING POINT Variations calculated based on data of the previous month Women Men AVERAGE / 374 DAY +126% OBSERVED INDIVIDUALS Adults 8,19% 81,39% Minors 5,41% 5,1% The demographic profile of migrants crossing through the Arlit FMP is mainly men (81%) aged 18 to 4 years while women represent only 8% of all flows. In addition, 2,254 minors were observed at the Arlit FMP in the first five months of 218, including 558 unaccompanied children. 241 children under 5 were observed in 218, including 6 in May 218, which represents a decrease of 29 individuals compared to the previous month. The number of elderly people and people living with disabilities have each increased by 19. The number of pregnant women observed at the FMP remained constant with 8 pregnant and lactating women observed for in April and May 218. NUMBER OF MIGRANTS OBSERVED IN THE INCOMING AND OUTGOING FLOWS AT THE FMP OF ARLIT ( ) 4,944 1,177 1, ,61 4, ,86 IMPLEMENTED BY IOM Period : 1-31 May 218 Increase Decrease Constant INFANTS UNDER 5 YEARS OLD ELDERELY PERSONS (+6) PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITY PREGNANT WOMEN At the Arlit FMP, 65% of the migrants travelled by 4x4 vehicles, 17% by bus and 13% by truck, while the remaining 6% travelled by motorcycle, on foot or by camel. 3,5 Outgoing flow Autres Incoming flow 1,886 1,777 1,496 1,752 1,352 1,369 1,661 Jan.17 Feb.17 Mar.17 Apr.17 May.17 Jun.17 Jul.17 Aug.17 Sep.17 Oct.17 Nov.17 Dec.17 Jan.18 Feb.18 Mar.18 Apr.18 May.18 65% PRIVATE VEHICLE 17% 13% 4% 2% BUS TRUCK FOOT OTHER 2, ,229 4

5 ARLIT - NIGER Period : 1-31 May 218 MAIN TYPE OF MOVEMENT OBSERVED MAIN NATIONALITIES OBSERVED Short term local movement ( - 6 months) 32% 34% 35% Economic migration ( + 6 months) % 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 4% 5% 8% 9% 56% Economic migration (34%) is the main reason for migrants passing through the Arlit FMP. (32%) was cited as the second most important reason for migration. A large proportion of migrants (35%) did not give reasons for their migration. PROVENANCE OF VARIOUS MOVEMENT OBSERVED The main nationalities observed at the Arlit FMP in May 218 are iens (56% of flows through the Arlit FMP), followed by Malians 9%, Guineans 8%, ians 5% and Cameroonians 4%. Ivorians, Chadians, Burkinabés, Liberians, Sierra Leoneans and Senegalese represent (2%) each. Other nationalities include Beninese, Ghanaians, Gambians, Sudanese and Central Africans quantified at 6% of the total number of people observed at this point of flow monitoring. DESTINATION OF VARIOUS MOVEMENT OBSERVED 45% 4 35% 3 25% 2 15% 1 5% 5 45% 4 35% 3 25% 2 15% 1 5% Tamanrasset Nguezzam Agadez Arlit Assamaka Agadez Assamaka Arlit The majority of individuals transiting through the Arlit FMP came from Assamaka (43%) and their travel was motivated by the repatriation of persons residing irregularly in Algeria. Others came from Arlit (24%) and Agadez (22%) in while 1 of migrants came from Nguezzam and 1% from Tamanrasset in Algeria. The main destination cities envisaged by migrants transiting through the Arlit FMP are the cities of Arlit (66%) and Assamaka (3). Approximately 4% of the people observed at Arlit's FMP plan to go to the city of Agadez. CE PROJET EST THIS MIS PROJECT EN OEUVRE IS IMPLEMENTED PAR BY L'OIM IOM 5

6 DEMOGRAPHY POPULATION FLOW MONITORING SEGUEDINE - NIGER Period : 1-31 May 218 A higher number of outgoing flows was observed than incoming flows at the Séguédine FMP in May 218. An average of 125 individuals leaving passed through Ségédine every day, compared to an average of 72 individuals entering daily. Three peaks of persons leaving were observed during the first half of the month: May 2 nd (545 individuals), May 8 th (466 individuals and May 9 th (566 individuals). The second half of the month was relatively calm with an average of 17 individuals leaving each day, with the highest peaks during this period observed on May 16 th (49 individuals) and May 29 th (351 individuals). The incoming flow was stable throughout the month with an average of 72 people arriving to everyday with the largest peak of this flow observed on May 17 th when 17 people coming from passed through this FMP. Throughout the month, only 136 individuals were observed moving internally and transiting through the Séguédine FMP EVOLUTION OF INDIVIDUALS FLOW OBSERVED AT SEGUEDINE, MAY 218 Incoming flow Internal movement Outgoing flow Since September 217, the number of individuals transiting through the Séguédine FMP has stabilized. This trend was confirmed in 218: the number of people observed during the last quarter of 217 and the first quarter of 218 were almost similar. Although the number of people entering has been on a downward trend since January 217, it has increased dramatically in February 217, when 25,458 migrants were counted. The number of individuals leaving remained stable throughout the period. In February 218, the number of people leaving increased sharply from 851 in January 218 to 4,287 in March 218, 4,395 in April and 3,879 in May 218. The number of people arriving to increased significantly in January 218 (4,151) and has in general followed an overall decreasing trend until now. PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT FLOW MONITORING POINTS Variations calculated based on data of the previous month 1 5 Women Men AVERAGE / 22 DAY -18% OBSERVED INDIVIDUALS Adults 2,61% 91,87% Minors 1,34% 4,19% MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION 89% PRIVATE VEHICLE 11% TRUCK The demographic profile of individuals transiting through the Séguédine FMP was mainly young men aged years while only 2,61% of the Autres individuals observed to be women. No specific vulnerabilities were identified. Given the geographical location of Séguédine, there are many roads going around Séguédine to avoid interception before crossing the border. In addition, from Jan to May 218, only 7 unaccompanied children were observed in Séguédine, out of the 1 26 minors who passed through this FMP. Migrants travelled mainly by 4x4 all terrain vehicles (89%) or trucks (11%). TOTAL NUMBER OF MIGRANTS OBSERVED IN THE OUTGOING AND INCOMING FLOW AT THE FLOW MONITORING POINT OF SEGUEDINE ( ) 3, 2, 25,458 Outgoing flow Incoming flow 1, 5,954 6,55 6,6 7,138 4,277 4,447 2,563 3,36 4,21 3,795 4,353 3,728 1,61 1,631 5,54 3, ,364 3,24 1,788 3,514 4,151 4,287 4,395 3,879 1,379 2, 1,733 1,687 2, ,6 2,242 Jan.17 Feb.17 Mar.17 Apr.17 May.17 Jun.17 Jul.17 Aug.17 Sep.17 Oct.17 Nov.17 Dec.17 Jan.18 Feb.18 Mar.18 Apr.18 May.18 CE PROJET EST THIS MIS PROJECT EN OEUVRE IS IMPLEMENTED PAR BY IOM L'OIM 6

7 SEGUEDINE - NIGER Period : 1-31 May 218 MAIN TYPES OF MOVEMENTS OBSERVED MAIN NATIONALITIES OBSERVED % 9% 1% 1% 1% 2% Other ia Chad Soudan Libye and economic migration represent the two main drivers of migration of people observed in the Séguédine FMP. Each driver represent 5 of the flux observed. iens account for 86% of the individuals observed at the Séguédine FMP followed by ns (9%) and Sudanese (2%). Nationals from Chad, ia and other third national countries represent each 1% of the observed migrants. Each year, youth workers from leave to seek jobs in Algeria and and return to at the beginning of the rainy season which usually starts in June. After the harvest, the youth return to PROVENANCE OF THE VARIOUS MOVEMENTS OBSERVED DESTINATION OF THE VARIOUS MOVEMENTS OBSERVED Autres Agadez Sebha Sebha Agadez 58% of the observed persons came from Sebha in while 42% came from the city of Agadez. The destinations envisaged by the migrants observed at the Séguédine FMP were Agadez (58% of individuals) and Sebha (42% of individuals). INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION dtmniger@iom.int- Credentials: When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows: Source: International Organization for Migration (IOM), (month, year), Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM). 7