2015 Humanitarian Response Plan 1 AFGHANISTAN 2015 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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1 2015 Humanitarian Response Plan 1 AFGHANISTAN 2015 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2 2 Afghanistan EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A humanitarian response to the life saving needs of 3.8 million people Internal conflict continued to cause displacements and deaths, with some 140,000 people newly displaced in 2014, reflecting a significant upsurge in violence in parts of the country. The start of military operations in North Waziristan Agency Pakistan saw the arrival of 225,000 refugees in Afghanistan. Flooding caused devastation for 8,000 families whose homes were destroyed in early In response, humanitarian partners provided emergency food and livelihoods assistance to more than 1.2 million people, support to some 390,000 people affected by conflict and natural disasters, life-saving nutritional assistance to nearly 140,000 malnourished children, medical services to about 500,000 people and shelter assistance to many of those impacted by flooding. Afghanistan is going through a period of transition; politically, militarily and economically. With the election of a new president and withdrawal of significant numbers of international troops, the country moved forward on a number of key issues in However, providing basic services and protection to all Afghans continued to be a challenge due in large part to the conflict and resulting economic burden. In a context of continued conflict, propensity to natural disasters, underlying chronic poverty and insufficient basic services, aid organisations will in 2015 provide principled life-saving humanitarian assistance in the sectors of food, health, nutrition, water and sanitation to some 3.8 million most vulnerable Afghans; with a focus on insecure, underserved and hard to reach areas. To achieve this, and taking into account the challenging operational environment of Afghanistan, a collective response, including emergency preparedness, robust protection mainstreaming, innovative access strategies, and strong coordination will be mounted. Key in providing life-saving relief is to link it to preparedness, mitigation against future shocks, as well as to advocate for durable solutions for the internally displaced, an expanded healthcare system, and improved water management to help reduce reliance on humanitarian assistance. The 2015 humanitarian response needs $ 405 million. This appeal, while comparable in scale to 2014 requirements, reflects a robust prioritisation of nutrition, shelter, WASH and protection needs, as well as those of refugees from Pakistan. These requirements reflect both what needs to be done to save lives as well as what can be realistically achieved though a collective response by humanitarian partners. $405 million requested 7.4 million people in need assistance to 3.8 million

3 2015 Humanitarian Response Plan 3 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW PEOPLE IN NEED 7.4 million people are in need including those highly vulnerable to conflict, food insecurity and natural disasters, 225,000 Pakistani refugees (30,000 families) in eastern Afghanistan, and nearly 250,000 Afghan refugee returnees. Many of those displaced by conflict in the last three years are still of humanitarian concern. Based on recent historical trends, approximately a quarter of a million Afghans are affected by natural disasters annually. It is anticipated that a similar number of people will be affected in Of these, those living on less than 1,500 kcal per day are impacted more by natural disaster and socio-economic shocks. Comparison of need severity PEOPLE TO BE ASSISTED A strategic humanitarian response is required for 3.8 million people in need of critical living-saving action, namely those suffering from acute malnutrition, preventable diseases, and those injured by the conflict. This figure includes some 140,000 people anticipated to be displaced by conflict and some 250,000 by natural disasters in The response prioritises those people in the most under-served and insecure areas, and is based on the capacity of partners and access conditions. KEY HUMANITARIAN ISSUES Conflict caused death, injury and displacement, with 7,965 civilians killed and injured by conflict from January to September 2014, 22 per cent of whom were children. 105,800 people fled their homes, in the same period, amidst increased fighting in Northern Hilmand and other provinces. 1.2 million children acutely malnourished ourished, of which 500,000 children under five years old will need treatment for severe acute malnutrition (SAM). 2.2 million people very severely food insecure, living on less than 1,500 kilocalories/day. 225,000 Pakistani refugees in need of emergency assistance fled their homes to neighbouring Afghan provinces in the wake of a full scale military offensive, straining capacities in already under-served host communities. New arrivals continue to seek refuge in Afghanistan. Half a million children dying of o f preventable diseases. Acute diarrhoea affects nearly 1.7 million and acute respiratory infection some 750,000 children under 5 years annually. 4,000 families face winter without adequate shelter. While the humanitarian community is supporting shelter needs of the 8,000 families who lost their homes following spring floods in northern Afghanistan, some 4,000 vulnerable families living at high elevation risk face the winter without adequate shelter. People displaced by conflict Cumulative monthly displacement (721,771 people displaced as of 31 August 2014) Those likely to be killed from the conflict, mines or ERWs have been included to account for preventative mine action programmes and timely trauma response. As detailed in the UNHCR Refugee and Returnee Chapter, 515,600 Pakistani refugees, Afghan returnees and undocumented vulnerable returnees are identified for assistance.

4 4 Afghanistan HUMANITARIAN DASHBOARD Key 2015 planning figures, needs and funding indicators Notes: (1) A civilian casualty is defined as a civilian killed or injured resulting directly or indirectly from conflict related violence. Data source: UNAMA Human Rights Unit, Sep (2) Data on individuals internally displaced due to conflict, and refugee returnees from UNHCR, Sep (3) Financial Tracking Service (FTS), fts.unocha.org, Sep 2014.

5 2015 Humanitarian Response Plan 5 HUMANITARIAN ACCESS 4 CONFLICT INCIDENTS 5 Number of attacks against aid workers or assets per month Three-month average 40 Number of incidents per month Three-month average 2K 20 1K Jan 2012 Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Jan 2012 Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul REQUIREMENTS TO DEC PEOPLE TARGETED TO DEC Clusters Requirements Clusters Target beneficiaries (individuals) ES and NFIs $40m ES and NFIs 157,000 FSAC $92m FSAC 2,125,000 Health $39m Health 2,723,000 Nutrition $78m Nutrition 2,100,000 Protection $40m Protection 1,423,000 WASH $25m WASH 1,902,000 Refugees and Returnees $63m Refugees and Returnees 515,600 Aviation $17m Aviation 24,000 Coordination $11m Total $405m NEEDS INDEX AND HUMANITARIAN PRESENCE 8 UZBEKISTAN TAJIKISTAN RESULTS JAN-JUNE 2014 ES & NFIs: 37% of 315,000 targeted persons reached 9 IRAN TURKMENISTAN 28 Hirat Farah Nimroz 13 Badghis Hilmand Faryab 11 Ghor 17 Jawzjan Balkh Badakhshan Takhar Sar-e-Pul Samangan Baghlan 10 Pnjsh. Nuristan Bamyan Kp. 22 Parwn. Kabul 20 Lgh. Kunar 60 Wardak Nangarhar Logar Ghazni Daykundi Pakty. 13 Khost 19 Kandahar Kunduz 12 Uruzgan Paktika Needs index Zabul 10 by province 17 PAKISTAN Low Medium High Number of implementing partners by province ~4 60 ~60 FSAC: 63% of 2 million beneficiaries reached Health: 23% of 2.5 million beneficiaries reached Nutrition: 41% of 1.2 million children and women reached Protection: 42% of 938,000 targeted persons supported WASH: 38% of 870,000 beneficiaries reached Multi-Sector: 36% of 180,300 returnees supported Aviation: 34% of 30,000 passengers transported Notes: (4) Various sources, includes all humanitarian related actors, (5) Various sources, Sep (6, 7) 7 Cluster requirements for 2015 Response Plan, Sep (8) Needs analysis from Humanitarian Needs Overview 2015, 3W data from clusters, Aug (9) Afghanistan 2014 Response Plan: Mid- Year Review, June Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties.

6 6 Afghanistan THE RESPONSE Coordinating action, prioritising resources, securing access, preparedness, and advocating for durable solutions The 2015 response will prioritise the most vulnerable, namely; conflict and natural disaster affected and displaced, acutely food insecure, malnourished children and pregnant and lactating women, refugees (Pakistani and Afghan returnee refugees), and Afghan returnees. the needs of Pakistan refugees, Afghan refugee returnees and undocumented vulnerable returnees. Timely humanitarian response will be provided by effective preparedness and contingency planning. SECURING ACCESS Conflict between state and non-state armed actors negatively impact on humanitarian support to conflictaffected communities and the safety of aid workers. Robust conflict analysis and access strategies aim to create and maintain access to people in need. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS The humanitarian strategy revolves around five key elements: COORDINATING ACTION Robust and strategic coordination underpins the overall strategy. Under the leadership of the HC, the humanitarian architecture will support needs assessments, contingency planning, emergency preparedness and rapid response; facilitate safe, secure and timely access to people in need; support an enabling environment, through among other actions, humanitarian air services; coordinate humanitarian financing; and mobilise resources for the 2015 Humanitarian Response Plan and Common Humanitarian Fund. PRIORITISING NEED Three strategic response priorities were developed to direct finite resources to life saving assistance. Priority 1: 1 Reduce excess morbidity and mortality, including maternal and child, and acute malnutrition, through support to basic health care services in high vulnerability areas; provision of food and nutritional assistance; support to safe delivery services for pregnant women, and water, sanitation and hygiene activities. The humanitarian community is prepared for increasing complexity and unpredictability. The Inter-Agency Emergency Response Preparedness (ERP), has four components: (1) Risk Assessment and Monitoring; (2) Minimum Preparedness Actions; (3) Contingency Response Planning; and (4) Standard Operating Procedures. ADVOCATING FOR DURABLE SOLUTIONS A cyclical humanitarian response is neither dignified for people in need nor cost-effective for donors. Addressing the fundamental fragilities that make Afghanistan one of the poorest countries in the world is critical to systematically reducing the burden of people in humanitarian need. Progress is needed in four key developmental areas to break the cycle of humanitarian dependence, including an effective and responsive health care system, durable solutions for internally displaced persons and refugee returnees, water management, and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM). Development Sectors Priority 2: 2 Reduce conflict related deaths and impairment and strengthen protection of civilians by supporting stabilisation and advanced trauma care facilities and referral mechanisms, and mine clearance action. : 3 Timely response, including lifesaving assistance, to meet the needs of highly vulnerable internally displaced by conflict or natural disaster persons, as well as

7 2015 Humanitarian Response Plan 7 CLUSTER RESPONSE SUMMARIES Addressing the most acute needs, identifying relevant lifesaving assistance and allocating limited funds to reduce excess deaths in 2015 EMERGENCY SHELTER AND NON FOOD ITEMS CLUSTER People Targeted 157,000 Number of Partners 34 Cluster Leads 0% 0% Priority 1 Priority 2 157,000 PRIORITY ACTIONS UNHCR, IOM MoRR 40 million 100% 1. Ensure immediate and appropriate service delivery of shelter & NFIs through assessment, prepositioning and post-distribution monitoring. 2. Ensure displaced persons have adequate and dignified protection from the weather and privacy for family life through provision of emergency shelter & NFIs. 3. Affected people living in damaged or destroyed houses are provided with appropriate short-term shelter solutions. FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE CLUSTER People Targeted Number of Partners 18 Cluster Leads 2.1 million PRIORITY ACTIONS FAO, WFP, RI MAIL 58% 0% Priority 1 Priority 2 42% 92 million 1. Address acute food shortages, protect and respond to the destruction of livelihoods caused by transitory shocks. 2. Improve the timeliness of response to natural disasters in terms of assistance to vulnerable individuals, and reinforce national capacity to anticipate shocks and reduce their impact. 3. Target 80 per cent of estimated 2.2 million very severely food insecure Afghans (1.76 million). 4. Distribution of life saving food and emergency livelihood support targeting 365,000 highly vulnerable displaced people affected by natural disasters or conflict. HEALTH CLUSTER People Targeted Number of Partners 44 Cluster Lead 2.7 million PRIORITY ACTIONS WHO MoPH 53% 25% 22% Priority 1 Priority million 1. Reduce maternal and child mortality and morbidity by facilitating access to critical primary outpatient care, immunisation, maternal and new-born services, integrated management of childhood illnesses and referral of complicated cases. 2. Reduce mortality and disability due to conflict through timely access to effective trauma care focusing on areas of conflict. 3. Timely identification and response to the impact of emergencies on population health.

8 8 Afghanistan NUTRITION CLUSTER >99% People Targeted Number of Partners 29 Cluster Lead Priority 1 0% Priority 2 <1% 2.1 million PRIORITY ACTIONS UNICEF PND (MoPH) 78 million 1. Enhance access to IMAM through expansion of nutrition services and enhanced community screening and referral. 2. Increase access to integrated preventive nutrition specific programmes such as micronutrient supplementation and promotion of infant and young child feeding and nutrition sensitive integrated multi-cluster programming. 3. Ensure timely quality community and facility-based nutrition information for programme monitoring and decision making. 4. Enhance capacity of government and partners to respond and deliver quality programmes at scale. PROTECTION CLUSTER People Targeted Number of Partners 46 Cluster Lead 1.4 million + 12 million (monitoring and advocacy) UNHCR MoRR 0% Priority 1 58% 42% Priority 2 40 million PRIORITY ACTIONS 1. Evidence-based advocacy to parties to the conflict on IHL & human rights law issues. 2. Internal displacement monitoring, assessments and targeted profiling. 3. Rights-based specialised protection services targeting conflict-affected. 4. Mine Risk Education and Mine & Explosive Remnant of War clearance to reduce death and injury due to residual effects of the conflict. 5. Improve access through increased national NGO cluster participation and establishment of protection information networks. WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE CLUSTER People Targeted Number of Partners 41 Cluster Leads 1.9 million PRIORITY ACTIONS WHO, Medair, DACAAR MoRRD 25.3 million 1. Implement critical WASH activities to reduce incidence of acute malnutrition and diarrhoea amongst children under 5 2. Implement critical WASH activities in 10 targeted provinces showing high risk of disease outbreaks. 3. Implement critical WASH activities for communities and individuals impacted by sudden extreme events. 78% Priority 1 0% Priority 2 22% An inter-sector approach to identifying the most pressing needs also served to foster cross-cluster cooperation and the development of multi-sectoral integrated response strategies that maximise impact of effort and resources.

9 2015 Humanitarian Response Plan 9 REFUGEE AND RETURNEE CHAPTER People Targeted 515,600 Number of Partners Lead 515,600 PRIORITY ACTIONS 16 (UNHCR led) UNHCR MoRR 62.8 million Covering first six months of Provision of protection and essential services to Pakistani refugees in Khost and Paktika 2. Facilitation of informed, voluntary repatriation of Afghan refugees from Pakistan, Iran, and other nonneighbouring countries 3. Provision of assistance to newly vulnerable, undocumented Afghan returnees from Iran and Pakistan. 0% 0% Priority 1 Priority 2 100% Note: IOM led undocumented vulnerable returnee response MONITORING The Response Monitoring Framework 2015 will track achievements against strategic priorities A response monitoring framework will track progress against targets for delivery of humanitarian assistance to affected populations. STRATEGIC PRIORITY ONE EXCESS morbidity & mortality reduced Reduced incidence of maternal & child morbidity and mortality through U5 incidence of acute diarrhoea with dehydration % deliveries with skilled birth attendant households with access to safe water Reduced incidence of malnutrition through % admitted U5 SAM & MAM cured % household with acceptable food consumption % severely food insecure people assisted STRATEGIC PRIORITY TWO CONFLICT related deaths & impairment reduced Reduced incidence of conflict related mortality and morbidity through % hospital mortality rate of war related cases # conflict casualties access skilled treatment % mine-affected communities Protection of civilians strengthened through # policies & programmes reflect IHL & HR # HCT level briefings on protection issues % Grave Child Rights violations verified STRATEGIC PRIORITY THREE TIMELY response to affected populations Unmet lifesaving needs of 2014 IDP & natural disaster affected populations met 90% shelters completed Timely provision of lifesaving assistance to newly displaced & natural disaster affected populations % receiving assistance within two weeks epidemic fatality rate within Int. standards % emergencies with adequate stocks Timely provision of lifesaving assistance to refugees, afghan returnees & un-documented vulnerable returnees % of Pakistani refugees registered education & psychosocial services for U18 # refugee returnees assisted upon arrival Monitoring data will be available on the Humanitarian Response website, with quarterly summaries in the humanitarian dashboard. Analysis in the periodic monitoring report (PMR) will help strategic decision-making, inform the 2016 planning cycle and guide the standard allocation strategies for the Afghanistan Common Humanitarian Fund. Full versions of the Afghanistan 2015 HRP documents Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) Response Plan (SRP) 2015 Afghanistan Refugee and Returnee Overview can be accessed through the following link:

10 More information afg.humanitarainresponse.info Facebook: UNOCHAAfghanistan Cover Photo Credit: Reuters, Mohammad Ismail