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1 Form (Dec. 1968) UNTED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE NTEROR NATONAL PARK SERVCE NATONAL REGSTER OF HSTORC PLACES NVENTORY NOMNATON FORM (Type all entries complete applicable sections) 1 West Virginia COUNTY: Pocahontas FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER L DATE COMMON: AND/OR HSTORC: Droop Mountain Battlefield On 7J CTY OR TOWN: West virginia b,+,,classffcatlon Pocnhontas CATEGORY (Check One) District Building Site Structure 0 Obiect PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Agricultural Government J Park Transportation Comments Canmercial J ndustrial (7 Private Residence Other (Specify) Educational J Military Religious 0 Entertainment Museum Scientific 0. QWNER OF PROPERTY OWNERS NAME: 'public Private 0 60th 0 OWNERSHP Public Acquisition: n Process Being Considered ACCESSBLE TO THE PUBLC Occupied Q Yes: Unoccupied 0 Restricted Preservation work Unrestricted FJ in progress J N,: 0 Division of Parks 2nd qecreation, X. Va. 3epartment of Xattlral Resources STREET AND NUMBER: Capitol Building CTY OR TOWN: Chizrleston [$. LOCATON OF LEGAL DESCRPTON COURTHOUSE. REGSTRY OF DEEDS. ETC: Pocahontas County Courthoase STREET AND NUMBER: C CODE des t Virginia 54 A rn i > 4?' j ClTY OR TOWN: Marlinton APPROXMATE ACREAGE OF NOMNATED PROPERTY: 288 acres (6, REPRESENTATON fn EXlSTtNG SURVEYS TTLE OF SURVEY: DATE OF SURVEY: Federal State 0 County Locol DEPOSTORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: STREET AND NUMBER: CTY OR TOWN: STATE CODE?Jest Virginia 5 4 n < 1 ; z c = G % 5. r

2 v DESCRPTtON. (Check One) CONDTON Excellent Good Fair Deteriorated Ruins Unexposed C] (Check One) (Check One) NTEGRTY Altered Unaltered 4 Moved Original Site 0 7 DESCRBE THE PRESENT AND ORGNAL (f b70r't) PHYSCAL APPEARANCE Droop Mountain Battlefield State Park is today a densely wooded mountain area cut by deep ravines and traversed by well maintained roads. Buildings, all modern, include a park headquarters, three cabins, small stone shed, shelter, and two overlooks, one in the form of a tower. Cranberry bogs occupy a large oval area in this center of the park. A small grassy field to the east of the lookout tower is the only large break in the foliage. Route U. S. 219 borders this property. The Civil War road to Lewisburg, however, extended over the mountain, and Confederate Colonel H. R. Jackson disposed his troops to block it against Averell's invasion from the North. At that time the northern slope of Droop Mountain was partially cultivated, strips of woodland partly concealing the approach from the pike. To attack this force from the front, Averell was forced to advance across open fields, but he placed his main reliance on a flanking movement through thick underbrush to weaken the Confederates' center. There is now little to be seen of trenches and fortifications, which were constructed in part of perishable materials; however, trenches are still visible along the northern boundary.

3 >NtFCANCE 1 >EROO (Check One or More as Appropriate) PreColumbian C 16th Century 18th Century Bth Century 0 35th Century 0 17th Century 0 19th Century $REAS OF SGNFCANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Aboriginal EducotTon a Political 0 Urban Planning Prehistoric Eng~neering ReligiodPhi Other (Specify) 0 Historic 0 industry 0 losophy Agriculture nvention 0 Science 0 Art 0 Landscape Sculpture 0 Commerce 0 Architecture Social/Human Communications Literature 0 itorion 0 Conservation Military El Theater [ TATEMENT 0 F SGNFCANCE Music 0 Transportation (nclude Personages, Dates, Events, Etc.) West Virginia soldiers participated in major battles on many distant fronts throughout the Civil War, but the Battle of Droop Mountain was fought on home soil, with West Virginiafighting.West Virginiain.close contact. This battle exemplifies the tragic Civil War descriptive. phrase, "Brother against Brother." When the Battlefield was dedicated as a State Park in 1926, it was to be developed as a memorial to both the North and the South. From a military standpoint, the.federa1 objective was to clear the Confederate forces from the Greenbrier Valley, which they occupied in its total length. A continuing objective of the North was the severing of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, lifeline of Confederate forces fighting in the eastern part of Tennessee. But access to this railroad was next to impossible as long as the Confederates blocked the Greenbrier Valley. There are six hundred and thirtytwo (632) actions of various types listed for the State of West Virginia; the Battle of Droop Mountain is considered one of the principal conflicts. Brigadier General William Averell defeated Brigadier General John Echols, CSA, of Virginia, on November 6, Averell's Federal troops outnumbered the Confederate troops 3 or 4 thousand to 1,700. Echols had the advantage of position from the crest of Droop Mountain. Dr. Dallas Shaffer in a booklet describing the conflict lists Union casualties, killed, wounded and missing, at 119 and Confederate losses at 275. The defeat of the Confederates restrained further Confederate action in all the area west of the Allegheny Mountains with the exception of a few minor skirmishe A West Virsnia historian notes that from the conclusion of this battle the Confederate forces never had any further success in West Virginia. n December, 1863, Averell was able to reach Salem, Virginia, and destroy the railroad at that point. West Virginia's part in the war was one of divided loyalties, as illustrate most clearly in the Battle of Droop Mountain. The Battle of Droop Mountain was in some degree responsible for the creation of the State of West Virginia, while Lincoln referred to Averell's victory to boost the morale of Federals in Tennessee who had recently been defeated by General Sam Jones at Rogersville. Federal Commander Burnside thought this news greatly encouraged his troops.

4 Shaffer, Dallas B. The E'attle at Droop Mountain. Division of Parks and?ec=ation, Eepart~ent of Natural Resources. Charleston, pp. For the lives of the principals, Averell acd Schols, Cf. Dictionary of American Biography. CORNER LATTUDE LONGTUDE LATTUDE LONGTUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds De rees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds NW a4Q o O NE Q * 48.M SE sw * * CODE COUNTY CODE A 3 c, f L, < d. : t \ t. f CODE COUNTY: CODE CODE COUNTY: CODE CODE COUNTY: CODE Clifford 31. Lewis. S.J. n contract with \J. i7a. Antiquities Commission STREET AND NUMBER: Wheeling College CTY OR TOWN: rate Octo'ber 7, 197C NAf lonal REGSTER VERfFCATON CODE As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89665), hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. The recommended level of significance of this norhination is: National State [?a Local 0 Dallas B. shaffk: Title State Liaison Officer herebv certity that this property is included in the Na tiona 1 Register. Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic preservation Date ATTEST: ate October 9, 1970 Date Keeper of The National Register

5 UNlTEr STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE NTEROR NATONAL PARK SERVCE STATE kes t '!i rgi niz NATONAL REGSTER OF HSTORC PLACES COUNTY Pocahontas PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY L/: 0 ~.,NAME (Type all entries attach to or enclose with photograph) Droop Slountaln Bzttlet lela AND/OR HSTORC: ENTRY NUMBER DATE k k. LOCATQN ' # B STREET AND NUMBER: u 3 E k v, W U. S. 219 CTY OR TOWN: 14 miles soutb of Marlinton CODE COUNTY: West Virgl nia 54 Pocahontas F:, PH~TU REFERENCE PHOTO CREDT: Henrv Ton~inn DATE OF PHOTO: Nnvemh~r , date of dratqinq 'JEGATVE FLED AT: jy. Va. Antiquities Comias ion, 39!.lountaiz La ir (Old). CODE 075 j Taken from Zsr of the Rebellion, Series 1,?ol. XXX. dispoy i.t ion of t roods at the Battle of Ursop Jlomtain. Shows

7 'Form (July 1969) UNTED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE NTEROR NATONAL PARK SERVCE NATONAL REGSTER OF HSTORC PLACES PROPERTY MAP FORM (Type all entries attach to or enclose with map) STATE lies t Virginia CWNTY Pocahontas FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMeER it. NAME COMMON: Droop Mountain Battletjeld ANOOR HSTORC: LOCATON STREET AND NUM BER: U. S. 219 CTY OR TOWN: 14 miles south of biarlinton ronc COUNTY: CODE JT cahont as SOURCE: 170 8E NCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. Property broundaries where required. 2. North arrow. 3. Latitude and longitude reference. w E S T V 1 FG,y,\ D EPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DVSON OF PL,Q K S CRAAN av STATE PARK JCWA~GH~ PROPERTY MAP

NATONAL REGSTER OF HSTORC PLACES PROPERTY MAP FORM (Type all entries attach to or enclose with map) COUNTY Pocahontas FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER DAT E U 3 U. S.

8 NATONAL REGSTER OF HSTORC PLACES PROPERTY MAP FORM (Type all entries attach to or enclose with map) COUNTY Pocahontas FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER DAT E U 3 U. S. 219 CTY OR TOWN: 14 miles south of Marlinton C CODE COUNTY: v!est Virqiniz 54 Pocahontas 2 & MAP REFERENCE U. S. Geological Stlrvey ( Lobelia) SOURCE: 1 W 1 : TO BE NCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. Property broundaries where required. 2. North arrow. 5. Latitude and longitude reference. AL 50 FEci SEA L'!VEY, r.rrshngton. 0. C D SYMBOLS S AVALABLE ON REQUEST LUBkLlA, W. VA. N 3800W

STREET AND.NUMBER: West side of Elmore, between Woodson and Third Streets OWNERSHIP

STREET AND.NUMBER: West side of Elmore, between Woodson and Third Streets OWNERSHIP For 10-300 (Rev. 6-72) $ii; tillllm C OMMON: UNITED S DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM (Type all entries - coplete applicable