10/13/2015. Anyone looking for reform Particularly solving the problems that resulted from industrialism and urbanization
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1 Anyone looking for reform Particularly solving the problems that resulted from industrialism and urbanization It was a reaction against laissez-faire economics and unregulated markets They were looking for more government involvement in economics They had faith that science and technology could help solve the problems. A group of journalist who investigated social conditions and political corruption. Jacob Riis described the poverty, disease, and crime that afflicted NYC in his book How the Other Half Lives. Upton Sinclair described the working conditions and sanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry in Chicago. 1
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3 "...[T]he meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit. There was no place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner, and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be ladled into the sausage. There were the butt-ends of smoked meat, and the scraps of corned beef, and all the odds and ends of the waste of the plants, that would be dumped into old barrels in the cellar and left there. Under the system of rigid economy which the packers enforced, there were some jobs that it only paid to do once in a long time, and among these was the cleaning out of the waste barrels. Every spring they did it; and in the barrels would be dirt and rust and old nails and stale water and cartload after cartload of it would be taken up and dumped into the hoppers with fresh meat, and sent out to the public s breakfast." (Chapter 14) Many progressive believed that we needed to make local governments more efficient. Mayor-Council Form Commission Form Council-Manager Form see web. 3
4 Jane Addams: Hull House Settlement House The American Bar Association National Woman Suffrage Association NAACP Anti-Defamation League Salvation Army Robert La Follette Direct Primary Initiatives Referendum Recall 16 th Income Tax 17 th Direct election of Senators 18 th Prohibition The temperance movement (Women s Christian Temperance Union) Volstead Act. 19 th Women s Suffrage 4
5 Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized the first women s right convention in Seneca Falls, NY. Post-Civil War split in the movement, a result of the 14 th and 15 th amendment. National Woman Suffrage Association, led by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, wanted to pass a constitutional amendment American Woman Suffrage Association, led by Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe, want the individual states to grant voting rights. The united to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Under the leadership of Carrie Chapman Catt the union decided to back Woodrow Wilson for President. This help him get elected. Child Labor Laws Workers Compensation Laws City Zoning Laws 5
6 The idea was growing Leaders like Eugene Debs, who received almost a million votes in the 1912 presidential election, help grow the American Socialist Party. Their goal: regulate business Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson would all pass laws regulating business. The end of laissez-faire economics. 6
7 The Square Deal Everyone gets a square deal. No more, no less He believed that Social Darwinism and the Progressive Movement could co-exist. He admired competition and efficiency He thought that most trusts and big corporations were good for the economy. Wanted to prevent them from hurting the public interest. Arbitration Enforcing Anti-trust laws when need ICC Dept. of Commerce and Labor Bureau of Corporations Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act FDA Land Conservation Gifford Pinchot: Head of the US Forest Service National land. 7
8 Attempted to lower tariffs, believed that they limited competition. He would be fighting a lot of Republican. The product was the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act. This would hardly lower tariffs, and in some cases increase them. Most progressives were upset. Children s Bureau Increased the regulatory powers of the ICC Increased some protections for the environment Ballinger-Pincot Controversy Anti-trust activities This bothered Roosevelt, convinced him to get back into politics and to run against Taft. Roosevelt started the Bull-Moose 8
9 Taft as a Republican Roosevelt as a Bull Moose Wilson as a Democrat See web 270 site New Freedom vs. New Nationalism The major difference between Roosevelt s New Nationalism and Wilson s New Freedom was economics Wilson wanted more regulations, particularly on trust Underwood Tariff Decrease of about 30% Income Tax The Federal Reserve System Panic of 1907 Federal Trade Commission Clayton Antitrust Act Adamson Act 8 hour work day for railroad workers Federal Farm Loan Act 9
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