2.5 - PROGRESSIVE ERA POLITICS UNIT 2 THE PROGRESSIVE ERA SECTION 5 POLITICS

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1 2.5 - PROGRESSIVE ERA POLITICS UNIT 2 THE PROGRESSIVE ERA SECTION 5 POLITICS

2 Learning Targets & Key Words The Students Will Be Able To (TSWBAT): Identify the major accomplishments of Progressive Era presidents Understand and identify the key reforms made to US government and the federal political system during the Progressive Era EQ: What major changes were made to US government and politics during the Progressive Era? Did they fix the issues remaining from the Gilded Age? Key Words: Reform Square Deal Progressive Party

3 THE PROGRESSIVE ERA PRESIDENTS: 1. ROOSEVELT, 2. TAFT, & 3. WILSON

4 1. President Theodore ( Teddy ) Roosevelt 2 Terms: th President Party: Republican 43 years old, youngest President (then) Founded the Progressive Party Pushed for reform in gov t & society Young war hero; fought in the Spanish- American War Rough Riders (volunteer cavalry) Energetic, opinionated

5 Roosevelt s Square Deal Expand powers of the president and push progressive reforms Kept the wealthy from taking advantage of small business owners & the poor When I say I believe in a square deal, I do not mean to give every man the best hand. If good cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing.

6 Roosevelt & Railroads Before Roosevelt: Monopolies on shipping goods, could charge any rate ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) had little power After Teddy: Elkins Act (1903) no more special rates for Railroads Hepburn Act (1906) More power for ICC; increased railroad regulation

7 What is the message of this political cartoon?

8 What is the message of this political cartoon?

9 Teddy the Trustbuster Trusts (Monopolies) Roosevelt dissolved: Railroads (Northern Securities Company) Also, beef and agricultural companies Good trust? Big businesses are sometimes more efficient Bad trust? When they bully smaller businesses or cheat consumers

10 Roosevelt, Food, & Drugs Meat Inspection Act (1906) Federal inspection of meat & meat-processing plants Promoted sanitation Pure Food & Drug Act (1906) Federal inspection of foods, drugs; mislabeling foods is illegal Later leads to the FDA (Food & Drug Administration)

11 Roosevelt & the Forests 100 million acres of forest set aside John Muir Helped create Yosemite National Park; wanted to leave forests untouched Gifford Pinchot Rational use plan; allow public use of forests

12 Roosevelt & Water National Reclamation Act Federal government decides where/how water is distributed Water management projects create huge reservoirs

13 2. President William Howard Taft Term: th President Party: Republican After 8 years, Roosevelt steps down Roosevelt supports fellow republican William Howard Taft (Secretary of War) Taft wins 1908 Presidential Election Many feel Taft was simply using Roosevelt s policies and had few of his own

14 Taft and his bath tub

15 Taft s Reforms Payne-Aldrich Act (1909) Lowers tariffs, though not as much as Roosevelt wanted Progressives were furious Mann-Elkins Act (1910) More government control of telephone & telegraph rates

16 Taft in the White House

17 Taft & Trustbusting Standard Oil & US Steel But takes power from the Sherman Antitrust Act Big monopolies are okay if they do not squeeze out smaller companies Roosevelt is unhappy with Taft, & decides to run for a 3 rd term

18 Election of 1912 Republicans (Split) Democrats Republicans are split going into the 1912 election: (1) Progressive Republicans (Bull Moose Party) Roosevelt New Nationalism restore the government s trustbusting power (2) Loyal Republicans Taft Woodrow Wilson & New Freedom : Strict gov t control of big business Freedom for small businesses **Wins the election

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21 3. President Woodrow Wilson 2 Terms: th President Party: Democrat Wanted to Attack the Triple Wall of Privilege Anti-big business Major reformer of the Progressive Era President during WWI

22 Wilson s Reforms Attacking the Triple Wall of Privilege : Underwood Tariff (1913) Reduced tariffs (allows consumers to buy foreign goods at lower prices) Federal Reserve Act (1913) Central US banking system 16 th Amendment (1913) Graduated income tax Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) Heavily regulated big business; supported unions Federal Trade Commission (1914) Promoted consumer protection, regulated monopoly prices

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