8. I am a woman s rights activist who called for a constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote
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1 Name Class Pd The Progressive Era Review A correct and complete test review will be worth 100 points A completed test review will earn you the right to complete test corrections after the test is scored. Only those who turn in a CORRECTED and COMPLETED test review will be given the opportunity to do test corrections Test corrections will be offered on your own time (before/after class not during class) Test corrections must be completed within 4 calendar days from the date of grade posting. Each test question correction will be worth 50 percent of original and can earn students a maximum grade of 70. I. Who to know: Muckraker Jacob Riis Robert LaFollette Eugene Debs W.E.B. DuBois Jane Addams Alice Paul Susan B. Anthony Upton Sinclair Progressive Ida B. Wells Richard Ballinger Gifford Pinchot William H. Taft Frances Willard Ida Tarbell Carrie Chapman Catt Woodrow Wilson Theodore Roosevelt Elizabeth Cady Stanton/Lucretia Mott 1. I am the 27 th Pres of the US. I am Progressive who brought many antitrust cases to court. I am also a conservationist who expanded our national forests among other things. I am America s fattest President 2. I am the 26 th Pres of the US. I served two terms in office. I got the job when President McKinley was assassinated. I am very charismatic and popular with the people. I was a Social Darwinist in int l affairs, but a progressive in domestic affairs. I eventually left the Republican Party to run for President as an independent (Progressive Party aka The Bull Moose Party) 3. I am the 28 th Pres of the US. I am a Democrat. I won the 1912 election b/c Taft (R) and Roosevelt (a Republican who ran as Independent/Progressive Party) both ran. 4. I am an urban, educated reformer who believes that urbanization and industrialization caused many of society s problems and that government should take a more active role in solving those problems 5. I am a muckraker who exposed the corruption of Big Business. In my History of Standard Oil, I criticized Rockefeller s ruthless takeover of many smaller oil refineries. 6. I am the author of The Jungle. In my book, I exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking efforts. As a result of my book, the Meat Inspection Act was passed during the Roosevelt administration. 7. I am the author of How the Other Half Lives. In my book, I exposed the deplorable conditions of the city tenements. I used photography to document my findings. 8. I am a woman s rights activist who called for a constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote 9. I am a socialist who ran for President in I won almost 1 million votes. However, the Progressives did not support socialism, so eventually, I lost influence. 10. I am head of the US Forest Service. I believe that to be conserved, lumbering on federal lands must be regulated by the government. I reject the laissez-faire approach to preserving public lands which held that public lands should be sold to the lumber companies who would conserve it as a source of profits
2 11. I am the Secretary of Interior under Taft who raised public suspicion when I tried to make nearly 1 million acres of public forests and mineral reserves available for private development. 12. I am a journalist who investigated social and business conditions and exposed corruption in society. 13. I am the Wisconsin Governor who made city and state gov ts more democratic by inspiring such reforms as the Direct Primary, initiative, referendum and recall. 14. We organized the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 which was the first women s rights convention. Because many women were also active in the abolitionist movement, women s issues were put on hold during the Civil War era to focus on ending slavery. 15. I am a woman s rights activist who served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). She launched the winning plan to expand women s right to participate in the democratic process and she used NAWSA funds to lobby and support prosuffrage politicians. 16. I am a woman s rights activist who advocated the use of protests to gain women s voting rights. This idea was almost unheard of in this era as women were expected to be gracious and lady-like 17. I am one of the founders of the Niagara Movement which ultimately led to the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). I led many black Americans to call for political action and voting rights to achieve equal rights. My efforts were not successful at first. Black Americans were largely left out of the Progressive reform movement. 18. I am a muckraker who focused on the crime of lynching. Through my efforts, the incidence of lynching decreased dramatically by the early 20 th century. 19. I am the President of the Women s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). My effort to reduce the consumption of alcohol in America eventually results in Prohibition 20. I am activist for many social issues, but I am most famous as the founder of the Settlement House Movement. My Hull House provided services for the urban poor, especially poor immigrants, helping them to assimilate into American culture. II. Amendments to know 16 th 17 th 18 th 19 th 21. women s suffrage (right to vote) 22. Prohibition: ban on the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol 23. legalized a graduated income tax, which provided revenue ($) by taxing individual earnings and corporate profits. Larger incomes were taxed at a higher rate than smaller incomes 24. allowed for the direct election of US Senators by all voters. (Before this amendment, the Constitution stated that US Senators were selected by each state s legislature)
3 II. The Supreme Court in the Progressive Era Lochner v. New York (1905) Muller v. Oregon (1908) US v. EC Knight (1894) Northern Securities v. US (1904) Strict Construction Judicial Interpretation 25. this occurs when justices extend the Constitution s meaning beyond the framers original intent and allows for reasonable inferences based on the text. This is also known as Loose Construction or Judicial Activism. The expansion of this has led to increased gov t regulations on private business 26. this refers to a literal reading and strict interpretation of the Constitution 27. In this case, the Supreme Court used judicial interpretation to expand the meaning of the Commerce Clause finding Northern Securities company guilty of antitrust violations 28. In this case, the Supreme Court adhered to a strict construction of the Constitution by stating that the gov t has no power to interfere in the right of an employer and employee to make a contract 29. In this case the Supreme Court used judicial interpretation to uphold a state s right to limit working hours for women. 30. In this case, the Supreme Court took a strict construction stance on the Commerce Clause when it found that E.C. Knight, a sugar company, did not violate the Sherman Antitrust Act. III. Progressive Era Political Reforms, Laws and other Political entities Pure Food/Drug Act Meat Inspection Act National Parks Service Act Hepburn Act Keating-Owen Child Labor Act Clayton Anti-trust Act Direct Primary Federal Reserve Act Underwood Tariff Referendum Newlands Reclamation Act Zoning Laws Recall Federal Trade Commission Act Federal Farm Loan Act Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Initiative 31. attempted to regulate the employment of children 32. this political reform increased democracy in the US by allowing citizens to directly vote to approve or reject laws passed by the legislature. 33. created a Federal Reserve Board that was appointed by the President. The Fed is responsible for regulating interest rates and controlling the money supply. 34. created to manage our National Parks to preserve scenery and natural/historic sites to provide for enjoyment of these sites without damaging them in the process 35. this act strengthened the Sherman Anti-trust Act by placing limits on corporations and spelling out specific activities businesses could not do. 36. these are laws enacted to protect the public by dividing a town or city into zones for commercial, residential, or other development, thereby regulating how land and buildings can be used. When enacted, they created a constitutional dilemma on whether such gov t regulation of property requires compensation or not (according to the 5 th amendment)
4 37. This lowered tariff revenue (Wilson supported tariff reduction believing that US manufactures would improve their products and lower their prices as a result of pressure of foreign competition), but added a provision for levying a graduated income tax on the earnings of individuals and business 38. this act strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) by authorizing the federal government to regulate railroad rates and set maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines 39. this act gave the gov t power to inspect meat packing plants: checked meat and set standards for cleanliness etc. 40. this act helped to provide low-interest loans to farmers 41. this established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to monitor business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling. The FTC also investigates businesses for anti-trust activities and issues cease and desist orders to those found to be engaging in unfair trade practices. 42. this act prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food, drugs, liquors, medicines required contents on label 43. this is the agency that currently regulates food and drugs. (originally done by the Bureau of Chemistry at the US Dept of Agriculture). 44. this act allowed $ from sale of public land to be used to build dams and fund irrigation projects 45. this political reform brought more direct democracy to the people by allowing them to put a proposed new law on the ballot by collecting signatures on a petition. This meant that voters themselves could suggest laws instead of waiting for elected officials to act 46. this political reform brought more political power to the people by allowing them to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from office before their terms ended 47. this reform increased democracy in the US by allowing all political party members to vote for a candidate to run in the general election (Presidential elections) IV. Other Progressive Era Action and Events laissez faire Bureau of Mines Anti-Defamation League (ADL) Coal Strike of 1902 Galveston Hurricane Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Women s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) 48. This event inspired Efficiency Progressives to call for changes in city government. They advocated that cities should be run by a city manager or commissioners to ensure that essential city service departments were headed by experts, not politicians 49. This organization was led by Francis Willard. It formed to address problems associated with alcohol abuse such as poverty, spousal and child abuse, and loss of productivity in the workplace. Their efforts eventually led to the 18 th Amendment, Prohibition. 50. This was established by Taft to monitor the activities of mining companies, protect waterpower sites from private development and to expand national forests
5 51. In this event, Roosevelt established the government as a broker between competing groups. When Coal Mine owners and workers failed to reach an agreement leading to a strike, Roosevelt intervened. He believed the strike was an example of groups pursuing their private interest at the expense of the nation 52. This terrible event led to the creation of new building codes and safety codes for American industries 53. This organization was founded as a result of the Niagara movement. W.E.B. Dubois was one of the leaders. It was founded in 1909 in an effort to gain legal rights for black Americans. It still exists today, and it fights discrimination in the court room through the legal system. 54. This organization was founded to combat stereotypes and discrimination. It is still active today, but in the Progressive Era, it focused on the discrimination of Jews and other religious minorities 55. This form of capitalism was criticized by Populists and Progressive alike. Both Populists and Progressives called for increased government involvement in the economy and society in general V. Questions 56. Through what means did progressives believe society could be improved? 57. List the two plans/systems suggested by the Efficiency Progressives that put experts in control of city service s ensuring that city governments run more efficiently List 3 actions by Taft that proved he was a conservationist List 2 actions by Taft that alienated the progressives What groups in America were largely ignored by Progressive reforms?
6 VI. Matching a. Social Welfare Progressives b. Big Business Progressives c. Efficiency (City Gov t) Progressives d. Democracy Progressives e. Environmental protection 61. National Park Service Act th Amendment th Amendment 64. Newland s Reclamation Act 65. referendum 66. initiative 67. Women s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) 68. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 69. Meat Inspection Act (1906) th Amendment 71. Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) 72. Pure Food & Drug Act (1906) 73. Direct Primary 74. prohibition 75. commission plan 76. US Forest Service 77. building and safety codes 78. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) Review Questions (Chp. 4) 1. Between 1880 and 1920, where did most new immigrants to the United States come from? (Be specific!) 2. What was the name of the gateway through which they entered? 3. During this time, why did prejudice against these new immigrants increase? 4. Name two ways congestion on city streets was relieved. 5. How were people able to travel between their homes in the suburbs and their jobs in the city? 6. Explain the Sherman Anti-Trust Act 7. Explain how segregation was different in the South than in the North.
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