BOARD ANSWER PAPER: MARCH 2014

Transcription

1 BOARD ANSWER PAPER: MARCH 2014 HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE Q.1. A. Complete the following statements by choosing the appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets: 1. Portuguese King Henry motivated navigation. [1] 2. The constitution set up in Germany after the First World War was known as Weimar. [1] 3. The movement of international trade began in Europe. [1] B. Match the correct pairs: 1. France ii. Pondicherry (Puducherry) [1] 2. Russia iii. Sputnik-I [1] 3. China iv. Canton [1] Q.2. Answer each of the following questions in 25 to 30 words (any two): 1. i. During Tsar s rule, the workers lived in misery. ii. They had to suffer low wages, longer working hours and inferior living conditions. iii. The reformative demands of the wokers were constantly rejected by the Tsar. iv. This compelled the workers to carry out their activities secretly. Therefore, in the year 1898 various workers organization got united and established The Russian Social Democratic labour party. 2. The objectives of the League of Nations were: i. To establish world peace and security. ii. To establish friendly and co-operative relations between the nations. iii. To solve the international issues with peace, avoiding the wars. iv. All the member nations are secular and independent and for the sake of national security all should follow the rule of League of nations. v. Obeying the International law. [Any four objectives: ½ mark each] 3. i. Revolutionary movement created extreme nationalistic feelings amongst the Indians. ii. The principles of the revolutionary leaders were to kill, to devote, to sacrifice as they were of the view that it was the only way to get freedom. iii. The revolutionary leaders thought that to make their motherland free, they had to kill British officers and create terror in them. iv. Revolutionaries built secret organizations, made weapons and trained the Indians for freedom struggle. Q.3. Give reasons for the following statements in 25 to 30 words each (any two): 1. Dr. Homi Bhabha is known as the father of Indian atomic age because of the following reasons: i. Dr. Bhabha was the director of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and the Atomic Board. ii. Atomic research city was erected at Turbhe near Mumbai under his guidance. iii. Atomic Science is studied through the atomic reactors present in this city. iv. Hence, in the honour of Dr. Homi Bhabha, the government of India named the Atomic Research city as Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. 1

2 Board Answer Paper: March i. Commodore Matthew Perry, chief of the American naval mission to Japan made a request to the Japanese government to ensure safety to the American ships within the marine boundaries of Japan and to provide business concessions. ii. Considering the extent and strength of Perry s Navy, the Japanese Prime Minister Tokugawa Shogun signed a business agreement with America on 31 st March 1854 at Kanagawa. iii. As per this agreement, Japan granted many concessions to America including the permission to do business in Japan under local rules. iv. Due to this, the non-aligned status of Japan came to an end and the decline of Tokugawa Shogun began.. 3. i. During the first world war, Germany used submarines on a large scale as a part of its war strategy. ii. The German submarines targeted a ship named Lusitania and the ship was submerged. iii. Several American passengers on board were killed. Germany did not budge inspite of all the warnings issued by America. iv. On the contrary, Germany kept on using its submarines. At last, America waged a war against Germany on 6 th April, Answer the following questions in 40 to 50 words each (any two): 1. Hitler was extremely angry with Weimer Republic. He criticized that such a collaborative government couldn t realize welfare of German people. Because of this Hitler tried to acquire power in Germany. i. Hitler believed in extreme nationalism and his ambition was to make Germany powerful nation in the world. ii. He increased the popularity of the Nazi party by giving assurances, ensuring the property of the middle class people, saving the educated and the capitalists from the clutches of communism, jobs for the jobless and enhancement of the nation through patriotism. iii. The Nazi party won several seats in German parliament in March 1933 elections but Hitler wanted total power and so within few months, elections were announced again and Hitler grabbed a huge majority. iv. Hitler became the chancellor of Germany in v. In the following year, Hitler assumed the posts of Prime Minister and President of Germany. vi. He set up a centralized government by dissolving the federal status of Germany. Thus, Adolf Hitler became the dictator of Germany. 2. i. The beginning of the Second World War caused the end of the League of Nations founded after the First World War. But, all the countries were convinced for the need of such an organization. ii. Hence, after the Second World War, initiative was taken to establish one such organization. iii. In 1941, American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced the Atlantic Charter. According to this charter, establishment of an international organization was necessary. iv. Following three years, the details regarding the formation of such an organization were discussed at the Washington, Quebec, Teheran and Yalta Conferences. v. In April 1945, at San Francisco, 51 countries approved the plan of the organization. vi. Accordingly on 24 th October 1945, at New York, the United Nations Organization was founded. 2

3 3. In the year 1919, Rowlatt act was passed which was considered to be unjust and unfair. i. In the provinces of Punjab, satyagraha was adopted to oppose the Rowlatt Act. The Government too resorted to repressive measures. ii. Prominent leaders like Dr.Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin Kichlu were exiled. Mahatma Gandhi was not allowed to enter Punjab. iii. Army was called to create terror amongst the Indians in Amritsar. Public meetings were banned in Punjab. iv. On 13 th April 1919, a meeting was called in Jallianwala Baugh, Amritsar to protest against the British policies. v. A number of people had gathered for the meeting when British officer General Dyre ordered to fire bullets at them. Hundreds of people were killed in this massacre. vi. As a mark of protest, Rabindranath Tagore returned the honour Sir given to him by the British Government. Mahatma Gandhi too demanded that one should not co-operate with such government who behaves like a devil. Q.5. Answer the following questions in 60 to 80 words each (any two): 1. Many nations in the world have decided to carry financial business with mutual co-operation. Public life is associated with property, service, capital, information and technology beyond the borders of states. Due to globalization: i. there is an increase in open trade among the nations. ii. there is an opportunity to invest on vast scale in foreign countries. iii. the world is brought closer by the media. iv. there is an exchange of knowledge, information and culture at international level. v. there is an increase in environmental awareness, potential of production and services due to use of technology and improvement in standard of living. vi. consumers get opportunities of selection and choice of quality goods. vii. mutual understanding among nations has increased and world has became a better market. viii. irregularities in agricultural products ended. 2. First World War witnessed the direct or indirect participation of a big number of nations including India. This war caused several long term effects which are as follows: i. Loss of life and property: a. The war witnessed a huge loss of human life and property. b. One crore soldiers and lakhs of civilians died. Most of them who died were the young generations of Europe. Hence, it also affected the future life of Europe. ii. Collapse of Industries: a. During the war period, European industries collapsed due to which the economic conditions deteriorated. b. All countries, except America and Japan faced economic crisis. iii. Increase in the price of commodities: a. During the war, European nations gave priority to the production of arms and ammunitions due to which the production of essential commodities reduced. b. The shortage of essential things led to the rise in price of these commodities due to which the daily life of the people got affected. iv. Emergence of super-power: America emerged as a super-power in the world, as it suffered the least damages due to the late participation in the war. v. End of Royal Rule: The Royal rules in Russia, Germany, Austria, Hungary and Turkey came to an end. 3

4 Board Answer Paper: March vi. Rise of New Nations: The defeated nations and their empires were divided into new countries viz. Poland, Finland, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. vii. Establishment of League of Nations: a. The League of Nations was established in the year 1920, according to the Fourteen points programme of Woodrow Wilson. b. The main purpose of this league was to avoid war like situations in future. viii. Humiliating Treaties: a. After the First world war, many treaties were imposed on the defeated nations. The Treaty of Versailes imposed on Germany was considered to be humiliating and unjust. b. As per this treaty, Germany was held responsible for the war and made to pay the war losses. This sowed the seeds of the Second World War. 3. i. The British merchants used to sell the Opium got from India into China. ii. The Chinese government was not in support of this business. iii. But the European traders continued to smuggle Opium into China. iv. The Chinese people used to buy opium in exchange of silver, causing a stream of silver export to England. v. This led to the First Opium War between England and China in the year vi. China was defeated and the Manchu empire was compelled to sign the Nanking treaty in vii. As per the treaty, England was given the control of four ports along with Canton port. England also won the Hong Kong island. viii. Taking advantage of these developments, in the following ten years America, France, Belgium, Holland, Portugal and Russia sought commercial concessions from China. Q.6. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word from those given in the brackets: 1. In Australia amendment to the constitution is brought by plebiscite. [1] 2. Diversity makes society more tolerant. [1] 3. In the absence of social equality political equality can become meaningless. [1] Q.7. Answer the following questions in one sentence each (any three): 1. The main aim of the Political Party is to capture and maintain power. [1] 2. Representative democracy is inevitable due to the large territory, increasing population and complicated nature of public issues. [1] 3. The method of distributing power among the regions within the country is known as the federal system of government. [1] 4. i. The objective of democracy is to achieve the well being of all citizens. ii. Democracy has to take the responsibility to reduce poverty and availability of basic amenities for the poor. Policies need to be decided accordingly. [1] 5. The countries where political parties are banned are Qatar, Oman and United Arab Emirates. [1] Q.8. State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons (any two): 1. True i. In China, elections are held after every 5 years for electing their Parliament. [1] iii. There is no way that the ruling party can be defeated, even if people are against it. Thus, there is no real democracy in China. [1]

5 2. True i. The United States is a democratic country. The U.S. is a supporter of individual freedom and it opposes restriction on personal liberty. [1] ii. The security of citizens is the duty of government, there should not be restriction on personal liberty for security purposes. [1] Thus, there are no restrictions on citizens holding arms in U.S. and they have the liberty to hold arms 3. False i. In one society, people having different characteristics live together. [1] ii. People from different groups speak different languages, belong to different regions. iii. Their religions and religious practices are different. Each person of a group has his/her own occupation, hobbies, skills. Due to this diversity, no society is uniform in all respects. [1] Q.9. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words (any one): 1. i. The citizens are linked to the government machinery through the political party. ii. Parties convey people s demand to the government and at the same time the government decisions or policies are conveyed to the people. [1] iii. People get the feeling that we can also participate in the government. iv. The reactions of the people or the feedback on government policies are taken by the parties. Thus, political parties are the link between government and the people. [1] 2. i. The nature of government is said to be complex as the scope of public affairs is quite vast. [1] ii. The decision taking involves complicated rules and details regarding procedures. Hence, it is said that the nature of government is complex. [1] 5