Test Paper Set II Subject : Social Science - I

Transcription

1 Test Paper Set II Subject : Social Science - I Time : Hr. Marks : 0 History - Chapter (A,B,C); Political Science - Chapter 5 Q.. (A) Complete the sentence by choosing correct alternatives :. The Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople in the year The European traders in China established an organization named Cohong. (B) Match the pairs :. Bartholomew Dias Portuguese sailor. Stanley American journalist Q.. Answer the following questions in 0 to 5 words each :. () The word imperialism has been derived from imperium, a Latin word. () The meaning of the word imperium is right to rule. (3) Imperialism can be defined as domination of an undeveloped nation by a developed nation by virtue of establishing a colony. (4) In other words, imperialism consists of an absolute domination of one nation by another nation.. () The Portuguese, the Spanish and the Dutch people had been more or less involved in business with Japan from the 6 th century. () As these people tried to spread Christianity in Japan, they were expelled. (3) Japan became a self-centred nation and the doors of Japan had been closed for the European nations for one hundred and fifty years. (4) As a result, Japan was known as a recluse (hermit) nation. Q.3. Give reasons in 5 to 30 words each :. () Constantinople (Istanbul) was won by the Ottoman Turks in the year 453. () The Ottoman Turks closed down the land route, the short route to Asia for the European traders. (3) As there had been an increase in the business in Europe and with the short route being under the control of the Turks, the Europeans felt the need for finding out new sea routes. (4) The European traders were keen to explore trade in the Eastern nations.

2 () Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese sailor came to the Calicut, West of India via the South African Peninsula in the year 498. () Vasco da Gama was allowed business concessions by King Zamorin. (3) The Portuguese had a great importance in the Indian politics in the initial stages. (4) However, the Portuguese tried to propagate their religion, expand their rule and business at the same time, but failed due to resistance offered there. (5) Therefore, the Portuguese could not set up their empire in India. Q. 4. Answer the following questions in 30 to 40 words each :. () In order to achieve the imperial objectives, the European nations brought in dominion over the Asian and African continents by different ways. () The various forms of imperial domination consisted of imposing political dependence, ensuring security to nations, bringing about compulsory business agreements, creating business monopoly and if possible implementation of divide and rule policy.. () Considering the extent and strength of Commodore Perry s navy, the then Japanese Prime Minister Tokugawa Shogun signed a business agreement with America on 3st March 854 at Kanagawa. This agreement came to be known as Kanagawa treaty. () According to this agreement, America was allowed entry to the Shimonda and Hakodate ports for procuring wood, coal and water. American envoy could stay in Japan. (3) The American sailors in distress would be given Japanese assistance. (4) America was allowed to do business in Japan by the local rules and regulations. (5) In this way, the non aligned status of Japan came to an end and the decline of Tokugawa Shogunate began. Q.5. Answer the following questions in 60 to 80 words each :. The European nations moulded by the renaissance movement developed a craving for modern imperialism. Because of this craving the entire regions under Asia and Africa were brought under imperial rule by the year 94. The various reasons for imperialism were as follows : () Scientific inventions : (a) The inventions of steam power, electricity, coal and iron revolutionized the means of transportation and communication

3 (b) Scientists motivated the creation of modern weapons which woke up the monstrous ambitions in human beings. (c) Consequently, there grew imperialism in many nations. () Industrial revolution : (a) Due to industrial revolution, the pace of production of goods went up, it became very difficult for the nations to sell the products within their national boundaries. (b) Hence, there was felt an urgent need for finding out new markets that boosted modern imperialism. (3) Need for raw material : (a) There was scarcity of the raw material as the production had increased due to industrial revolution. (b) There had also started a kind of rat-race among the European nations for selling the domestic production. (c) Therefore, these European nations colonized the Afro-Asian countries for just getting the raw materials. (d) So, the European nations had to turn their imperial attention to Afro-Asian countries. (4) Prosperity of Asia and Africa : With a view of taking advantage of the abundant natural resources such as gold, silver, diamonds, iron and coal found in Africa and Asia, the European nations brought the Afro-Asian countries under their imperial rule. (5) Rising European nations : (a) In order to satisfy the want of colonial power, the emerging nations like Germany and Italy began to attempt at acquiring colonies by seeking inspiration from England. (b) The imperial struggle of Germany and Italy brought in an international conflicting situation, thus giving stimulus to imperialism. (6) Ambition of political domination : (a) There were needed security arrangements for the imperial nations to win and maintain colonies that resulted into a tussle of winning terrestrial and marine military posts of strategic importance. (b) Some of the nations expanded their imperial rule for national pride and fame. The greatness of a nation would be decided by the number of colonies under it. (7) Propagation of religion : (a) The Europeans believed that the white man s religion and culture were superior.

4 (b) Establishment of the colonies was followed by the entry of missionaries for the purpose of spreading their religion which intensified imperialism. (8) Weakness of Asian and African nations : (a) The nation belonging to the African and Asian continents were weaker from political and economic point of view. (b) They were affected by invasions and feudalism, a great damage was done to the agriculture and business of these nations. (c) The societies too were divided by the religions, cults, languages, etc. (d) The European nations being scientifically stronger, took full advantage of the limitations of these nations and brought them under their imperial reign.. () With the purpose of initiating business with India, the East India Company was set up by British in the year 600. () The East India Company started to dabble in Indian politics as the Mughal rule began to show the signs of decline with intra dynasty conflict cropped up after the death of Badshah Aurangzeb. (3) In the Karnataka region, there sprung up a conflict in the bickering business affairs between England and France on one hand, and the politics at the court of the Nawab. There were three battles fought between England and France. (4) In the third battle, in the year 760, England defeated the French army at Wandiwash in Tamil Nadu. As a result, there came into being a commercial domination of Britain and its imperial roots got deeper into the Indian soil. (5) The British victory in the battle of Plassey in 757 and the battle of Buxar in 764 paved a way for the inception of the English rule in India. (6) In the second half of the 8 th century, South India had the domination of the Nizam, the Maratha rulers, Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan, but were defeated by the British. (7) There had been three battles between the Marathas and the British between 775 and 88. (8) Finally, Bajirao II had to face defeat at the battle of Ashti at the hands of the English army and the Maratha rule was thus conquered. (9) After the defeat of the Marathas, barring the Sikh reign, there had not seen left even a single local ruler throughout the length and the width of India. 4

5 (0) The British could not do any damage to the Sikh reign, as long as Maharaja Ranjit Singh was on the throne. In the wake of Maharaja Ranjit Singh s death in 839, the quarrels among the successors of the Sikh empire became an advantage for the British. () The English empire won the vast region under the Sikh empire between 845 and 849. () Lord Dalhousie undertook the mission of merging the local princely states into the British Raj by rejecting the adopted successors in Zansi, Nagpur, Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur. (3) Thus, in the hundred years between 757 and 857, England had almost the entire regions of India under its total governance. Q. 6. Fill in the blanks choosing correct word from the bracket :. In democracy all citizens have equal right to vote.. Citizens get fundamental rights and freedom in democracy. Q. 7. Write answer to the following questions in one sentence :. Democracy based on direct participation of citizens is known as direct democracy.. () Plebiscite is a method of acquiring public consent to get approval of the citizens on the law passed by the legislature. () Plebiscite is one of the ways of increasing people s participation in the democratic process in modern times. 3. A referendum is adopted to know the public opinion on some important public issues, thus involving the people in the decision making process. Q. 8. State whether the following statements are true or false with reason :. To propose a law is the responsibility of legislature in India. True Reason : The legislature is the law making body in a democracy.. There is Presindential democracy in India. False Reason : There is Parilamentary Democracy in India wherein the President is nominal head whereas the Prime Minister is the real executive. Q. 9. Write answer of the following questions in 5 to 30 words :. In a democracy, people participate in the government through the following means :

6 () If the representative is not functioning properly, he can be called back with the written request of specific number of votes, which is called recall. () Though law making is the responsibility of the legislature, citizens also have the right to propose a law which must be considered by legislature. This is called initiative. (3) In order to know public opinion on important public issues, people can be included in the decision making process. This is called referendum. (4) Lastly method of plebiscite is adopted to get approval of citizens on the law passed by legislature.. () In modern states, direct democracy cannot survive due to large territory and population. () Therefore, the citizens elect their representatives who can think, speak and act on behalf of the people, take and implement decisions. (3) It is called representative democracy since government is formed from among the elected representatives of people. (4) Since the people express their views indirectly through their representatives it is called indirect democracy.