B. Jethro Tull s seed drill made planting seeds V. Crop A. Years of planting only had B. By planting each year farmers were able to maintain

Transcription

1 The Start of the Industrial Revolution: WHERE, WHY, and HOW *What was the Industrial Revolution? The Industrial Revolution was a period that when humanity really began to *Why? I. Factors of Production A. Factors of production are B. happened to have all the things you need II. Natural Resources A. B. C. D. Revolution III. Transition to A. Early Grazing on the 1. Grasslands available to 2. Farmers didn t own the land, but B. 1. Wealthy landowners began to 2. Enclosed land became much more IV. Jethro Tull s A. The were more willing to B. Jethro Tull s seed drill made planting seeds V. Crop A. Years of planting only had B. By planting each year farmers were able to maintain VI. Unintended Consequences A. Improvements B. Most small farmers had to C. Most were forced to seek British Society VII. Manmade Resources A. Britain had a B. This made it easy for Britons to VIII. Entrepreneurs A. Entrepreneurs business ventures.

2 B. The the risk, the IX. Wartime Boosts A. Constant in Europe B. None of the battles were *Which industry was first affected by the Industrial Revolution in Britain? X. Industrializing A. The was the first to be industrialized B. New inventions made it to XI. Early Textile Work A. Most cloth had been woven out of material. B. Spinning and weaving were done XII. A. The made the process of B. could no longer keep up with demand for yarn. XIII. A. Invented by in B. Let one spinner spin at a time. C. Textile merchants could meet for yarn D. Early Response from 1. Hargreaves was able to produce so much yarn that, angering 2. They broke into his house,, and forced him to flee to Nottingham. XIV. A. Harnessed the power to replace. B. When hooked to, work could be made much more efficient C. 1. Power loom was a 2. The loom was very large, and had to be XV. A. Britain relied on which was very labor intensive. B. Eli Whitney s cotton gin separated out the much faster than by hand. XVI. Early A. Demand for factory jobs met by B. Dependence meant that most early factories had to be on C. Energy crisis 1. Reliance on prevented the spread of 2. In order to build away from rivers, a 3. Solution:

3 *What was involved in the transportation revolution? XVII. A. were put in place B. Connected many areas of. C. Made it even easier to XVIII. A. The first was invented by Robert Trevithick on a bet B. Trevithick s engine made use of XIX. A. Stephenson took Trevithick s design and B. Best known for creating the first C. It ran, and had four engines capable of. XX. New Industry A. The creation of a created B. More were soon needed. XXI. Agricultural Tie-In A. The Railway also had an enormous impact on the B. Food was able to reach, and always arrived than it had before. XXII. Easy Movement A. The Railroad was vital as a B. The rails connected C. This created more of a

4 Urbanization I. Rise of the - Causes A. By the 1800s people could make better money in factory than on a. B. New jobs were plentiful, and industry thrived. Population Change: For the first time, more people lived in big than the. II. Living Conditions A. As city populations exploded, they expanded. B. Cities rarely had or building. C. Cities were filthy, and rife with. D. Lack of Public Services. 1. Cities never had enough, so crime was rampant everywhere. 2. departments were also missing, as were health services. 3. Most families lived in one room. E. Urban Mortality 1. By the mid 1800 s the average lifespan in a coal city was years. 2. more than anything else killed off large portions of working class families. III. Environmental Disaster A. Industrialized cities became choked with soot from coal, iron foundries, and mills. B. The most industrialized area of Britain became known as, the country because of the discoloration of the land and air. IV. Working Conditions A. A factory that stays open longer can more, and thus sell more and create more profit for the owners. B. B. As a result workers had to work long shifts with few breaks days a week. C. Industrial Accidents 1. Factories were poorly, and had very little regard for safety. 2. Serious injuries and even death were D. Coal Mines

5 1. The most dangerous job was mining. Besides coal dust, mines were prone to and cave-ins 2. The average miner lived years less than any other industrial worker. E. Restitution? 1. Factories usually did not offer any kind of health or workman s comp. 2. Government did not impose safety 3. As a result, injured workers were usually fired F. Child Labor 1. Children were frequently employed in industrial factories because they were. 2. Because they were so small, they often had to in the machines to fix them. V. Rise of the Middle Class A. Most of the new wealth created by industrialization went to the emerging class. B. The upper middle class were doctors, lawyers, and managers. C. The lower middle class were mostly highly workers. D. Class Tension 1. The traditional upper classes looked down on the middle class 2. The rich felt that people who had recently become rich were. 3. The middle class resented this. E. The Working Class 1. The working class were left out of a great deal of the of industry. 2. However despite the worst kinds of industrial horrors, a sense of was instilled in the working class. VI. Positive Outcomes A. Despite the plight of the working class, Industrialization had many positive results: 1. Net Creation 2. Progress 3. Increased standard of 4. Vast increases in Increase in Material available.

6 Big Business I. American Rail A. A. In Britain, the railroad had a nation. In the US, B. Many sprang up along the railroad lines and prospered. c. Big Rail Consolidates 1. As the railroads became a major business, smaller lines were 2. By the end of the 1800 s only a few massive companies controlled II. Rise of Corporations A. A massive business empire like rail B. In order to raise money for such a venture, entrepreneurs sold shares of C. Corporations 1. A corporation is a business owned by anyone who has 2. Because shareholders are, it is very easy to get investors. D. Stocks 1. Shares of stock represent a. Buying a share means you are buying a piece of the company. 2. Owning stock comes with some rights, but it does not make you responsible E. Monopolies

7 1.Definition: Huge corporations that a. Vertical monopolies b. Horizontal monopolies 2. Who gets hurt? a. F. Rich vs. Poor 1. Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt were able to make their 2. This meant that Robber Baron: term used to describe wealthy and powerful American businessmen in the 19th century. Often used to describe men who their workers to increase their. Captain of Industry: term used to describe a business, whose practices had a impact on the nation as a whole.