Chapter 14. A New Industrial Age
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1 Chapter 14 A New Industrial Age
2 Section 1: A New Industrial Age
3 Industry Expands Period between Civil War and 1920s Industrial Boom Natural Resources Government Support Urban Population:
4 Exploiting Natural Resources Oil Drake successfully drills for oil in Pennsylvania: Steel Bessemer process: 1860s replaced by open hearth process
5 Steel cable bridges: Skyscraper: Age of Invention Electricity Thomas Jefferson Menlo Park, NJ 1 st research lab 1880 incandescent light bulb
6 Inventions Change Lives
7 Section 2: The Age of Railroads
8 Building the Railroads First Transcontinental RR : Nearly : Chinese and Irish:
9 Rail Road Time Travel by rail complicates telling time 1869 Professor Dowd s plan Divide U.S. : Pictured: 1913 Map
10 Railroads Transform the Country Promote Trade and Interdependence Link previously isolated towns New towns Rise of specialization Company Towns Pullman, Chicago:
11 Pullman Strike Workers at the Chicago Pullman Car Co. struck in response to their : The ARU supported the strike by refusing to run trains carrying Pullman Cars In June 1894 a rally to support the strike turned violent Federal : Participants:
12 Railroad Corruption Credit Moblier scandal Other Abuses: Rise of the Grangers Farmers begin demanding government controls over RR s.
13 Rise and Fall of the Grange Granger Laws Get officials elected at state and local levels Press for laws to protect interests Munn v. Illinois 1877 Supreme Court upheld Granger Laws 7-2. Right of :
14 Rise and Fall of the Grange Interstate Commerce Act 1887 Re-established right of: Est. ICC Difficulty regulating railroad rates 1897 Supreme Court: RR Consolidation Large companies acquire railroads in wake of 1893 panic & depression
15 Section 3: Big Business and Labor
16 Carnegie and Consolidation 1873 Brings Bessemer process from England 1899 Carnegie Steel = world leader Emphasis on Cost and Efficiency:
17 Relative Share of World Manufacturing
18 Carnegie and Integration Vertical Integration Control : Horizontal Integration Buy : Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer adapts natural selection to society Economists use it to: Appeals to newly rich
19 % of Billionaires in 1900
20 Merger Stock buyout Holding Company Company that: Rise of Monopolies Trusts Stock turned over to Trustees Run : Companies get profits earned
21 Rockefeller and Standard Oil By 1890 Standard Oil = : Low wages for workers Undercut competitors = prices, then Î them Robber Barons:
22 Gospel of Wealth $ Wealth no longer looked upon as bad. $ Viewed as a sign of God s approval. $ Christian duty to accumulate wealth. $ Inequality is inevitable and good. $ Wealthy should act as trustees for their poorer brethren. $ Carnegie gave away 90% of his fortune, Rockefeller gave away $500 million fund research, education, arts
23 Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890 Govt. made it illegal to form trust that interfered with trade. Proved : No :
24 Plight of Workers Problems Unite Workers Low wages Unsafe/unhealthy conditions Long hours:
25 Early Union Movement National Labor Union hour work day for govt. workers Knights of Labor 1869 Open to: Advocated:
26 American Federation of Labor Samuel : Skilled Laborers Collective Bargaining Wages, hours, conditions Strikes:
27 Eugene V. Debs Industrial Union Debs and Socialism American Railway Union Socialism Govt. : Equal : Wobblies (IWW) William Haywood Skilled : Included :
28 Great Strike Work stoppage: Violent Strikes Federal : Haymarket Riot gather in Chicago to : Bomb tossed at police 7 police and several workers killed 8 charged and 4 executed for inciting riot Public :
29 Violent Strikes Homestead Strike Carnegie Steel, PA Henry Clay : Pinkertons brought in Scabs Steelworkers launch: PA National Guard reopens plant Strike ends months later with: Undermined :
30 Women Organize Barred from many unions Demands: Equality in : Mary Harris Mother Jones March to : Pauline New-man 1 st female organizer of ILGWU Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
31 Industrialists vs. Unions Employers restrict Unions Deny : Ban : Discriminate: Yellow Dog Contracts Sherman Anti-Trust Act Strikes branded:
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