TALG 7 February 2018 The Arboretum, University of Guelph

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1 THE APPALACHIAN PARADIGM QUÉBEC AND ITS LONG-STANDING AMERICAN CONNECTIONS François Paré TALG 7 February 2018 The Arboretum, University of Guelph

2 Outline Introduction Childhood memories Québec s mass emigration to the United States ( ) The Americans in Québec: land ownership and tourism A North-South axis Montréal-New York Hydro-electricity Corner stores, pharmacies and airplanes The concept of américanité ( ) The Québécois and Donald Trump Conclusion PAGE 2

3 Cheesecake factory, Target, and Panera Bread! Steamed hot-dogs, poutine, and rotisserie chicken! Do wah diddy diddy (Mandred Mann and Tony Roman, 1964) Introduction watch?v=vk-2_phkpm0 Photo: Nuit Blanche PAGE 3

4 Childhood Memories Plattsburgh, New York: A day at the beach! Bienvenue à Plattsburgh, New York! PAGE 4

5 Childhood Memories A love affair with Vermont Picnicking in Newport on Lake Memphremagog PAGE 5

6 Childhood Memories So many expected road trips south! Interstate 93 to Hampton Beach, New Hampshire! Interstate 87 to New York City! PAGE 6

7 Childhood Memories Images of the U.S. border A fascinating mixture of similarities and differences Saint-Bernard-de-Lacolle, Québec -- Champlain, New York PAGE 7

8 Québec s mass emigration to the United States ( ) Louis-Joseph Papineau, the Molson brothers and the Manifeste annexioniste (1849) A dramatic demographic transformation Massive French Canadian emigration to the Northeastern United States and the U.S. Midwest Likely 1,000,000 French Canadians left the province First French Canadian parish in Burlington, Vermont (1850) North-South routes across a porous border Maine, Massachussets, Rhode Island, Michigan, New York and Wisconsin shaped by French Canadian institutions PAGE 8

9 Québec s mass emigration to the United States ( ) Amoskeag Cotton Mills, Manchester, New Hampshire PAGE 9

10 Québec s mass emigration to the United States ( ) Lowell, Massachusetts Birthplace of writer Jack Kerouac PAGE 10

11 Québec s mass emigration to the United States ( ) Woonsocket, Rhode Island PAGE 11

12 Québec s mass emigration to the United States ( ) Joseph Grégoire Lake Linden, Michigan Salomon Juneau and the founding of Milwaukee, Wisconsin PAGE 12

13 The Americans in Québec Land ownership The Northern Québec expansion, land access and ownership issues The pulp and paper companies (CIP) and the mining industry (Noranda Mines, Rouyn-Noranda) The American Hunting and Fishing Clubs Premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau: «it s better to sell the land to American companies than to loose our population to cotton mill towns in the U.S.» (1930) PAGE 13

The Americans in Québec Tourism (1880-1960) The Laurentians Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts The

14 The Americans in Québec Tourism ( ) The Laurentians Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts The Bas-Saint-Laurent Saint-Jean-Port Joli Rivière-du-Loup (Fraserville) Charlevoix Tadoussac, Murray Bay PAGE 14

15 A North-South axis Louis Balthasar: A traditional ambivalence toward the promotion (a refusal?) of an East-West axis in Canada A common North-South space created by a large and durable movement of population and capital A sense of shared colonial history (Boston, New York, Montréal) An North-South interconnected economic space that continues to shape contemporary Québec PAGE 15

16 A North-South Axis Video games (Ubisoft, WB Games) 40 post-production animation and visual effects studios (Despicable Me, Finding Dory, Playmobil) Hydro-Québec and its southern customers Corner stores, pharmacies and transportation Couche-Tard Jean Coutu Bombardier PAGE 16

17 The concept of américanité The concept appears in 1970 in literary studies and in the media (created by Radio-Canada writer and radio host Jacques Languirand) What does it mean? It points to a historical shift in Québec s history away from its colonial past It emphasizes the distinctness of Québec culture within the French-speaking world It extends to the continent itself the binary Canada-Québec relationship, seen as fundamentally flawed and unequal (post- 1995) PAGE 17

18 The concept of américanité It tends to promote a wider understanding of continental relations and focuses on cultural links between North and South America, and all its constituent peoples It seeks to define Québécois identity as rooted in early exchanges with indigenous peoples It is closely associated with particular images of nomadic landscapes, roads, musical influences, métissage (not multiculturalism) PAGE 18

19 The concept of américanité The concept of américanité has been the object of criticism: - It is a denial of Québec s particular national history within Canada - It tends to leave out recent waves of immigrants - It minimizes the role the French language in defining identity PAGE 19

20 Québec and Donald Trump Garnotte - Le Devoir, Montréal PAGE 20

21 Québec and Donald Trump Ygreck, Le journal de Montréal PAGE 21

22 Québec and Donald Trump Ygreck, Le journal de Montréal PAGE 22

23 Conclusion The perception among researchers that the Québécois have long harboured a deep anti-americanism is not founded in historical facts On the contrary, to this day, a majority of Québec politicians, artists and business people seem to adhere to a sense of shared destiny with New England and the U.S. East Coast. It is the Appalachian paradigm From the mid-19th century onward, Quebeckers have been moving across the entire continent, building distinct diasporic communities from Maine to Wisconsin and Illinois Recently, young Quebeckers have been active and enthusiastic participants in the American digital industry, creating a series of artistic and economic links between San Francisco and Montréal PAGE 23

24 Merrimack River, Lowell, Massachusetts THANK YOU! PAGE 24

Locating Places. 7. G Hudson Bay 8. D Great Bear Lake 9. B Pacific Ranges 10. I Mackenzie River 11. H Rio Grande 12. E Great Slave Lake

Locating Places. 7. G Hudson Bay 8. D Great Bear Lake 9. B Pacific Ranges 10. I Mackenzie River 11. H Rio Grande 12. E Great Slave Lake Locating Places Match the letters on the map with the physical features of the United States and Canada. Write your answers on a sheet of paper. 7. G Hudson Bay 8. D Great Bear Lake 9. B Pacific Ranges