Industrial Development in SC compared to Industrial Development in the US. Standard Indicator 8-5.5
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1 Industrial Development in SC compared to Industrial Development in the US Standard Indicator 8-5.5
2 Post Civil War industry developed rapidly due to: wartime government spending Federal Government s support for building the transcontinental railroad
3 Steel & Oil Industries grew due to: Discoveries of iron ore & coal in the west Need for steel to make the railroads Entrepreneurs investments Development of new technologies
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5 Expansion of western ranching & farming led to the development of: Meatpacking plants Grain processing plants
6 Immigrants provided the labor for the expanding industry.
7 What were the factors that led to the growth of industry in the US? Wartime spending Building Transcontinental Railroad Discovery of iron ore & coal deposits in the west Increased need for steel Entrepreneurial investment Development of new technologies Expansion of farming & ranching in west & Midwest Immigrant labor
8 SC was largely unaffected by economic growth in the rest of US due to: Planter elite belief that Antebellum agriculture was more noble calling than industry Conservative Democrat s lack of support for industrial development Conservative Democrat s revival of Old South not New South Little immigration
9 The railroad boom impacted US & SC US: spurred industrialization, cities grew due to location along track routes that connected suppliers & markets, established time zones & standard time SC: Columbia became regional railroad hub & time standardized
10 What factors led to the growth of the textile industry in SC? Railroad boom Supply of raw materials, cotton Changing attitude about industry New Entrepreneurial leadership Local investment capitol to build textile mills Swift rivers to provide water power Ready supply of workers: poor farmers 1895 technological innovations Eventually textile mills spread to Midlands & Lowcountry By 1910, SC was the 2 nd largest textile producing state
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14 Why was SC slow to industrialize? Planter elite supported agriculture over industry Conservative Democrats in charge & did not support industrial development Conservative Democrats favored Old South over New South Few jobs meant few immigrants
15 How did the impact of the Railroad Boom in the US compare to that in SC? United States Spurred industrialization Increased number of & size of cities Connected suppliers & markets Established time zones & standard time South Carolina Columbia became railroad hub Standardized time
16 Life of mill workers Description of Life: Lay-offs --> Loss of homes Child labor Long work hours (12 hrs.) Low pay, women & children paid less than men SC workers paid ½ of workers elsewhere Looked down upon as lint heads Depended on: Generosity of mill owners Economic conditions
17 SC Working Conditions Compared to US South Carolina Mill owners fired or crushed union organization, prevented improved conditions Tillman reduced work hours per week to 66 Suffered diseases b/c of the work environment Workplace accidents Political leaders backed mill owners over workers Working conditions poor Low wages Long hours United States Unsafe working conditions Diseases Lay-offs Workers more effective in organizing & striking National unions did not improve conditions US government supported owners over workers
18 What lured northern mills to SC? Production of cottonseed oil, lumber, and phosphates for fertilizers increased after Reconstruction due to the south luring northern mills south South offered cheaper wage & non-union laborers Charleston & Beaufort offered phosphate rock, bringing a degree of wealth to the coastal areas After the 1893 hurricane, Beaufort s phosphate mining never recovered & SC companies moved to Florida where new deposits were found
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