Reg. WHII. Day 2: Monday, March 20 ~Review WWII, Part One Test ~Chapter17S3 Study-Guide Due ~L/N/D/Q on Victory in Europe & Pacific ~Homework Ch 17S4

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1 Reg. WHII C17S3-5 WWII pt 2 4 th & 6 th Block Chinworth Day 1: Thurs, March 16 ~Individual Reflection on Living History Interview Due Today ~Review & Test WWII, Part One - Ch 17S1-2 ~Homework Ch17,S3 ~L/N/D/Q on Allies Turn the Tide Day 2: Monday, March 20 ~Review WWII, Part One Test ~Chapter17S3 Study-Guide Due ~L/N/D/Q on Victory in Europe & Pacific ~Homework Ch 17S4 Day 3: Wed, March 22 ~Turn in Ch 17S4 ~Review & Quiz Ch 17S3 ~Complete L/N/D/Q s for everything through Victory in Europe & Pacific ~LMC Completed PowerPoint Living History Project Due today Day 4: Friday, March 24 ~Living History Presentations ~L/N/D/Q The Cold War Begins ~Ch17S5 Study Guide Due Day 5: Tues, March 28 ~L/N/D/Q Cold War Begins ~Review ALL WWII Day 6: Thurs, March 30 ~Review and Test Ch 17S3-5 ~Begin The Cold War

2 Reg. WHII C17S3 Study Guide Name: Date: Pd: Directions: Read C17S3 pgs and complete the study guide below. Once again the Allies had to fight a by dedicating all of their resources to the defeat of the Axis. First, the governments assumed more power. Next, manufacturers were ordered to switch from making consumer goods like washing machines to the production of war materials like and. The government also started programs to food, sell war to raise money, & regulate and. Another action Great Britain and the US took was to restrict citizens, censor the and used to insure the general public supported the war. The US and Canada also forced people of descent into because they were seen as a national security risk. Finally, since men had to leave to fight the enemy, millions of women took their place in factories and other jobs; came to symbolize these women. Women contributed in all manner of ways, from fighting in combat, fighting in the resistance and helped gather intelligence. The turning point of the war was between and when the Allies began to win on all four fronts; the, North, and the. The Japanese will lose their first major battle with the US at the Battle of the. This was the first time that the entire battle was fought in the by planes launched from. The navies never saw each other. However, the real turning point in the Pacific happened at the Battle of where Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk. From that point on, the Japanese were on the defensive. The Big Three, as the leaders of the Allies were called, met on a number of occasions to strategize. The first time will be in, Iran in 1943, where they agreed that the war in would be their first priority, and then they would shift their efforts to the Pacific. Stalin also insisted that GB and the US open another front to ease the strain on his country. FDR & Churchill said they weren t ready for that yet. In North Africa, Hitler had sent his best general, Erwin Rommel to take over the Suez Canal. The British sent their best, General to protect it. In the Battle of, Rommel will be defeated and forced to retreat to. There, with the British advancing from the East and the Americans, commanded by, attacking from the West, will trap Rommel and force his army to surrender. (Rommel however, got away). North Africa was liberated. Since Tunisia is just a short hop across the Med. Sea to Sicily, it was the perfect spot to open the next front. The British & American forces landed first on Sicily and then worked their way the Italian Peninsula. King Victor Emmanuel III had Mussolini arrested. Hitler could not afford to lose his southern ally, so he sent troops to rescue him. Afterwards, Mussolini was installed as a puppet leader in the North and the Germans took over fighting the Allies in the south. As a result, Hitler was forced to divide his troops.

3 Another turning point was in the Soviet Union. Hitler ordered the invasion of the Soviet Union in By 1942, German troops advanced to the gates of (St. Petersburg), and. The fight over became an epic battle between the Nazis and the Soviets as both sides tried to claim it. German troops encircled the city and fought for months to control it. When winter began, the Red army cut off the German supply lines, and finally forced them to surrender. Afterwards, they went on the offensive and slowly drove the Germans out of their country. By 1944, the Western Allies were ready to put the pressure on Hitler by opening another front. To pave the way for the invasion, the Allies bombed strategic targets for months. Then on also known as -, 156,000 Allied troops crossed the English Channel and after a brutal fight, landed on. By, Paris was liberated. The bombing raids on Germany were designed to destroy their ability to manufacture war materials, so the Allies bombed the city of almost out of existence. They were also meant to squash their will to fight, so the city of, which had no strategic value, was firebombed. By the end of the war, 80% of Germany was destroyed. Not willing to go down without a fight, the Germans launched a huge counter offensive called the. It failed. With the defeat of Germany pretty much assured, the Big Three agreed to meet again in Feb This time the conference was held in the city of. The purpose of the meeting was to make plans for dealing with Germany, the future of Eastern Europe, and Soviet help against the Japanese. When Germany surrendered, it would be divided into parts, each administered by an Allied nation. Eastern European nations would be given the opportunity to hold elections to decide their future governments, and months after the surrender the Soviet Union would declare war on Japan. In exchange, the Soviets would get the southern Island, the Islands, and the right to occupy the northern half of. This meeting will mark the beginning of the Cold War. Map Activity: use pg. 581 from your textbook Locate & Label the following: USSR Egypt Libya Tunisia France El Alamein Stalingrad Normandy Yalta Suez Canal

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5 Reg. WHII C17S4 Study Guide Name: Date: Pd: Directions: Read pgs and complete the study guide below. By the spring of 1945, World War II was being fought on German soil. The Western Allies were across the River and the Soviets were making their way toward in the east. Mussolini will once again be captured by his own people, only this time they will execute him. The next day, with Russian troops surrounding Berlin, Hitler committed in his bunker. On 1945, the war in Europe was officially over; the Allies will call it. The Axis Powers lost for a number of reasons. First, was location, location, location. Germany and their allies were located in central Europe, so they ended up repeating the mistake of World War I- they had to fight on almost all sides; dividing up their troops. Second, Hitler made many mistakes; chief among them was the decision to attack the Soviet Union- which he seriously underestimated. Finally, there was the ability of the US which was double what the Axis could manufacture put together. By 1942 (the turning point of the war), Japan controlled most of Southeast Asia, including the American territory of the Philippines. There, the Japanese captured thousands of US and Filipino soldiers and forced them on a mile, at the end of which they were imprisoned in a POW camp and forced to endure starvation, torture and the contempt of their guards. Following their huge victory at Midway, the US went on the offensive. Beginning at in the Solomon Islands the Americans began a strategy called. The idea was to take some islands, while skipping others- but cutting them off from the rest of the Japanese forces. This was called leaving them to wither on the vine. Those islands the Americans did reclaim were then used as from which to attack the next target. US forces were led by General. Meanwhile, the US navy, under Admiral blockaded Japan and bombed Japanese cities & factories. In order to invade Japan, the United States needed to control the islands of and. The Japanese knew this as well, so they defended them at all costs. As a result, the battles were long and casualties on both sides were high. The Japanese had already lost the bulk of their navy (at the Battle of Leyte Gulf), so to slow the American advance, they resorted to (or pilot suicide missions) attacks on US naval ships. The strategy was to strip down a fighter plane, load it with as much combustible material as possible, and then dive into an American ship to damage or sink it. Clearly, the Japanese were determined to fight to the death. Meanwhile, back in the US, scientists (many of them German & Italian- isn t that ironic), were working on a new secret weapon. This was called the Project and would eventually yield three bombs. July, 1945 the first of these was tested at, New Mexico. When that was a success, the scientists informed the new leader of the US, President

6 . At the time, the president was meeting with other Allied leaders at, Germany. In the end, to try to end the war faster, with fewer casualties, the decision was made to give Japan an opportunity to surrender. When that failed, on the first bomb was dropped on. It levelled square miles and killed people instantly. Thousands more got sick and/or died from radiation poisoning. Two days later, the Soviet Union declared war & invaded Manchuria. Still the Japanese refused to give up. The next day, the US dropped the second bomb on the city of. It killed thousand people. On, the Japanese emperor finally said enough. On, onboard the US battleship the Japanese formally surrendered to General MacArthur. This day will be called V-J Day. Map Activity: Locate & Label the Following (use pg. 587) Hawaii Midway Guadalcanal Philippines Leyte Gulf Okinawa Coral Sea Iwo Jima Japan China Korea Soviet Union Australia Indonesia Indochina Hiroshima Nagasaki Trace the path of the US offensive

7 Reg. WHII C17S5 Study Guide Name: Date: Pd: Directions: Read C17S5 pgs and complete the study guide below. World War II was even more destructive than WWI. Altogether, million died. Look at the chart on pg Which Allied nation had the fewest casualties? Which Axis Power nation had the highest number of casualties? Overall, which country lost the most people? Because of the horror and brutality committed by the Nazis and the Japanese, the Allies were determined to hold their leaders accountable. For the first time in history, surviving leaders were tried for. Top Nazi trials were held in, the same place Hitler conducted his grandiose rallies. In addition, the Allies hoped that by creating strong democratic governments in the defeated nations, tolerance and peace would result (a little ironic considering the US was still a segregated society). To that end, the Japanese had the help of General and his advisors when writing their new constitution (in fact it is called the MacArthur Constitution ). Another action countries took to try to keep the peace was to send delegates to San Francisco to create a new and improved version of the League of Nations which will be called the. Like the League, there would be a in which all member nations have a vote. There is also a made up of 15 members, of which are permanent. The permanent members are the,,, the (now Russia) and (because FDR insisted that the worlds most populous nation should have a permanent seat). The Security Council, as its name suggest, is supposed to keep the peace. So they were given the power to impose and/or send a peacekeeping it conflicts crop up. However, because it takes an unanimous vote by all the permanent members, they did not take much action during the Cold War. The mission of the UN includes the which tries to protect the world from diseases. Following the defeat of the Axis Powers, two new world leaders emerged, the and the. Because these powers had very different beliefs, problems developed. This state of tension & hostility between nations aligned with the US on one side & the Soviet Union on the other, without armed conflict between the major rivals was called the.

8 The leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, had two objectives. First was to spread and second, to create a between himself and Germany. Since the Red Army had to cross through Eastern European nations in order to attack Germany, Stalin left troops there. Even though he had promised to allow those countries to have elections, he broke that promise and made sure that existing communist powers took control of those governments. Stalin was also pushing to try to make and communist. Great Britain was broke, so President Truman stepped in. On March 12, 1947, he announced that the US would do whatever it could to contain the spread of communism. This policy would be called the. The idea was to prevent communism from spreading beyond where it already existed. The first time the US applied this doctrine was in Greece and Turkey, where we gave them money, advise and weapons (including nuclear), to protect them from the threat of Stalin. The MOST IMPORTANT component of the Truman Doctrine will be the. The principle behind it was that communism only appealed to poor people. Europe, because of WWII, was a wreck, so the US gave European countries billions of dollars to rebuild. It worked like a charm. In less than a decade, Western Europe was once again thriving and prosperous. The US also offered economic aid to countries controlled by the Soviet Union, but Joseph Stalin would not allow them to ask. Consequently, Eastern Europe stayed relatively poor. A miniature version of the Cold War played itself out in Germany. After the war, Germany was divided into four zones, each administered by one of the Allied Nations. Stalin stripped East Germany of all its resources as reparations. Then when the Western Allies reunited their zones, Stalin was determined to hold onto his. Germany, like Europe, was divided into camps. The west, became democratic and the east, communist. However, the capital city of Germany, Berlin, was in East Germany & it had also been divided. When West Germany was reunified, Stalin ordered a total of the city, stopping all and access. So, under the Truman Doctrine, the US, GB, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa flew supplies into West Berlin 24/7 from June, 1948 to May, This was called the. In the end, Stalin gave up. In April 1949, the United States, Canada and other countries created a new military alliance called ( ). This like previous alliances was a mutual defense agreement. In 1955, The Soviet Union will respond with their own alliance called, which included the USSR and satellite nations (countries controlled by the USSR aka Iron Curtain nations).

9 World History II C17S3-5 Review I. Identify the Following: Bernard Montgomery Erwin Rommel Soft Underbelly of the Axis Island Hopping Eisenhower Battle of the Bulge Operation Overlord Truman General MacArthur D Day Enola Gay V E Day V J Day Bataan Death March Kamikaze Potsdam Hirohito Berlin Airlift NATO Warsaw Pact United Nations General Assembly United Nations Security Council Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Nuremberg Trials Iron Curtain Universal Declaration of Human Right

10 II. Concepts to Know: Why did Germany invade the USSR? Soviet strategy to delay/defeat the Germans What event brought the US into WWII? How did FDR refer to it? What did the US do to provoke the Japanese to attack Pearl Harbor? The Battle of the Coral Sea ended the Japanese hope of invading which country? What were the turning points in the war in each of the following: Atlantic, Eastern Europe, North Africa, the Pacific What was the point of island hopping? What was the significance of the Battle of Leyte Gulf? Why were Iwo Jima & Okinawa important for the US to control of the Pacific? What did the US do to end the war in the Pacific? How & where did the Allies agree to deal with Japan & Germany following WWII? Where did the Cold War begin? On which ship did the Japanese surrender? To whom & under what conditions? Name the atomic bombs used in WWII & the plane that dropped the first one. Be able to identify the Allied leaders at Potsdam. What was the fate of Hitler & Mussolini. What was the Manhattan Project? Where did the Cold War Begin? What are 3 other examples of genocide? Where was the Truman Doctrine 1 st applied (2 countries) III. Be able to locate the following on a map, Asia: Europe: Middle East: Japan Germany Egypt Australia Belgium Palestine Indochina Italy Syria China GB Turkey Korea Austria Tans Jordan Philippines Czech Libya Hawaii Soviet Union Soviet Union France Denmark Spain Norway Poland Romania Bulgaria Greece Yugoslavia

11 IV. There will be a chronology of events to complete so be familiar with the following events: The attack on Pearl Harbor German Surrender Battle of Midway, Stalingrad & El Alamein D Day Japanese Surrender Battle of the Bulge Atomic Bomb Dropped on Japan Berlin Airlift

12 Chapter 17, Section 3: I. The Allies Turn the Tide: A. Hitler sent with German troops to to aid the Italians. By April 11, 1941, he pushed most of the British out of Libya again & as far east as B. 1942: Allies gain control of Med. Sea & under British General Montgomery force Rommel to retreat to Tunisia II. The Pacific: A Japan controls most of E. China B. With Europe distracted, Japan invaded islands off the coast of Indochinacuts British sea routes between Hong Kong & Singapore. C. 1940: Japan joined the Axis D. April 1941: Japan & Soviet Union sign 5-year nonaggression treaty. E. With fall of France & the Netherlands, Japan claimed their possessions in the Pacific (Indonesia & Indochina): F. : & capture Guam ( the date that will live in infamy ) 1. Objective is G. Dec. 8, 1941: US & GB declared war on Japan H. Dec. 11, 1941 Germany & Italy declared war on the US I. Japan invaded the Philippines, Luzon, Burma, Thailand, & Malaya, Indonesia, the Gilbert Islands, New Guinea & Solomon Islands, leaving Only. J. Bataan Death March: in Jan, Fighting lasted until May 6, 1942 when 76,000 Am. & Filipino troops surrendered-. Then forced to march 60 miles to prison camps where disease, abuse and lack of food killed thousands. Camps liberated 33 months later C17, Section 4 pt. 1 Victory in Europe I. Victory in Europe & Africa: A. Sea & Air Battles: 1. By May Allies start - targeted factories, RR, oil refineries etc., by 1945 of Germany

13 destroyed. 2. May 26, British win control of the Atlantic by sinking the (German flagship). B. : 1. Germany attacked, but. 2. Sept Feb. 1943: Soviets counter-attack; surrounded German forces they surrendered 3. Stalingrad C. War in the Desert: 1. Spring Rommel pushed the British back to Egypt. The offensive ended at by General Montgomery. Montgomery counterattacked, Germans retreated to 2. Americans & French land in Morocco trapped the Germans/Italians in Tunisia. 3. Rommel returned to Germany- Hitler. 4. May Germans surrendered in Tunisia. D. Invasion of Italy: 1. July the Allies invaded Sicily - King Victor Immanuel III ordered 2. Sept. 3, 1943, Italy secretly surrendered; joined the Allies. Germany took over Rome 2 days later, released Mussolini & put him in control of N. Italy. 3. June 1944 the Allies fight their way to Rome. E. Operation Overlord: (June 6, 1944) Allies launched an offensive on the ; opening a 2nd front; liberated Paris on Aug. 25, 1944 and attacked Germany by Sept. F. Soviets Advances in 1944: 1. Broke attack on Leningrad 2. Recovered the Ukraine & Baltic States 3. Reached Warsaw, Poland 4. Romania & Bulgaria surrendered G. Hitler s Last Hurrah: Dec. 1944: Hitler issued orders to counterattack the Allies ( ). Marks the

14 . Germans broke through the American lines, but were finally stopped at Bastogne, Belgium. H. March Am., French & British troops cross the Rhine River; by April they were crossing the Elbe and the Russians were entering Berlin. I. April, J. along with his mistress (Eva Braun). His last order was to have his body taken to the bombed out street above & burned. K. May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered unconditionally. L. Feb. 1945: : 1. Allied leaders agreed to that each Allied country would occupy & administer M. July 1945: : Allies issued an ultimatum demanding Japan surrender. Increase tensions among leaders when &. Both are far less tolerant of Stalin; paved the way for the ultimate division of Germany into 2 distinct states. C17, Section 4 pt. 2: Victory in the Pacific II. Allied Victory In The Pacific: A. May the Am.. B. June C General MacArthur & Admiral Nimitz began beginning with & working their way up to Japan. Within 6 months, the US had recaptured the Philippines. D. (Oct 23-26, 1944)-. Began missions to try to stop Am. Ships. E. Spring, 1945: Allies recaptured & - ready to invade Japan itself.

15 F. Pres. Truman issued a warning to the Japanese to. Japan refused. H. Aug. 6, on by B-29 bomber called the (super fortress) & 3 days later another on. Japan surrenders on Aug. 15th with 1 condition:. I. Sept. 2, Japanese officials formally surrendered to on board the battleship C17, Section 5 One War Ends- Another Begins The Cold War I. The East-West Split: A. Post WWII, emerged with different political & economic beliefs: & B. The Cold War -. C. Lasts from 1945 ( ) ( ) D. The United Nations (1945(: based on League of Nations 1. designed to keep international peace; made up of 6 bodies: a) - decides political, diplomatic & military disputes. Has 10 members; each with. Result = b) - policy making body with 1 rep. from each member nation. c)world Court (the Hague): E : states all people are entitled to basic human rights w/o regard to race, color, lang., religion, political opinion etc. (code of conduct for the treatment of people under the protection of their gov t) F (Holocaust) & 3. G. : nations ( ) of where the USSR had control. Winston Churchill

16 1. Purpose was to 2. Result= by 1947, Europe was divided into a) - b) H. The Truman Doctrine:. 1. Purpose- was to the. 2. First used in & where communist revolutions threatened the governments 3. (Berlin Airlift) to protest the unification of the Western zones, the (inside the Soviet occupied zone). Allies responded with Berlin Airlift before the Soviet Union gave up. I. The Marshall Plan Most successful in & 3. Pressure from the USSR prevented Iron Curtain nations from participating. a)result = J. NATO vs Warsaw Pact: Dual military alliances 1. Tensions Rise in : a) b) drove & the Nationalists out of & onto island of where he created a democratic nation. China became communist c) (communist) invaded 2. ( ) - US, GB, France, BeNeLux countries, Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Iceland, Norway & Canada original members- (Greece, Turkey & W. Germany later) 3. - alliance of E. European nations dominated by the Soviet Union.

17 Map Activity: on the map below locate and label the following (use pg. 607) Great Britain Ireland Norway Sweden Denmark France Netherlands Belgium Lux. West Germany East Germany Switz Finland Poland Czechoslovakia Spain Portugal Soviet Union Austria Yugoslavia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Greece Turkey Italy Albania