Chapter 25. The United States in World War II
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1 Chapter 25 The United States in World War II
2 Section 1: Mobilizing for Defense
3 Mobilizing for War The Military 5 million volunteer, 10 million drafted George Marshall : Women s Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) Non-combat roles: Minority Groups Hypocrisy of fighting for freedom when denied it at home Segregated units for: Japanese Americans:
4 Mobilizing for War Converting Factories End of automobile production for private use in Feb Other factories convert as well Rapid : 6 million women & 2 million minorities fill factory jobs Lower :
5 Mobilizing for War Developing New Technology Office of Scientific Research and Development Radar, sonar DDT, penicillin Manhattan Project 1942:
6 Sonar and Radar
7 Mobilizing for War The Economy Office of Price Administration (OPA) Price : and extend income taxes = drive demand and kept inflation rationing War Production Board (WPB) Allocated :
8 Section 2: The War for Europe and North Africa
9 Europe First Strategy Roosevelt and Churchill agree Germany & Italy = bigger threats Pour resources into Europe first then go back to defeat Japan
10 Invasion of USSR Eastern Front June 1941 Hitler breaks Non- Aggression Pact Germans stopped: Stalingrad Aug 1942 Germans bomb city to rubble, but: Germans hold 90% of city by Sept. Winter 1943 Soviet counterattack traps Germans in city Germans :
11 Operation Torch Opening a 2 nd Front Stalin pressures Churchill and Roosevelt to : North Africa Nov Opt to strike at soft underbelly of Europe British and American forces chase Germans led by Erwin Rommel Dwight Eisenhower:
12 Italian Campaign Allied Invasion of Italy Capture of Sicily forces Mussolini s : Mussolini was executed in 1945 Germans Defend Italy Hitler : Looks to avoid fight on German soil Italy not :
13 Eisenhower s Plan Cross channel: Operation Overlord Germans anticipate landing at Calais D-Day June 6, 1944 Largest: Sustain heavy casualties, but hold beachheads France :
14 D-Day
15 March to Germany Germans put on the: Tide Turns Allies enter Germany in Oct Battle of the Bulge Last-ditch : Liberation of Concentration Camps Russians and later Americans uncover horrors of Holocaust
16 Germany Surrenders Soviet Army Reaches Berlin April 1945 Hitler s Suicide Married Eva Braun and committed suicide the next day in bunker V-E Day May 8, 1945:
17 Truman Becomes President April 12, 1945 Roosevelt dies : Harry S. Truman 1 st term as VP Former senator from Missouri Knew very little of details regarding how Roosevelt was conducting the war
18 Section 3: The War in the Pacific
19 East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Japan Claims an Empire Moved further inward and south on Asian mainland Conquered islands stretching from : Philippines December ,000 Americans and Filipinos fight Japanese invasion March 1942 MacArthur leaves :
20 Coral Sea Turning the Tide American and Australian forces stop Japanese drive toward Australia 1 st naval battle fought : Midway Americans break Japanese code Launch devastating surprise torpedo attack Japan:
21 Island Hopping Allied Strategy Take out weaker islands and : Guadalcanal 1 st Japanese: Leyte Gulf MacArthur returns to Philippines in Oct Kamikaze fighters used Japan s :
22 Iwo Jima Island Hopping Strategic significance = close enough to : Americans take heavily defended Okinawa Kamikazes inflict heavy damage Americans sustain heavy losses, Japanese demonstrate fanatical:
23 Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project Succeeds Top secret weapon successfully tested in: Truman s Decision U.S. issues ultimatum to Japanese Four potential cities selected as targets:
24 Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 6, 1945 Enola Gay drops Little Boy on Hiroshima Levels city August 9, 1945 Fat Man dropped on Nagasaki ½ city leveled Emperor Hirohito: happens-if-a-nuclear-bomb-detonated-in-chicago html
25 Bombs Inflict Damage
26 V-J Day September 2, 1945 General Douglas MacArthur accepts Japan s unconditional surrender aboard the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay
27 Framework for Peace Yalta Conference Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin Fate of Germany Germany to be temporarily divided into 4 occupation zones Stalin also : War in Pacific Stalin promises to join fight vs. Japan Agreed to participate in conference to est. U.N.
28 Nuremberg Trials 24 Nazi Leaders Tried Charged with perpetrating crimes against humanity 12 : 200 later tried: nuremberg/nurembergindictments.html
29 Rebuilding Japan Japanese war criminals tried 7 sentenced to death Seven-year occupation MacArthur reshapes government and economy Democratic and free market New:
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