Federal Governmental agencies and appointed bodies

Transcription

1 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR executive Jones & Bartlett branch: Learning, Federal Governmental agencies and appointed bodies CHAPTER 3 Bartlett TLearning, he executive branch of the U.S. government Jones exercises & Bartlett policymaking Learning, powers through elected officials, official NOT executive FOR SALE departments, OR DISTRIBUTION and other executive-level agencies. The most powerful office in the executive branch is the office of the president of the United States. The U.S. Constitution balances the power of the executive branch through the power bases of the legislative and judicial Jones branches. & The executive branch Power base The executive branch of the government s powers is vested in the president of Jones the & United Bartlett States. Learning, The president serves as the chief administrative Jones & or Bartlett executive Learning, officer of the executive branch. As leader of the executive branch, the president serves as head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces. In the United States, the president also serves as leader of all ceremonial functions. The primary responsibilities of the president are the development of policy; implementation and enforcement of policy by Congress; and appointment of Bartlett his Learning, leadership team, the cabinet, and all heads Jones of federal & Bartlett agencies. Learning, Presidential SALE OR powers DISTRIBUTION can be executed through several NOT policy FOR instruments executive order, presidential proclamation, presidential directive, presidential determination, and presidential memorandum. Table 3-1 presents the definitions of these presidential instruments. The Presidential election The American voters elect the president of the United States. In order to qualify for the presidential office a candidate must be at least 35 years of age, a naturalborn citizen of the United States, and resident in the United States for 14 years prior to the election. Chapter opener image Credit: To Come 49

2 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR 50 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies Table Jones 3-1 & Presidential Bartlett Learning, Policy Instruments (Presidential Jones Powers) & Bartlett Le Policy Instrument Definition Executive order A directive provided to agencies and officers of the executive branch of government to manage operational activities of the respective agencies Presidential A general statement made on a matter of public proclamation policy that applies outside the government Presidential A form of executive order that is issued with the directive advice and consent of the National Security Council Bartlett Learning, Presidential A statement or Jones document & Bartlett released Learning, by the president s determination White House NOT staff FOR that SALE provides OR DISTRIBUTION a determination on a topic or issue that results in an official executive branch policy or position; may be a memorandum required by statute that must be Jones & Bartlett issued Learning, before a specific action is taken Presidential NOT FOR SALE OR A memorandum DISTRIBUTION letter that is issued to manage NOT FOR and SALE OR D memorandum govern the activities, direct the practices, or guide (hortatory policies of the departments and agencies within the memorandum) executive branch; less prestigious action than an executive order Electoral College The president is elected through an electoral college system. The presidential election occurs on the first Tuesday in November of every fourth year. The population of the 50 states apportions the Electoral College. Each state provides an electoral member for each member of their congressional delegation, with the District of Columbia receiving three votes. The electors cast the votes for president on behalf of the American people. The electors meeting occurs on the Jones first Monday & Bartlett after Learning, the second Wednesday in December after Jones the presidential NOT election. FOR & Bartlett Le There are currently 538 electors in the Electoral College. A majority of the 270 electoral votes is required to elect the president. The allocation of electoral votes varies by state. Some states have a winner take all system that pledges Jones & Bartlett all electoral Learning, votes to the presidential candidate with Jones the majority & Bartlett of popular Learning, NOT FOR SALE votes. OR Electors DISTRIBUTION are expected to cast their vote in NOT alignment FOR SALE with the OR pledged DISTRIBUTION

3 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR The Presidential Election 51 votes. However, electors can vote independently, sometimes with penalties. An elector who Jones casts an & Bartlett electoral vote Learning, for someone other than the candidate Jones of & Bartlett Le the party NOT that FOR was pledged SALE to OR vote DISTRIBUTION for or does not vote for anyone is NOT called FOR a SALE OR D faithless elector. After the election, the governor prepares a Certificate of Ascertainment listing all the presidential candidates and the electors. This certificate declares the Jones winning & Bartlett presidential Learning, candidate in that state. The electoral Jones votes are & counted Bartlett in Learning, NOT FOR a joint SALE session OR of DISTRIBUTION Congress on January 6 of the year following NOT FOR the presidential election. Box 3-1 presents the presidential election cycle in the United States. Box 3-1 Presidential Election Cycle Spring of the year prior to election Candidates announce intention to run for office. Summer of the year before election to spring of election year Primary Jones and caucus & Bartlett debates Learning, occur. State NOT primaries FOR are SALE conducted OR DISTRIBUTION by states, voting occurs through secret ballot. Caucuses are private meetings run by political parties, speeches are given on the candidates, votes are taken by caucus organizers for each candidate and delegates allocated in alignment with the vote. NOT FOR SALE Open OR primaries DISTRIBUTION or caucuses members can vote NOT for any FOR political party candidate. Closed primaries or caucuses members must be registered with the political party to vote for one of its candidates. January to June of election year Primary elections and caucuses Bartlett Learning, hold elections. July to September of election year Political NOT FOR parties SALE hold OR nominating DISTRIBUTION conventions to select their presidential candidates. September to October Presidential candidate debates are held. Tuesday after the first Monday in November Presidential election is held. First NOT Monday FOR after SALE the second OR DISTRIBUTION Wednesday in December after the presidential election Electors cast votes. January 6 of the year following presidential election Congress counts electoral votes. Jones & January Bartlett 20 Presidential Learning, inauguration day is held.

4 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR 52 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies President Jones of & Bartlett the United Learning, States (POTUS) The president, as head of state, commander in chief, ceremonial NOT leader, FOR and SALE OR D head of governmental executive agencies leads the entire executive branch of government. The president is considered the most powerful person in the country, primarily because of the breadth of information possessed by the president domestically and internationally. The president is vested Jones with & Bartlett information Learning, that NOT FOR SALE includes OR but DISTRIBUTION is not limited to confidential, secret, NOT and FOR top-secret SALE intelligence; OR DISTRIBUTION knowledge of foreign officials working for the U.S. intelligence community; control of the nuclear football ; briefings on spy satellite intelligence and cyber technology intelligence; secret directives provided through special presidential policy instruments; counterterrorism reports; personal and political informa- tion on world leaders; and access to all domestic intelligence from the country s infrastructure to economics and all the information provided by the president s cabinet (Graff, 2017). The president appoints cabinet members who are responsible through delegated authority to manage and lead the operations of their respective executive agencies. Jones In addition & Bartlett to the Learning, cabinet, the Executive Office of the President Jones (EOP) & Bartlett Le provides NOT FOR immediate SALE staff OR support DISTRIBUTION to the president. The president is considered the chief policymaker in the United States and the most influential participant in the policymaking process. In addition to promoting national policy agendas, the president has the power to execute immediate policy in the form of an executive order Jones or influence & Bartlett policy through Learning, NOT FOR SALE various OR presidential DISTRIBUTION policy instruments. Other policy NOT powers FOR of SALE the president OR DISTRIBUTION are: Signing legislation into law or vetoing bills Negotiating and signing treaties (requires congressional ratification) Interpreting and clarifying existing laws for executive officers Bartlett Learning, Extending pardons and clemencies The president is constitutionally required from time to time to provide a State of the Union address to Congress and the American people. The president uses this opportunity to outline the executive branch s national policy agenda and to inform Congress and the American people of the impact of current national Jones policies. & Executive Office of the President The Executive Office of the President (EOP) was developed in 1939 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to facilitate the daily operations of the White House

5 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR Executive Office of the President 53 and presidential duties. The White House Chief of Staff is an advisor to the president and Jones manages & Bartlett the entire Learning, EOP. The Office of the Press Secretary Jones manages the NOT White FOR House SALE Communications OR DISTRIBUTION Office. The press secretary provides & Bartlett Le daily briefings to the media on behalf of the president to include policy issues and presidential activities. The National Security Council director advises the president on foreign policy, intelligence, and national security issues. Other Jones councils & Bartlett or offices Learning, the EOP include: Council of Economic Advisers Council on Environmental Quality National Security Council and Homeland Security Council Office of Administration Office of Management and Budget Office of National Drug Control Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of the United States Trade Representative Office of the Vice President Executive NOT FOR Residence The White House As an extension to the EOP, several offices and departments within the White House support the operations of the executive branch: Office of Cabinet Affairs Office of the Chief of Staff Office of Communications Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy Office of the First Lady Office of the Social Secretary Office of Health Reform National Security Advisor Office of Legislative Affairs Office of Management and Administration Oval NOT Office FOR Operations Office of Political Affairs Office of Presidential Personnel Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs Office of the Press Secretary

6 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR 54 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies Office of Scheduling and Advance Jones Office & of Bartlett the Staff Learning, Secretary NOT Office FOR of SALE the White OR DISTRIBUTION House Counsel Office of White House Policy White House Military Office NOT FOR SALE The President s OR DISTRIBUTION Cabinet The president s cabinet serves as an advisory body to the president, and each cabinet member serves as the chief executive of his or her respective Bartlett Learning, executive department. There are Jones 15 cabinet & Bartlett members, Learning, generally members of the presidential succession line. The president s cabinet members are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. The title of secretary is provided to each chief executive of a department, except the Justice Department, the head of which is the Attorney General. The 15 executive departments are: NOT Department FOR SALE of OR Agriculture DISTRIBUTION Department of Commerce Department of Defense Department of Education Jones & Bartlett Department Learning, of Energy NOT FOR SALE OR Department DISTRIBUTION of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of Interior Bartlett Learning, Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of State Department of Transportation Department of Treasury Jones Department & Bartlett of Veterans Learning, Affairs The secretary of each department is directly responsible to the president. Box 3-2 provides a summary of the duties of each department.

7 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR The President s Cabinet 55 Box 3-2 Jones Executive & Bartlett Department Learning, Policy Responsibilities Department of Agriculture (USDA) Oversees farming, agriculture, and food production Supports needs of farmers and ranchers Jones & Bartlett Promotes Learning, agricultural trade and production NOT FOR SALE Ensures OR food DISTRIBUTION safety Protects natural resources and fosters rural communities Focuses on hunger in America Department of Commerce Bartlett Learning, Promotes economic development Promotes technological innovation Supports business community Issues patents and trademarks Focuses on improving environment and oceanic life Formulates Jones telecommunications & Bartlett Learning, and technology policy Promotes NOT FOR U.S. SALE exportsor DISTRIBUTION Enforces trade agreements Department of Defense Deters war Jones & Bartlett Protects national Learning, security NOT FOR SALE Provides OR military DISTRIBUTION forces Department of Education Promotes academic achievement and preparation of students Fosters educational excellence Bartlett Learning, Ensures equal access to educational Jones opportunities & Administers federal financial aid NOT programs FOR Department of Energy (DOE) Promotes energy security Supports development of reliable, clean, and affordable energy Ensures Jones nuclear & Bartlett security Learning, Protects NOT FOR the environment Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Protects the health of all Americans Provides essential human services Jones &(continues)

8 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR 56 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies Box Jones 3-2 & Executive Bartlett Learning, Department Policy NOT Responsibilities FOR SALE OR (continued) DISTRIBUTION Prevents disease outbreaks Assures food and drug safety Provides health insurance, administers Medicare and Medicaid Jones & Bartlett Manages Learning, National Institutes of Health, Food Jones and Drug & Administration, DISTRIBUTION and Centers for Disease Control and NOT Prevention FOR NOT FOR SALE OR Department of Homeland Security Prevents and disrupts terrorist attacks Protects American people, infrastructure, and key resources Responds at the time of a national Jones incident & Patrols borders, protects travelers NOT FOR and transportation infrastructure Enforces immigration laws Promotes emergency preparedness Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Jones Develops & Bartlett national Learning, housing policy NOT Improves FOR SALE and develops OR DISTRIBUTION American communities Promotes home ownership and rent subsidy Enforces fair housing laws Provides mortgage and loan insurance Jones & Bartlett Administers Learning, public housing and homeless assistance Jones programs & NOT FOR SALE Department OR DISTRIBUTION of Interior Protects natural resources Promotes recreational opportunities Protects fish and wildlife Honors responsibilities to native Jones populations & Bartlett and cultures Learning, Manages dams and reservoirs Protects national parks and protected species Department of Justice Enforces laws Jones Ensures & public Bartlett safety Learning, against foreign and domestic threats NOT Provides FOR SALE leadership OR in DISTRIBUTION preventing and controlling crime Ensures fair and impartial justice for all Americans Department of Labor Ensures strong American workforce Jones & Bartlett Promotes Learning, job training programs

9 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR Executive Branch Independent Agencies 57 Box 3-2 Jones Executive & Bartlett Department Learning, Policy Responsibilities NOT FOR SALE (continued) OR DISTRIBUTION Promotes safe working conditions Sets minimum hourly wage and overtime pay Ensures fair and equal employment opportunities Jones & Bartlett Protects retirement Learning, and healthcare benefits NOT FOR Department SALE OR of DISTRIBUTION State Develops and implements president s foreign policy Counters international crime Provides assistance to U.S. citizens and foreign nationals living or travel- Bartlett Learning, ing abroad Promotes and maintains diplomatic NOT relationships FOR Department of Transportation Ensures safe and efficient transportation systems Department of Treasury Promotes Jones economic & Bartlett prosperity Learning, Advises NOT FOR and enforces SALE security OR DISTRIBUTION of United States and international financial systems Produces nation s coins and currency Collaborates to promote global economic growth Jones & Bartlett Predicts and Learning, prevents financial crisis NOT FOR Department of Veterans Affairs Administers veterans benefit programs Operates veterans medical care system Provides burial assistance Bartlett Learning, Administers programs for veterans such Jones as disability & Bartlett compensation, Learning, home loans, life insurance, rehabilitation Executive Jones Branch & Bartlett Independent Learning, Agencies In addition to the departments in the executive branch that have representation in the president s cabinet, several independent agencies are critical to the function of the executive branch of government. These administrative agencies are divisions of the government that enforce and administer policies in the form of Jones laws & and Bartlett regulations. Learning, These independent agencies and their Jones primary & Bartlett functions Learning, NOT FOR are outlined SALE OR in Box DISTRIBUTION 3-3.

10 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR 58 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies Box Jones 3-3 & Independent Bartlett Learning, Agencies Functions NOT Central FOR Intelligence SALE OR Agency DISTRIBUTION (CIA) Conducts counterintelligence Conducts foreign intelligence Maintains national security U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Investigates complaints of discrimination Consumer Product Safety Commission Reduces risk of injuries and death from consumer products Formulates and enforces product safety standards Bartlett Learning, Corporation for National and Jones Community & Bartlett Service Learning, Supports the American culture NOT of FOR citizenship, SALE service, OR DISTRIBUTION and responsibility Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Protects human health and natural environment (air, water, and land) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Promotes equal opportunity in employment Enforces federal civil rights laws Farm Credit Administration (FCA) Responsible for examining and regulating the Farm Credit System Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insures bank deposits Federal Election Commission (FEC) Enforces Federal Election Campaign Jones Act & Federal Maritime Commission Responsible for the regulation of ocean-borne transportation in foreign commerce Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS) Jones Preserves & Bartlett and promotes Learning, labor management peace and cooperation NOT Federal FOR Reserve SALE System OR DISTRIBUTION Ensures stable financial system Regulates credit conditions and loan rates Regulates banks

11 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR Executive Branch Independent Agencies 59 Box 3-3 Jones Independent & Bartlett Agencies Learning, Functions (continued) Federal NOT Trade FOR Commission SALE OR (FTC) DISTRIBUTION Enforces federal antitrust and consumer protection laws Ensures capital system of healthy competition, free of unfair restrictions; and fair consumer policies Jones & General Bartlett Services Learning, Administration (GSA) NOT FOR SALE Provides OR government DISTRIBUTION workplaces by constructing, NOT managing, FOR and SALE pre-oserving government buildings and by leasing and managing commer- DISTRIBUTION cial real estate Offers private sector professional services, equipment, supplies, telecommunications, and information Jones technology & Bartlett to government Learning, orga- nizations and the military Bartlett Learning, International Trade Commission Holds investigative responsibilities on matters of trade Investigates the effects of dumped and subsidized imports on domestic industries Jones & and Bartlett conducts Learning, global safeguard investigations Adjudicates NOT FOR cases SALE involving OR DISTRIBUTION imports that allegedly infringe on intellectual property rights National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Develops space exploration programs, artificial satellites, and rocketry Jones & National Bartlett Archives Learning, and Records Administration (NARA) NOT FOR SALE Maintains OR DISTRIBUTION National Archives National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) Supports arts community Funds museums, artists, and arts-related programs Bartlett Learning, National Endowment for the Humanities Supports research, education, preservation, NOT FOR and SALE public OR programs DISTRIBUTION in the humanities Director of National Intelligence Integrates foreign, military and domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland Jones & and Bartlett of U.S. interests Learning, abroad National NOT Labor FOR SALE Relations OR Board DISTRIBUTION (NLRB) Monitors relations between unions and employers in the private sector Investigates unfair labor practices by unions and employers Jones &(continues)

12 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR 60 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies Box Jones 3-3 & Independent Bartlett Learning, Agencies Functions (continued) NOT National FOR SALE Mediation OR Board DISTRIBUTION Facilitates labor-management relations within railroads and airlines systems Endeavors to minimize work stoppages in the airline and railroad industry National Science Foundation (NSF) Jones & Bartlett Promotes Learning, science and engineering research and Jones educational & Bartlett programs Learning, NOT FOR SALE National OR DISTRIBUTION Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Investigates civil aviation, railroad, highway, and marine accidents Develops transportation standards Nuclear Regulatory Commission Licenses and regulates nonmilitary Jones use & of Bartlett nuclear energy Learning, Office of Personal Management NOT (OPM) FOR Recruits and retains government workforce Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Administers federal securities laws Protects investors in securities markets Selective Service System (SSS) Provides human resources to the armed forces Small Business Administration (SBA) Provides financial and technical assistance to promote business development NOT FOR SALE United OR DISTRIBUTION States Postal Service Provides reliable, affordable, and universal mail service Order of Presidential Succession The Presidential Succession Act of 1792 outlines the order of succession to the presidency if the president should become incapacitated. This ensures continual functioning of the executive branch of government and protects the security of the American people and the country s infrastructure. The order of presidential succession is: Vice President Speaker of the House Jones & Bartlett Senate Learning, President pro tempore NOT FOR SALE OR Secretary DISTRIBUTION of State

13 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR Czar 61 Secretary of Treasury Secretary Jones of & Defense Attorney NOT FOR General SALE (Department OR DISTRIBUTION of Justice Secretary) Secretary of Interior Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce Jones & Bartlett Secretary Learning, of Labor NOT FOR SALE Secretary OR of DISTRIBUTION Health and Human Services Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Transportation Secretary of Energy Secretary of Education Secretary of Veterans Affairs Secretary of Homeland Security The Vice Jones President & The election of the vice president occurs along with that of the president by the Electoral College. The vice president is considered the second in command. The vice president assumes the duties and responsibilities of the president if the president is unable to perform them. This assumption of authority Jones might & Bartlett be permanent Learning, or temporary, and may be the result Jones of death, & resignation, NOT FOR or temporary SALE OR incapacitation DISTRIBUTION of the president, or a vote NOT of concern FOR SALE by the OR vice DISTRIBUTION president and the majority of the president s cabinet regarding the president s ability to function. In accordance with the U.S. Constitution, the vice president received the formal Electoral College tally votes for president and vice president from the states. The vice president is required to open the Electoral College voting certificates from the states in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives. The vice president serves as the president of the Senate. In the role of Senate president, the vice president has no vote but can cast the deciding vote on the occasion of a tie vote. The daily oversight of the Senate is normally undertaken by the majority party leader. Czar The president of the United States has the authority to appoint officials who are responsible for specialized areas of policymaking. These individuals generally have Jones a title & Bartlett associated Learning, with that specialized area. In the United States, Jones the & term Bartlett czar Learning, NOT FOR has been SALE used OR to refer DISTRIBUTION to these individuals. Czar is an informal NOT title. FOR At SALE the time OR of DISTRIBUTION

14 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR 62 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies appointment, the president determines the scope of authority and administrative responsibilities Jones & Bartlett for the prospective Learning, czar. This appointment process is Jones conducted & Bartlett Le as NOT a measure FOR to SALE ensure OR efficient DISTRIBUTION policymaking in areas of great concern NOT FOR or crisis. SALE OR D Office of the First Lady of the United States (FLOTUS) Jones & Bartlett The spouse Learning, of the president administers the Office of Jones the First & Lady Bartlett of the Learning, United NOT FOR SALE States. The OR role DISTRIBUTION and responsibilities of this office have NOT evolved FOR over SALE time and OR change DISTRIBUTION with each First Lady. The First Lady has her own personal staff to implement the activities of the Office of the First Lady. The typical functions of the First Lady and her staff are to serve as hostess for the White House, manage all social and ceremonial events of the White House, and represent her office regarding official state business. The staff of the Office of the First Lady includes but is not limited to a social secretary, chief of staff, press secretary, chief floral designer, executive chef, and other White House staff. The First Lady usually selects an area of interest in which to become involved on behalf of the American people. She might serve as a spokesperson, use her position to implement policymaking, and may Jones engage & Bartlett in political Learning, activities that impact the policy agenda Jones within & this Bartlett Le area NOT of interest. FOR SALE The level OR of DISTRIBUTION attention provided to these issues can NOT impact FOR public SALE OR D awareness, shape a policy agenda, and lead to formulation and adoption of policy. The First Lady of the United States is considered by many as one of the most powerful positions. As First Lady, she has continual access to the president Jones & Bartlett and, by nature Learning, of her relationship with the president, Jones has & his Bartlett confidence. Learning, She NOT FOR SALE is exposed OR DISTRIBUTION to a plethora of political and policy NOT information FOR SALE with OR the ability DISTRIBUTION to provide advice and counsel in confidence to the president. The First Lady has more direct public exposure by nature of her position and fewer security measures. In this position, she is able to interact and provide grassroots information to the president on the public s opinion and temperament. FLOTUS is Bartlett Learning, the hidden power of the executive Jones branch. & White House Fellows and Interns The White House Fellows program provides young Americans with an opportunity Jones to engage & Bartlett in policymaking Learning, activities in the executive office. Jones The White & Bartlett Le House NOT Fellows FOR SALE enjoy OR a full-time DISTRIBUTION paid position working with NOT White FOR House SALE OR D staff, cabinet secretaries, and other executive officers. During their tenure, they engage in roundtable discussions and study domestic and international policy. Their responsibilities might include chairing interagency meetings, design and Jones & Bartlett implementation Learning, of federal policies, drafting speeches Jones for their & Bartlett executive Learning, officer NOT FOR SALE such as OR a cabinet DISTRIBUTION secretary, and agency representation NOT FOR on Capitol SALE Hill. OR DISTRIBUTION

15 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR Executive Offices: State and Local Governmental Level 63 In contrast, the White House intern is an unpaid position. A White House intern acquires Jones leadership & Bartlett skills Learning, and professional experience in preparation for a future NOT in FOR public SALE service. OR The DISTRIBUTION intern performs duties as assigned NOT with FOR a SALE OR D focus on increasing knowledge regarding the functions and policymaking of the executive branch. Jones Executive & Bartlett Offices: Learning, State and Local Governmental Jones Level & A governor and mayor hold the chief executive offices at the state and local government level, respectively. In addition, some cities are further divided into municipalities or counties that have a similar elected official of the executive branch of government, for example, a county president. The managerial opera- tional activities of elected officials at the state, city, or local level is analogous to those of the federal executive office. As a representative of the executive branch of government, these officials are responsible for administering laws, enforcing state constitutions or city charters, and serving as chief executive officer. Boxes 3-4 and 3-5 outline some responsibilities and duties of these elected chief executive Jones offices & Bartlett at the state Learning, and local level. Box 3-4 Gubernatorial Responsibilities Signs bills into state statutes; may use line item veto if permitted by Jones & state Bartlett constitution Learning, and law NOT FOR Executes SALE OR executive DISTRIBUTION orders Administers legislative recommendations Monitors activities of executive departments of the state government Provides legislature with general and fiscal information regarding the Bartlett Learning, current state of the state Creates and submits an operating NOT budget FOR for state SALE legislature OR DISTRIBUTION approval Collaborates with state board of pardons, serves as the last court of resort Appoints and removes executive officials, members of boards and commissions Generally NOT FOR requires SALE state OR senate DISTRIBUTION confirmation Serves as commander in chief of state s military Convenes special legislative sessions Declares special elections Jones & Serves Bartlett as official Learning, spokesperson for state

16 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR 64 Chapter 3 Executive Branch: Federal Governmental Agencies and Appointed Bodies Box Jones 3-5 & Mayoral Bartlett Responsibilities Learning, Submits city budget to city council for approval Appoints executives of city offices Appoints advisory committees and commissions Jones & Bartlett Serves Learning, as official spokesperson for city NOT FOR SALE Signs OR city DISTRIBUTION ordinances into laws or executes NOT veto power FOR Enacts ordinances, resolutions, and other legislative orders from city council Executes executive orders Bartlett Learning, Recruits city business Executes official city contracts Manages city utility services Promotes city living Promotes arts, cultural affairs, parks and recreation, tourism Jones industry & NOT Engages FOR in SALE community OR DISTRIBUTION activities May preside over city council meetings May deliver tie-breaking vote on city council May call city council into special meetings Jones & Bartlett Manages Learning, health and safety services in city NOT FOR SALE OR Fire DISTRIBUTION department Police department Health department Local government structures follow a similar democratic process for policy formulation as that for federal and state legislatures. At the local level, a city council proposes new laws as resolutions or referrals, ordinances, or bills. These policy instruments are heard before the city council or local governing body to be considered Jones & and Bartlett voted Learning, into law. Summary Points The executive branch of government exercises policymaking powers Jones & Bartlett through Learning, elected officials, official executive departments, Jones & Bartlett and other Learning, NOT FOR SALE OR executive-level DISTRIBUTION agencies.

17 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR References 65 President of the United States is the most powerful position in the executive Jones branch. & The NOT president FOR SALE serves as OR the DISTRIBUTION chief administrative or executive officer NOT of FOR SALE OR D the executive branch. The president, as head of state, commander in chief, ceremonial leader, and head of governmental executive agencies, leads the entire Jones & Bartlett executive Learning, branch of government. NOT FOR SALE Electoral OR College DISTRIBUTION process elects the U.S. president, NOT not FOR popular SALE vote. OR DISTRIBUTION The president appoints cabinet members. The president is considered the chief policymaker in the United States and the most influential participant in the policymaking process. Bartlett Learning, The vice president is considered the Jones second & in Bartlett command. Learning, The vice president presides over NOT the Senate. FOR The president s cabinet serves as an advisory body to the president and each cabinet member serves as the chief executive of his or her respective executive department. The order Jones of & presidential Bartlett Learning, succession is established by the Presidential Succession NOT FOR Act. The president of the United States has the authority to appoint officials who are responsible for a specialized area of policymaking, sometimes known as a czars. Jones & Bartlett The typical Learning, functions of the First Lady and her staff Jones are to & serve Bartlett as Learning, NOT FOR SALE hostess OR of the DISTRIBUTION White House, manage all social and NOT ceremonial FOR SALE events OR DISTRIBUTION of the White House, and represent her office regarding official state business. White House Fellows and interns engage in activities of the executive branch of government and may participate in various aspects of Bartlett Learning, policymaking. References Auerbach, J., & Peterson, M. (2005). The executive branch. Oxford University Press. Graff, G. (2017, January/February). The government secrets Trump is about to discover. Politico Magazine, Hi man, B. (2011). NOT The FOR executive SALE branch. OR Mitchell DISTRIBUTION Lane Publishers. Newark, Delaware. Shambaugh, G., & Weinstein, P. (2016). The art of policymaking: Tools, technologies and processes in the modern executive branch. CQ Press Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.

18 arning, an Ascend Learning Company.. NOT FOR SALE OR