The Executive Branch
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1 The Executive Branch Qualifications for President Official 35 years old 14 year resident of U.S. natural born citizen Vice President held to the same standards Unofficial White, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant, male, wealthy, moderate, married w/kids Presidential Perks $400,000.00/year salary $180,000.00/year expense account The White House rent free w/pool, putting green, tennis court, exercise room, jogging track bowling alley, movie theater, 132 rooms, 32 bathrooms, 42,840 sq. ft. Air Force One converted Boeing 767 w/100 meals, 84 phones, 19TV s, 11 VCR s designed to run country during crisis Custom built bullet proof limousine Secret Service Protection for life Camp David Presidential retreat in Maryland Residential staff maid, cook, barber, etc. Free health care Free box seats at the Kennedy Center 15,000 gifts a year only get to keep one Pension $143, /year
2 $90,000/year for office help free office space and use of the mails Unfortunately you are limited to two terms or 10 years. 22 nd amendment Presidential Roles & Powers Head of State spiritual leader of the nation rally events delivers State of the Union Address Chief Executive enforces the law Commander-In-Chief of the Armed Forces commissions all military officers ensures that all Congressional laws are faithfully executed issues executive orders power of law as long as not contradicted by Congress or Court appoints and fires ambassadors, judges, Cabinet members, top officials Impoundment may refuse to spend money Congress allocates for programs issues reprieves & pardons to federal prisoners can grant a general amnesty Chief Legislator the President will design a legislative program every year budget & State of the Union veto Power line item veto can call Congress into special session Chief Diplomat meet with foreign dignitaries & heads of state recognition of leaders provides them with prestige negotiates treaties(subject to Senate confirmation) Executive Agreements agreements reached by executive order(see above) Party Leader patronage the President controls thousands of federal jobs coattails how much influence the President has over other elections long vs. short coattails
3 Informal Powers of the Presidency acquire new territory Thomas Jefferson & Louisiana suspend Civil Rights Abraham Lincoln & the Civil War conduct war without a declaration of war Lyndon Johnson & the Gulf of Tonkin use of media to influence policy Theodore Roosevelt & the Bully Pulpit Limitations of the President s power Congress only Congress can introduce legislation(new laws) Congress can override Presidential vetoes Impeachment Congress can remove a president for high crimes & misdemeanors House of Representatives impeaches(indicts) Senate conducts trial to remove Federal Courts can order the President to take certain actions can strike down executive orders Public Opinion unpopular Presidents have difficulty working in government Federal bureaucracy thousands of workers may drag their feet implementing changes The Office of Personnel Management(OPM) Plum Book see Table 15.3 Independent Regulatory Agency s Fed Reserve, NLRB, FCC, FTC, SEC appointed by President (confirmed by Senate0 nearly impossible to fire Presidential Succession eight Presidents were former Vice-Presidents 25th Amendment President appoints new Vice President if that office is vacant Nixon Agnew Ford Rockefeller Order of Succession Vice President Speaker of the House President Pro Tempore of the Senate Historical Cabinet Secretary of State -> Secretary of Homeland Defense Presidential Disability
4 President informs Congress of disability OR Vice-President & half of the Cabinet recommend 2/3 Congressional approval necessary Vice-Presidential Duties preside over Senate vote in case of a tie succession Vice-President s have other duties as assigned by President Harry Truman vs. Al Gore/Dick Cheney The Cabinet a group of presidential advisors who each head an executive department Secretary of State runs State Department, etc. there are now 15 executive departments departments can be added/eliminated selection of Cabinet members nominated by President Senate confirms Informal Cabinets Kitchen Cabinet Andrew Jackson Brain Trust FDR Limitations loyalty and secrecy of Cabinet members can be a problem Executive Office of the President established by FDR in 1939 consists of extremely large & diverse staff The Office of Management and Budget(OMB) reviews annual budgets analyzes economic impact of different bills The Council of Economic Advisors advise the President on the economy The National Security Council(NSC) est. in 1947 consists of President, Vice-President, Sec. of State, Sec. of Defense, NSC director; others(military, FBI, CIA, Justice dept) invited as necessary NSC has potential conflicts with executive departments Nixon & Kissinger vs. State Department
5 The White House Staff personal staff of the President secretaries, advisors, residential staff Chief of Staff runs staff these people have direct access to the President control access of others to the President relations with staff has large influence over day to day operations Executive privilege concept that conversations between President and staff are privileged similar to doctor/patient or attorney/client Nixon v. United States Clinton v. United States Policymaking Social Policy Social Welfare programs see table 18.2 Entitlement programs Social Security Medicare Unemployment Insurance Means-tested programs Medicaid food stamps Poverty poverty line welfare Health Care Affordable Care Act (2010) Environmental Policy Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Clean Air Act of 1970 Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 Endangered Species Act of 1973 Superfund 1980
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