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1 Court Cases I Court Cases II Court Cases III Terms & Amendments I Terms & Amendments II 1pt 1 pt 1 pt 1pt 1 pt 2 pt 2 pt 2pt 2pt 2 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 4 pt 4 pt 4pt 4 pt 4pt 5pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt
2 Established the concept of judicial review
3 Marbury v. Madison, 1803
4 Expanded the powers of Congress with the ability to use the elastic clause
5 McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819
6 The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees that legislative apportionment must be fair to all citizens thus establishing the one man, one vote principle
7 Baker v. Carr, 1962 (Reynolds v. Sims, 1964 and Wesberry v. Sanders, 1964)
8 Ruled that the Florida s method of recounting ballots violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
9 Bush v. Gore, 2000
10 A state could deny unemployment benefits to a person fired for violating a state prohibition on the use of peyote, even if the use of the drug was part of a religious ceremony and not infringe on the Free Exercise Clause within the freedom of religion
11 Oregon v. Smith, 1990
12 Established the separate but equal doctrine
13 Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
14 Overturned the Plessy case, requiring integration of public schools that were segregated by law
15 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 1954
16 De facto school segregation is not permissible thus bussing students to different schools within a district to make schools more heterogeneous became a viable option
17 Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Board of Education, 1971
18 Outlawed school led prayer in public schools as it violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment
19 Engel v. Vitale, 1962
20 Laws against private homosexual activities violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
21 Lawrence v. Texas, 2003
22 Overturned a state law banning the use of contraceptives stating individuals had the right to privacy
23 Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965
24 Strict affirmative action quotas illegal, but race can be one consideration in admitting university students
25 Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 1978
26 Citing the Fourth Amendment, the Court established the Exclusionary Rule meaning that warrants were needed to obtain evidence for a trial
27 Mapp v. Ohio, 1961
28 Police can search and seize with probable cause or reasonable suspicion to protect themselves or society
29 Terry v. Ohio, 1968
30 Prior restraint is unconstitutional, the Supreme Court incorporated freedom of the press
31 Near v. Minnesota, 1931
32 Racial segregation that is a direct result of law or official government policy
33 De jure segregation
34 Clause in 5 th and 14 th Amendments. Over the years it has been construed to guarantee to individuals a variety of rights ranging from economic liberty to criminal procedural rights to protection from arbitrary governmental action
35 Due process
36 First clause in the 1 st Amendment that prohibits the federal government from creating a national religion
37 Establishment clause
38 False written statements destroying someone s reputation
39 Libel
40 Constitutional doctrine that prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact; generally held to be in violation of the 1 st Amendment. Once a newspaper has published an article or a person has delivered a speech, that paper or speaker has to take the consequences if what was written or said proves to be improper, mischievous, or illegal
41 Prior restraint
42 Personal guarantees and freedoms that the federal government cannot abridge by law or judicial interpretation
43 Civil liberties
44 Government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals based on categories such as race, sex, national origin, age, religion, or sexual orientation
45 Civil rights
46 Legislation passed by Congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and racial discrimination in employment, education, and voting. It created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
47 Civil Rights Act of 1964
48 Second clause of the 1 st Amendment it prohibits the U.S. government from interfering with a citizen s right to practice his or her religion
49 Free exercise clause
50 Supreme Court decision that the 14 th Amendment due process clause is binding on the states to uphold the Bill of Rights. The various provisions within the Bill of Rights have been incorporated individually on a case by case basis.
51 Incorporation doctrine (Selective incorporation)
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