STRUGGLE & FREEDOM.

Transcription

1 06 STRUGGLE & FREEDOM

2 Non-Violence

3 Gandhi in South Africa

4

5 Gandhi could gain the Trust & Respect of the Common People of India... Involvement in the Problems of Indians in South Africa His Protest in South Africa He Lived among the Common ( Food, Clothing, Language ) Common People Found him as a Saviour

6 Activity 1 (Group Discussion) Divide the Class in to Three Groups. Discuss the Early Struggles of Gandhi based on these Points and Prepare a Note 1. Champaran Struggle 2. Ahmedabad Cotton Mill Struggle 3. Peasant Struggle in kheda

7

8

9 In Champaran (Bihar) 1917 Economic Problems of Indigo Farmers He Launched 1 st Satyahraha there Govt. appointed a Committee Problems of Peasants were Resolved After Struggle he worked for them By establishing Primary School By Initiating Medical Aids By Involving in Cleaning activities

10

11 In Ahmedabad (Gujarat) 1918 Cotton Mill Workers They were Denied Plague Bonus Gandhi used Satyagraha as a tool Authorities Agreed to Hike the Wages

12 In Kheda (Gujarat) 1918 Farmers Due to Drought & Crop Failure Rulers Decided to Collect Tax Gandhi used Satyagraha and asked them not to Pay Tax Authorities agreed to Reduce the Tax

13 Activity 1 (Group Activity Consolidation ) Early Struggle of Gandhi o All were Regional & Economic issues o He used Disobedience & Satyagraha o Ensured the help of Local Leaders o His Method of Struggle was accepted by Everyone o People believed that Gandhi could solve all their Problems

14 Results of the Early Struggle of Gandhi o People understood his Ideology & Method of Struggles o Common People were attracted to the National Movement o City centric National Movement spread to Rural Areas o Gandhi became a National Leader acceptable to All

15

16 Activity 2 (Group Discussion) Divide the Class in to Groups. Discuss about these points and make a short note 1. Rowlatt Act 2. Jallianwala Bagh

17

18 Rowlatt Act 1919 By Sydney Rowlatt To Prevent Extreme Activities Limited the Civil Rights Any Person could be Arrested & Imprisoned without Trial Gandhi Suggested Satyagraha

19

20

21 Gen.Dyer Bullet marks on the walls

22 The narrow lane used for entering the park premises rounds of bullets were fired by troops on 20,000 innocent people. Jallianwala Bagh memorial,amritsar Bullet marks on the walls of the park premises

23

24

25 Activity 2 (Group Activity Consolidation ) Towards the National Movement o Rowlatt Act was an example for the violation of Human Rights by British o The Worst example of the British approach was Jallianwala Bagh (1919) o Jallianwala Bagh incident Intensified the Protests at the National Level

26 Non- Cooperation Movement

27 1 st National Level struggle by INC Led by Gandhi

28 Activity 3 (Listing the Points) What were the Characteristics of Non- Cooperation Movement

29 Students shall boycott English Schools Lawyers shall Boycott Courts Denial of Taxes Non- Cooperation Movement The Public shall Boycott Foreign Products Returning the British Awards and Prizes Boycott Elections

30 People Responded to Gandhi s Appeal for Non-Cooperation Farmers Refused to Pay Tax (Awadh) Tribal People entered the Forest & Collected Forest Products (Andhra) Farmers Refused to carry luggage of the Colonial Officials (Uttar Pradesh) Workers Struck Work Lawyers Boycotted Courts Students Quitted British Schools & Colleges Public burnt Foreign Cloths

31 Gandhi Motivated the People to Participate in Constructive Programmes To Make Indigenous Products To Spin Khadi by Charka To Establish National Schools To Popularise Hindi To Eradicate Untouchability

32 Gujarat Vidya Pith Kashi Vidya Pith Jamia Millia

33 Caliph Abdülmecid II, the last caliph who held the office from 1922 to 1924

34

35

36 Maulana Mohamad Ali & Shoukath Ali As a part of National Movement Active Partition of Muslims Gandhi Travelled across India with Khilafat Leaders

37 Result of Khilafat Movement Anti-British Feeling all over India Hindu-Muslim Unity was Intensified Strengthened National Movement Even at the Grass root Level Support of Muslim Community

38 Activity 4 (Slogans) Prepare some Slogans Supporting the Non- Cooperation Movement.

39 Swaraj is Our Aim India is Our Land We Want Freedom Avoid Foreign Cloths Stop All Taxes

40 Chauri Chaura (UP) Villages set afire the Police Station 22 Policemen Died Gandhi Suspended Non- Cooperation

41

42

43 Lahore Session of Congress Poorna Swaraj Civil Disobedience Ultimate Aim of Indian Freedom Struggle is to Attain Complete Freedom Disobey all Anti- Popular & Anti- Democratic Civil Laws by British

44 Activity 5 (Listing the Points) Prepare a Note about the Proposals put forward by Gandhi to Gain Freedom

45 Proposals Put forward by Gandhi To Remove Salt Tax To Declare 50% Tax Relaxation for Farmers To Increase Tax on Imported Foreign Cloths To Release Political Prisoners To Decrease Military Expenses To Dissolve the Secret Observation Wing To Start Coastal Shipping Service To Implement Prohibition of Liquor

46

47 Gandhi used Salt as a Powerful Weapon British got High Income from Salt Tax Heavy burden for Poor People British Banned Indigenous Salt Production There was 3 fold hike on Salt Price It was Inspired by all

48 Payyannur (Kerala) Police Tortured & Gandhi was Arrested Vedaranyaam (Tamil Nadu) They made Salt & Distributed Hoisted National Flag Chanted Anti-British Slogans

49 Payyannur Salt March (Kerala) Vedaranyaam Salt March (Tamil Nadu)

50 Payyannur (Kerala) K. Kelappan Bombay (Maharastra) Noakhali (Bengal) Dharasana (Gujarat) Sarojini Naidu Vedaranyaam (Tamil Nadu) C. Rajagopalachari Gandhi picking up grains of salt at the end of his march

51 By Making Salt as a Tool of Protest Gandhi Proved Even an Unimportant Common issue can be used as a Powerful tool for Public Protest To Secure Support of the Society To Informed the Public in a simple way to the Exploitation of the British

52 Activity 6 (Digital Presentation) Prepare a Digital Presentation about the Salt Satyagraha

53

54

55 Women during Civil Disobedience

56

57 79 Marchers accompanied Gandhi on his march to Dandi. 5 from Kerala No Name Age Province (British India) 1 Raghavan 25 Madras Presidency 2 Thevarthundiyil Titus 25 Madras Presidency 3 Krishna Nair 25 Madras Presidency 4 Tapan Nair 25 Madras Presidency 5 Shankaran 25 Madras Presidency

58 Civil disobedience continued until early 1931, when Gandhi was finally released from prison to hold talks with Irwin. It was the first time the two held talks on equal terms, and resulted in the Gandhi Irwin Pact.

59

60

61 Activity 7 (Group Discussion) Prepare a Note on Quit India Movement and its Importance

62

63 Quit India Last Popular Protest by INC under Gandhi Based on Non- Violence Forced the British to Leave the country By Offering Complete Freedom

64 Factors Caused Quit India Movement Unwillingness of the British to Implement Constitutional Reforms in India Public Disgust with Price Hike & Famine Assumption that the British would be Defeated in the 2 nd World War

65 As a Part of Quit India Gandhi Asked Princely States shall Recognise the Sovereignty of their People Farmers shall not Pay tax Govt. Officials shall Disclose their Loyalty to INC without Resigning Soldiers shall Disobey Orders to shoot Indians, Without Quitting from Army Students shall Boycott Education till attaining freedom

66 British Suppressed the Movement Arrested Gandhi & Others In Protest Mob Destroyed Many things Clear Indication to Grab Freedom for the Country

67 Activity 7 (Consolidation ) o o o o o Quit India Movement It was a Struggle based on Non-Violence (Ahimsa) Unwillingness of the British to Implement Constitutional Reforms in India, Public Disgust with Price Hike & Famine, Assumption that the British would be Defeated in the 2nd World War were the Factors Caused for the Movement Complete Freedom of India was the Aim of Gandhi. British Suppressed the Movement but they could not Control the Popular Agitations In Certain Areas the Struggle became Violent

68 Alternative Paths

69 Revolutionary Organisations Swaraj Party C.R.Das & Motilal Nehru Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (Republican Army) Revolutionaries from Punjab, Rajasthan, U.P & Bihar Bhagat Singh, Chandra Sekhar Azad, Raj Guru & Sukh Dev Abhinav Bharat Society V.D. Savarkar Ghadar Party Lala Hardayal Anuseelan Samithi Bareender Kumar Ghose, Pulin Bihari Das Indian Republican Army Surya Sen

70 Swaraj Party (1923) C.R.Das Motilal Nehru C.R.Das & Motilal Nehru Opposed Gandhi's method of Struggle of Boycott Argued for Legislative Assembles Contested Elections

71

72 Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Bhagat Singh Chandra Sekhar Azad 1928 Military Wing Republican Army Overthrow the British by Military Action & Establish a Federal Republic Raj Guru Sukh Dev

73

74

75 The Lahi charge that had led to the Death of Lala Lajpat Rai

76

77

78 Abhinav Bharat Society V.D. Savarkar

79 Ghadar Party Lala Hardayal

80 Ghadar Party

81 Ghadar Party

82 Anuseelan Samithi Anushilan_Samiti_office_ at_48,_bidhan_sarani Bareender Kumar Ghose, Pulin Bihari Das

83 Indian Republican Army

84 Congress Socialist Wing within INC Socialist Ideology from Russian Revolution

85 Influence of Russian Revolution

86 Congress Socialist Party JP Narayanan Chairman JP Narayanan In Bombay 1934 Great role in Quit India Movement They led the Movement when Gandhi and others were arrested Aruna Asaf Ali

87

88 Forward Bloc

89 Against Gandhi s Idea S.C. Bose formed a Political Party Forward Bloc INA by Rash Behari Bose Bose formed a provisional Govt. in Singapore Hoisted Indian Flag in Imphal Support of Japanese Army INA marched to the East West border of India Failure of Japan in the 2 nd World War demolished this Plan IndianNationalArmy

90 Failure of Japan in the 2 nd World War Japan Before & After War

91

92 Jhansi Regiment of INA

93

94

95 Activity 8 (Seminar / Digital Magazine) Prepare a Seminar / Digital Magazine about the Notable Revolutionaries of Indian Freedom Struggle

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107 Movements of Workers & Peasants Madras Labour Union Ahmedabad Textiles Association

108

109 Founders of AITUC in 1920

110 Objectives of AITUC To Organise & act as a Working Class To Cooperate with the Indian To participate actively Working class in the Freedom outside India Struggle

111 All India Kisan Sabha Farmers realized the need for Organised Struggle. Because o Tax Law of British o Exploitation of Zamindars o Low Price for Agricultural Products All India Kisan Congress (All India Kisan Sabha) was formed under N.G. Ranga in Lahore

112 Farmers Manifesto Reduce 50% of Land Tax & Lease charge Write off Debts Cancel Feudal Taxes Ensure Minimum Wages for Agriculture Recognise Peasant Unions These Demands were Prepared in the All Indian Kisan Samiti held in Bombay

113

114 Telengana Struggle

115

116 Activity 9 (Match the Following) Prepare a Match the Following Table about the Movements of Workers and Peasants A B

117 AITUC A All India Kisan Sahba Tebhaga Struggle Telengana Struggle Navel Mutiny B M.N.Joshy N.G.Ranga Bengal Andhra Pradesh Bombay

118 Independence of India was speed up o 2 nd world War ( ) o Financial Crisis in Britain o End of Imperialism o Intensified Freedom Struggles in Colonies o America & Soviet Union were against Imperialism o Labour Party in Britain under Clement Attlee

119 Clement Attlee

120 Claim For Pakistan Jinnah Muhammad Ali Jinnah & Gandhi Muhammad Ali Jinnah & All India Muslim League raised claim for a separate Country Called Pakistan Jinnah & Muslim League founders

121 Hindu Mahasabha also claimed for Divided India

122 Role of Mountbatten Mountbatten & his Wife with Gandhi with Nehru Mountbatten was appointed as the Viceroy of India Argued that Partition was Essential Prepared a Plan called Mountbatten Plan

123 Activity 10 (Short Note) Prepare a Short Note on the Role of Mountbatten in the Independence of India

124 Mountbatten Plan Separate Country for Muslims Divide Punjab & Bengal Appoint a Commission to determine the Borders Conduct a Referendum to Determine whether to add North West Frontier Province to Pakistan or Not

125 Sir Cyril Radcliff Prepared Map for Partition

126

127

128 Divided Punjab & Bengal and formed India & Pakistan

129

130 British Parliament Passed the Indian Independe nce Act in 1947

131 Union Jack Replacement of Power Indian Tricolor On 15 th August 1947

132 Head of State 14 th Aug 1947 Jinnah Prime Minister 15 th Aug 1947 Nehru

133

134 Additional Activities 1. Discuss the role of workers & Peasants in the freedom movement of India 2. Write a Short note on the role played by INA and S.C. Bose for the Freedom of India 3. Name the different Revolutionary Organizations and their Leaders who Dedicated their life to attain freedom for India 4. How can you say that The Quit India Movement was a Turning point in India s Freedom Struggle? 5. Why Gandhi selected salt as a powerful weapon against the British?

135 Michael Angelo M.A. MA (Phi., His.) HSA (Social Science) St. Mary s H.S. Palliport mamichaelma@gmail.com