INTUC - INDIAN NATIONAL TRADE UNION CONGRESS BMS - BHARATIYA MAZDOOR SANGH CITU - CENTRE OF INDIAN TRADE UNIONS AITUC - ALL INDIA TRADE UNION CONGRESS

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Cecil Fox
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1 INDIAN TRADE UNION The setting up of textile and clothing mills around the port cities of Bombay (now Mumbai), Calcutta (now Kolkata), Madras (now Chennai) and Surat in the second half of the 19th century led to the beginnings of the industrial workforce in India. Several incidents of strikes and protests by workers have been recorded during this time. The credit for the first association of Indian workers is generally given to the Bombay Mill- Hands Association founded by N.M. Lokhande in This was in the period just after the passing of the 'First' Factories Act in 1881 by the British Government of the time. The following years saw the formation of several labour associations and unions. The first clearly registered trade-union is considered to be the Madras Labour Union founded by B.P. Wadia in 1918, while the first trade union federation to be set up was the All India Trade Union Congress in Following the rapid growth of unions around the time of the First World War, the Russian Revolution and the setting up of the ILO - industrial conflict began to increase and over 1,000 strikes were recorded between 1920 and Subsequently, the Trade Union Act was passed which created the rules for the regulation and closer monitoring of Trade Unions. In the first year of the law's operation, 28 unions registered and submitted returns with a total membership 100,619. The number of unions grew rapidly after that and by the time of Independence of India in 1947, there were 2,766 unions registered which had a combined membership of over 1.66 million. This resulted in a wide influence of unions and workers' organisations and led to significantly favourable social legislation being enacted in the first decade of Independence. Several important labour laws were passed during this time. AFTER INDIPENDANCE Following its Independence in 1947 and the formation of the Republic in 1950, India largely followed a Socialist economic approach encouraging public sector employment and pro-worker legislations. The subsequent decades saw significant expansion in trade union membership with the number of active unions reaching its peak in the mid-1970s and mid-1980s. LIBERALISATION TO PRESENT The period following the Economic liberalisation in 1991 was characterised by declining government intervention in the economy, a decline in the creation of public sector employment and encouragement for the private sector. Efforts for unionisation in the private sectors were often met with opposition and the wider general withdrawal of State support for workers further undermined their bargaining power. These policies led to a stagnation in the number of unionised formal sector workers. A gradual shift in focus about the importance of the Informal sector and 'Informal employment in the formal sector' from the late 1990s onwards meant that trade unions also began to focus on these workers. This has led to greater enrolment of these workers and subsequently led to increases in union membership.

2 CENTRAL TRADE UNION ORGANISATIONS IN INDIA Local, firm-level or industry-level trade unions are often affiliated to larger Federations. The largest Federations in the country represent labour at the National level and are known as Central Trade Union Organisations. To acquire status as a CTUO, a trade union federation must have a verified membership of at least 500,000 workers who are spread over a minimum of four states and four industries (including agriculture). Trade-union membership verification is usually done once in a decade and an updated verification with new criteria is currently underway, with 2011 as the reference year. Complications around membership verification have existed due to discrepancies between membership claimed by the unions and actual members. These complications have increased in recent years following the wider inclusion of informal sector workers in union membership data. The following is a list of national-level Central Trade Union Organisations as recognised by the Ministry of Labour, Government of India. The list is for the reference year 2002 whose verification was completed in INTUC - INDIAN NATIONAL TRADE UNION CONGRESS BMS - BHARATIYA MAZDOOR SANGH CITU - CENTRE OF INDIAN TRADE UNIONS AITUC - ALL INDIA TRADE UNION CONGRESS HMS - HIND MAZDOOR SABHA UTUC - UNITED TRADE UNION CONGRESS AIUTUC - ALL INDIA UNITED TRADE UNION CENTRE AICCTU - ALL INDIA CENTRAL COUNCIL OF TRADE UNIONS LPF - LABOUR PROGRESSIVE FEDERATION NFITU - NATIONAL FRONT OF INDIAN TRADE UNIONS SEWA - SELF EMPLOYED WOMEN'S ASSOCIATION TUCC - TRADE UNION COORDINATION CENTRE

3 FOUNDING FATHERS MAHATMA GANDHI FATHER OF THE NATION FATHER OF THE INDIAN TRADE UNIONS DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD J.B. KRIPALANI RAJKUMAR SHUKLA ANASOOYA SARABHAI LALA LAJPAT RAI

4 C.R. DAS JAWAHARLAL NEHRU SUBASH CHANDRA BOSE V.V. GIRI SARDAR VALLABHAI PATEL GULSARILAL NANDA

HARENDRA COOMAR MOOKAERJEE VICE PRESIDENT, INDIAN CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY CHAIRMAN, MINORITIES SUB COMMITTEE JAWAHARLAL NEHRU

5 LABOUR LEADERS IN INDIAN CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD PRESIDENT, INDIAN CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY CHAIRMAN, RULES OF PROCEDURE COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN, STEERING COMMITTEE HARENDRA COOMAR MOOKAERJEE VICE PRESIDENT, INDIAN CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY CHAIRMAN, MINORITIES SUB COMMITTEE JAWAHARLAL NEHRU CHAIRMAN, UNION POWERS COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN, UNION CONSTITUTION COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN, STATES NEGOTIATING COMMITTEE DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR CHAIRMAN, DRAFTING COMMITTEE SARDAR VALLABHAI PATEL CHAIRMAN, PROVINCIAL CONSTITUTION COMMITTEE

6 J.B. KRIPALANI CHAIRMAN, FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS COMMITTEE GOPINATH BARDOLOI CHAIRMAN, TRIBAL AREAS COMMITTEE A.V. THAKKAR CHAIRMAN, EXCLUDED AREAS COMMITTEE

7 LEADERS FROM KERALA IN INDIAN CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY PATTOM THANUPILLAI R. SANKAR PANAMPALLY GOVINDA MENON P.T. CHACKO JOHN MATHAI P.S. NATARAJA PILLAI P. KUNHIRAMAN B. POCKER SAHIB ANNIE MASCARENE DAKSHAYANI VELAYUDHAN AMMU SWAMINATHAN A.K. MENON K.A. MUHAMMED

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT II CHAPTER 11: TRADE UNIONS

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT II CHAPTER 11: TRADE UNIONS Meaning of Trade Unions According to G.D.H. Cole, a trade union means an association carried on mainly for the purpose of protecting and advancing