SET- 15 MODERN INDIA

Transcription

1 1 SET- 15 MODERN INDIA

2 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 2 Q. 1. Consider the following statements regarding a Freedom fighter. 1. At the suggestion of Ramesh Chandra Dutta, he established the Brojomohun School & College. 2. He established the Bakarganj Hitaishini Sabha and a girls' school. 3. He founded the Swadesh Bandhab Samiti to promote the consumption of indigenous products and boycott foreign goods. 4. When the moderates and the extremists parted ways in the Surat session, he attempted a reconciliation between the two groups. The above descriptions are about which famous Freedom fighter? a. Rahimtulla M. Sayani b. Ashwini Kumar Dutta c. Lalmohan Ghosh d. Rashbihari Ghosh ANS: Ashwini Kumar Dutta Ashwini Kumar Dutta, popularly known as Ashwini Dutta was popular Indian freedom fighter, philanthropist, educationist, social reformer and nationalist.

3 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 3 He attended the third session of Indian National Congress held in Madras (now Chennai) and discussed about the requirement of reforms in the Legislative Council. The British Indian Government of India of the newly formed Eastern Bengal and Assam banned the Swadesh Bandhab Samiti in the year He was deported to the United Provinces where Dutta was imprisoned at the Lucknow jail. Ashwini Kumar Dutta also undertook relief work after the cyclone in Barisal in At the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress Party in the year 1921, he supported the non violent Non Cooperation Movement. Mahatma Gandhi, went to Barisal in the same year to respect the great leader. Ashwini Kumar Dutta also supported the workers of Assam Bengal Railway and Steamer Company who started a strike as a protest against the hostilities and violence on the workers of tea plantations of Assam in the year Bhaktiyoga, Karmayoga, Prem, Durgotsavtattva, Atmapratistha, Bharatgee are some of his famous works. Q. 2. Consider the following statements regarding The Imperial Cadet Corps. 1. The Imperial Cadet Corps was signed and approved by Secretary of State for India and thus it came into being for the first time under the direct surveillance of Lord Dalhousie. 2. Maharaja Pratap Singh of Idar was made its Honorary commandant. 3. The selected youths between years were to be admitted as Imperial Cadets and their education was to be at one of the Chief s college at Rajkot, Indore, Lahore or Ajmer. Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 3 only

4 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 4 ANS: 2 and 3 In November 1904, the form of Commission for Imperial Cadet Corps was signed and approved by Secretary of State for India and thus Imperial Cadet Corps came into being for the first time under the direct surveillance of Lord Curzon. Major D H Cameroon was made its commandant and Maharaja Pratap Singh of Idar was made its Honorary commandant. The selected youths between years were to be admitted as Imperial Cadets and their education was to be at one of the Chief s college at Rajkot, Indore, Lahore or Ajmer. The selected cadets had to join the corps at Dehradun. Other Important Notes about Lord Curzon During Curzon regime The Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) was established which covered roughly the areas of upper course of River Indus. The Agriculture Research Institute in Pusa (Bihar Bengal Presidency) was established. In 1901, Imperial Cadet Corps was launched. British Pound made legal tender in Rupees. Q. 3. Which of the following statements regarding the Pindaris are Correct? 1. They used to serve the army without any payment but instead were allowed to plunder. 2. They were staunch supporters of the British forces. 3. Lord Hastings determined to suppress the Pindaris. 4. During the time of Baji Rao I, they were irregular horsemen attached to the Maratha army. Which of the following statements are Incorrect? a. 1 and 3 b. 3 and 4

5 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 5 c. 1, 3 and 4 ANS: 1, 3 and 4 The origin of Pindaris is lost in obscurity. The first reference about them is during the Mughal invasion of Maharashtra. They did not belong to any particular caste or creed. They used to serve the army without any payment but instead were allowed to plunder. During the time of Baji Rao I, they were irregular horsemen attached to the Maratha army. It is worth mentioning here that they never helped the British. They were mostly active in the areas of Rajputana and the Central Provinces and subsisted on plunder. Their leaders belonged to both the Hindu as well as the Muslim communities. Chief amongst them were Wasil Muhammad, Chitu and Karim Khan. They had thousands of followers. Lord Hastings determined to suppress the Pindaris. Q. 4. Consider the following statements regarding the Quit India Movement 1. Ram Manohar Lohia, Jayaprakash Narain started consolidating underground networks. 2. An underground Congress Radio was established and its announcer was Aruna Asaf Ali. 3. Parallel governments were set up at Ballia in eastern U.P. under the leadership of Chittu Pande. 4. Communist Party of India supported the movement. Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1, 2 and 4 b. 2 and 3

6 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 6 c. 1 and 3 d. All the above ANS: 1 and 3 Mahatma Gandhi was kept in prison at Poona. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Abul Kalam Azad, and other leaders were imprisoned in the Ahmednagar Fort. At this time, leadership was provided by Ram Manohar Lohia, Achyuta, S.M. Joshi, Jayaprakash Narain and Aruna Asaf Ali who started consolidating underground networks. An underground Congress Radio was establishment and its announcer was Usha Mehta. Parallel governments were set up at various places such as the one in Ballia in eastern U.P. under the leadership of Chittu Pande. Others were in Satara, Talcher, parts of Eastern U.P. and Bihar. However, the Muslim League kept aloof from the movement and the Hindu Mahasabha condemned the movement. The Communist Party of India also didn t support the movement Q. 5. Which of the following statements regarding Swaraj Party are Correct? 1. The Swarajists wanted to contest the council elections and wreck the government from within. 2. It demanded the setting up of responsible government in India but were against the changes in the Government of India Act of When a Committee chaired by the Home Member, Alexander Muddiman considered the system of Dyarchy as proper, a resolution was passed against it in the Central Legislative Council. Select the answer from the Codes.

7 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 7 a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 ANS: 1 and 3 The suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement led to a split within Congress in the Gaya session of the Congress in December Leaders like Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das formed a separate group within the Congress known as the Swaraj Party on 1 January The Swarajists wanted to contest the council elections and wreck the government from within. Elections to Legislative Councils were held in November In this, the Swaraj Party gained impressive successes. In the Central Legislative Council Motilal Nehru became the leader of the party whereas in Bengal the party was headed by C.R. Das. The Swaraj Party did several significant things in the Legislative Council. It demanded the setting up of responsible government in India with the necessary changes in the Government of India Act of The party could pass important resolutions against the repressive laws of the government. When a Committee chaired by the Home Member, Alexander Muddiman considered the system of Dyarchy as proper, a resolution was passed against it in the Central Legislative Council. After the passing away of C.R. Das in June 1925, the Swaraj Party started weakening. Q. 6. Who was the founder of the Newspaper Sudharak? a. G.K. Gokhale b. Abul Kalam Azad

8 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 8 c. Aurobindo Ghosh d. Tarak Nath Das ANS: G.K. Gokhale Q. 7. Consider the following statements. 1. S. Satyamurthy and E. V. Ramaswami Naicker were the important leaders of the Non Cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu. 2. Periyar E.V.R. didn t have any role in the Vaikom Satyagraha in Kerala against the practice of social segregation. 3. S. Satyamurthy of Pudukkottai led the anti-simon Campaign in 1929 when the Simon Commission visited Tamil Nadu. Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 and 3 b. 1 only c. 3 only ANS: 1 and 3 In Tamil Nadu the Non-cooperation Movement was strong during the years Beginning in March 1921 there were campaigns of Non-Cooperation against the foreign regulations. Non- Cooperation had been a success in Tamil Nadu. C. Rajagopalachari, S. Satyamurthi and E. V. Ramaswami Naicker were the important leaders of the Non Cooperation Movement in Tamil Nadu. Periyar E.V.R. launched the Vaikom Satyagraha in Kerala against the practice of social segregation.

9 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 9 S. Satyamurthy of Pudukkottai was one of the important freedom fighters. He led the anti-simon Campaign in 1929 when the Simon Commission visited Tamil Nadu. Q. 8. On November 2, 1929, a conference of prominent national leaders issued a "Delhi Manifesto". Which of the following statements are Correct in this regard? 1. The purpose of the Round Table Conferences (RTC), promised by Lord Irwin, should be to formulate a scheme for implementation of Complete Independence. 2. The Congress should have majority representation at the Round Table Conferences (RTC) 3. Viceroy Irwin rejected these demands Select the answer from the Codes. a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 3 only ANS: 2 and 3 On November 2, 1929, a conference of prominent national leaders issued a Delhi Manifesto which demanded: The purpose of the Round Table Conferences (RTC), promised by Lord Irwin, should be to formulate a scheme for implementation of the dominion status; The Congress should have majority representation at the conference; Amnesty and a general policy of conciliation

10 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 10 Viceroy Irwin rejected these demands on December 23, 1929, which led to the demand of Purna swaraj in Lahore session of INC. Q. 9. Which of the following are Jinnah s Fourteen Points? 1. One-third Muslim representation in the Central Legislature 2. Provincial autonomy 3. Dyarchy 4. Separate electorates for Muslims 5. Full religious freedom to all communities Select the answer from the Codes a. 1, 2, 3 and 4 b. 1, 2, 4 and 5 c. 2 and 4 ANS: 1, 2, 4 and 5 On December 1928, during all parties meeting Jinnah proposed some amendments on the Nehru Reports. He proposed Fourteen Points for safeguarding the rights and interests of the Muslims in any future constitution of the country. Jinnah s Fourteen Demands 1. Federal Constitution with residual powers to provinces. 2. Provincial autonomy. 3. No constitutional amendment by the centre without the concurrence of the states constituting the Indian federation.

11 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA All legislatures and elected bodies to have adequate representation of Muslims in every province without reducing a majority of Muslims in a province to a minority or equality. 5. Adequate representation to Muslims in the services and in self-governing bodies. 6. One-third Muslim representation in the Central Legislature. 7. In any cabinet at the centre or in the provinces, one- third to be Muslims. 8. Separate electorates for Muslims. 9. No bill or resolution in any legislature to be passed if three-fourths of a minority community considers such a bill or resolution to be against their interests. 10. Any territorial redistribution not to affect the Muslim majority in Punjab, Bengal and NWFP. 11. Separation of Sindh from Bombay. 12. Constitutional reforms in the NWFP and Balochistan. 13. Full religious freedom to all communities. 14. Protection of Muslim rights in religion, culture, education and language. Q. 10. Consider the following statements. 1. Abanindranath Tagore broke the domination of Victorian naturalism over Indian art and took inspiration from Mughal, Ajanta and Rajput paintings. 2. Nandlal Bose, who left a major imprint on Indian art, was the first recipient of a scholarship offered by the Indian Society of Oriental Art, founded in Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2 ANS: Both 1 and 2

12 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 12 Q. 11. Which of the following statements are Correct? 1. The initial attempt to train the Civil Servants locally was done by Sir John Shore. 2. Within the campus of the Fort William, the Fort Williams College was founded on 10 July The idea was to teach the British rookies understand the Oriental Culture, tradition, law and administration to better coordinate in the governance. Select the answer from the Codes. a. 1 only b. 2 and 3 c. 3 only ANS: 2 and 3 The initial attempt to train the Civil Servants locally was done by Lord Wellesley. Within the campus of the Fort William, he founded Fort Williams College on 10 July The idea was to teach the British rookies understand the Oriental Culture, tradition, law and administration to better coordinate in the governance. Q. 12. Which of the following states were annexed by the Doctrine of Lapse? 1. Nagpur 2. Sambhalpur 3. Jaitpur 4. Bhagat 5. Udaipur

13 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 13 Select the answer from the Codes a. 1 and 3 b. 2 and 3 c. 1, 2 and 3 ANS: All of the above Dalhousie applied the doctrine of lapse vigorously for annexing Indian princely states, but the policy was not solely his invention. The Court of Directors of the East India Company had articulated this early in CATEGORIES OF STATES 1. Those rulers who did not pay any tribute to the British Government and never accepted the paramountcy of the British power in India were under Independent States. 2. Those States and Rajas who had accepted the paramountcy of the British Government and paid a regular tribute. They were called Protected allies. 3. Those Rajas and Chieftains who had been placed or installed on the throne by the British Government and had been given letter of authority for their re-installation as Rajas; were called Dependent States. The second category mentioned above needed to take necessary permission from the company for adopting son to succeed to throne. The permission was dependent on personal whim and wish of British. It was third category which was not allowed to adopt a son at all. Q. 13. Consider the following statements regarding INA. 1. Rash Behari Bose, set up the Azad Hind Government (the Provincial Government of Free India), adopted the tri-color flag and gave the slogan of Jai Hind

14 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA In May 1944, battalion of I.N.A. captured Mowdok, outpost situated southeast of Chittagaon and hoisted the tricolour flag on Indian soil. 3. Fighting side by side with the Japanese Armed forces, the I.N.A. could never cross the Indian frontier due to British resistance. Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 1 only ANS: 1 and 2 Rash Behari Bose, who set up the Azad Hind Government (the Provincial Government of Free India), adopted the tri-color flag and gave the slogan of Jai Hind (victory of India), handed over the leadership to him. On 6th July 1944, Subhash Bose made an appeal on the Azad Hind Radio, Singapore, to Gandhi and seek his blessings and good wishes, calling him the Father of Nation. In May 1944, battalion I of I.N.A. captured Mowdok, (outpost situated southeast of Chittagaon) and hoisted the tri-color flag on Indian soil. Another battalion under Shah Nawaz Khan joined the Japanese Army in their assault on Kohima in Nagaland. Fighting side by side with the Japanese Armed forces, the I.N.A. crossed the Indian frontier on 18th March However, the campaign achieved only limited success. Q. 14. Gandhi addressed an ultimatum to Viceroy Lord Irwin on 31 January, asking him to remove the evils of the British rule and also informed of his decision to undertake Dandi Satyagraha. Which of the following were some of the demands put forward by him. 1. Change the ratio between the rupee and the sterling

15 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA Reject the Postal Reservation Bill 3. Issue licenses of arms to citizens for self-protection 4. Abolish custom duty on foreign cloth Select the answer from the Codes a. 1 and 3 b. 1, 2 and 3 c. 2 and 4 ANS: 1 and 3 The list of demands consisted the following: 1. Prohibit intoxicants 2. Change the ratio between the rupee and the sterling, 3. Reduce the rate of land revenue 4. Abolition of salt tax 5. Reduce the military expenditure 6. Reduce expenditure on civil administration 7. Impose custom duty on foreign cloth 8. Accept the Postal Reservation Bill 9. Abolish the CID department 10. Release all political prisoners 11. Issue licenses of arms to citizens for self-protection. Gandhi made it clear that if the 11 points are ignored, the only way out was civil disobedience. Breaking the salt laws of the government non-violently was the basic activity of civil disobedience. Along with this activity, activities like no tax campaign, no revenue and no rent (land tax) campaign became very popular in different parts of India.

16 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 16 Q.15. Consider the following statements 1. The first concrete step in organizing judicial administration was taken up by Warren Hastings. 2. In 1801 the judicial authority of the Governor General Council came to an end and three judges were appointed to form the Sadar Diwani Adalat or Civil Appellate Court. 3. Cornwallis separated the posts of Civil Judge and the collector from whom appeals lay to four new appellate courts set up at Calcutta, Dacca, Murshidabad and Patna Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 3 only ANS: All of the above The first concrete step in organizing judicial administration was taken up by Warren Hastings. He for the first time made the district as a unit of judicial administration. In 1801 the judicial authority of the Governor General Council came to an end and three judges were appointed to form the Sadar Diwani Adalat or Civil Appellate Court. The principle of duality between the courts of the Crown and the Zamindari Courts ended in 1861 when the Indian High Court Act established High Courts at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay in place of the Supreme Court as well as the Sadar Court. In 1790 criminal appeals were transferred to the Governor-General and Council who was assisted by Chief Qazi and two muftis. This was part of the general policy of Cornwallis in replacing Indians by Europeans in all higher posts.

17 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 17 Cornwallis established District courts under British judges. He separated the posts of civil judge and the collector from whom appeals lay to four new appellate courts set up at Calcutta, Dacca, Murshidabad and Patna Q. 16. Consider the following statements regarding Working Class Movements 1. N. M. Lokhanday established a working men's club in Bengal in 1870 and published a monthly journal 'Bharat Sramjeevi' in Sasipada Banerjee formed the 'Bombay Millhands Association' in 1884 and also published a journal named 'Din Bandhu. 3. B.P. Wadia, a close associate of Annie Besant formed the 'Madras Labour Union' in Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 3 only ANS: 3 only M. N. Roy formed a pro-government Trade Union called 'Indian Federation of Labour'. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel formed the Indian National Trade Union Congress in S. S. Bengalee proposed a Bill in favour of the workers in Bombay Legislative Assembly in His initiative however failed. Sasipada Banerjee established a working men's club in Bengal in 1870 and published a monthly journal 'Bharat Sramjeevi' in First Factory Act was passed in 1881 and was mainly related with the child workers, working hours and defining a factory. Second Factory Act was passed in It was related mainly with working hours of female workers.

18 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 18 N. M. Lokhanday formed the 'Bombay Millhands Association' in He also published a journal named 'Din Bandhu.' B.P. Wadia, a close associate of Annie Besant formed the 'Madras Labour Union' in It was the first trade union of India. In 1920, the All India Trade Union Congress (A.I.T.U.C.) was organised at Bombay by N. M. Joshi and others. The first session (1920) was presided over by the then Congress president, Lala Lajpat Rai. Q. 17. With reference to the Government of India Act 1858, which among the following statements is / are correct? 1. A system of legislative devolution began in India with this act 2. The secretary of state was given responsibility to present a statements of Revenues and Expenditures in British India 3. The secretary of state was given the power to appoint Viceroy and Governor-General of presidencies Select the answer from the Codes a. 1 and 2 b. 2 only c. 2 and 3 ANS: 2 only The first statement is incorrect. A system of legislative devolution began in India with Indian Councils Act 1861 which was enacted 3 years later. The second statement is correct. With this act, the Secretary of State for India was given the responsibility to lay the statements of Revenues and Expenditures (might be a prototype of Budget) in the British Parliament.

19 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 19 The secretary of state had to present report on Revenue, Railways, Law and Construction before the House of Commons, the lower house of British Parliament. Without the permission of Parliament, except in emergency case, Indian revenue could not be utilized in military expedition/mission outside the Indian Territory. The British Parliament could ask questions from the secretary of state in governance and revenue. The parliament was empowered to criticize him and remove him. The third statement is incorrect. The power to appoint Viceroy and Governor-General and governors of Presidencies (Bombay, Madras) was given to the British crown. The power to appoint Lieutenant Governor was given to Viceroy after getting approval from the British Government. Q. 18. Which of the following statements regarding Government of India Act 1935 are Correct? 1. This Act introduced direct elections in India for the first time. 2. The Reserve Bank of India was established as per this Act. 3. Aden was also separated from India and made into a Crown colony. 4. The federal court established at Delhi for the resolution of disputes between provinces and also between the centre and the provinces was abolished. Select the answer from the Codes a. 1, 2 and 3 b. 2 and 4 c. 1 and 3 ANS: 1, 2 and 3 A federal court was established at Delhi for the resolution of disputes between provinces and also between the centre and the provinces.

20 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA 20 The Indian Council was abolished. The Secretary of State for India would instead have a team of advisors. This Act introduced direct elections in India for the first time. About 10% of the whole population acquired voting rights. The British Parliament retained its supremacy over the Indian legislatures both provincial and federal. A Federal Railway Authority was set up to control Indian railways. The Reserve Bank of India was established as per this Act. The Act also provided for the establishment of federal, provincial and joint Public Service Commissions. Burma was severed off from India. Aden was also separated from India and made into a Crown colony. Q. 19. Which of the following pair of Congress Session is not correctly matched? a. Nagpur Session 1920: Changes in the Constitution of the Congress b. Madras Session 1927: Independence Resolution passed for the first time at the instance of Jawaharlal Nehru c. Calcutta Session 1928: Return of Gandhi to active politics after six years d. Lahore Session 1929: Resolution on Fundamental Rights and National Economic Policy ANS: Lahore Session 1929: Resolution on Fundamental Rights and National Economic Policy Q. 20. Consider the following statements regarding Gopal Krishna Gokhale 1. Mahadev Govind Ranade helped Gokhale in establishing the Servants of India Society in Gokhale was the secretary of the Reception Committee of the 1895 Poona session of Indian National Congress.

21 FINAL LAP REVISION FOR PRELIMS SET 15- MODERN INDIA In 1905, Gokhale was sent by the Congress on a special mission to England to spread India s constitutional demands among the British leaders Which of the following statements are Correct? a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 c. 2 and 3 ANS: All of the above Mahadev Govind Ranade helped Gokhale in establishing the Servants of India Society in The main objective of this society was to train Indians to raise their voices and serve their country. Gokhale also worked with Ranade in a quarterly Journal, called Sarvajanik. The Journal wrote about the public questions of the day in frank and fearless manner. Gokhale was the secretary of the Reception Committee of the 1895 Poona session of Indian National Congress. Gokhale was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council where he spoke strongly against the then Government. In 1905, Gokhale was sent by the Congress on a special mission to England to spread India s constitutional demands among the British leaders. Gokhale was instrumental in the formation of the Minto-Morley Reforms of 1909, which was tabled. The Reforms Act became law in 1909 but it was disappointing that despite Gokhale s efforts, the people were not given a proper democratic system.