POLITICAL GRAFFITI ON THE WEST BANK WALL IN ISRAEL / PALESTINE

Transcription

1 SUB Hamburg A/ POLITICAL GRAFFITI ON THE WEST BANK WALL IN ISRAEL / PALESTINE Steven T. (Dlberg With a Foreword by David Smith The Edwin Mellen Press Lewiston'Queenston'Lampeter

2 Table of Contents Abstract Commendatory Foreword-Dr. David Smith Preface-Dr. Liza Burr i iii v Chapter 1-Introduction 1 The Wall 1 Graffiti as a Nonviolent Response to the Wall 6 Purpose of the Study 8 Thesis: Expected Dichotomy of Thought Created by Divisive Structure 12 Chapter 2- Literature Review 15 Introduction-Street Art and Political Graffiti 15 Street Art 16 Visual and Social Transformations: Fluid Messages and Ambiguous Aesthetics in Street Art 19 Giving Voice to the Silenced Through Active Resistance 23 Anonymous Product and Invisible Process in Grassroots Communication 27 National Identity and Sovereignty Politics 28 Conclusion: Historical Context Applied to the

3 Political Graffiti on the West Bank Wall 30 Chapter 3- Methodology 33 Photographic Archiving of Graffiti 33 Decoding of Graffiti Photographs 36 Bethlehem and Hebrew Universities Descriptions 39 Recruitment of Student Participants From Bethlehem and Hebrew Universities 41 Interview Process 45 Chapter 4-Political Graffiti 51 Introduction and Initial Impressions 51 Graphic and Stylistic Tools of Communication 53 Monster Theme with Restrictions of Movement and the Pictures of the Wall 59 Monster Related to the Right of Return 61 Monster: The West Bank Wall Itself as Graffiti Monster as an Historical Reference 69 Methods of Social Transformation Seen in Graphic and Stylistic Tools of Communication 70 Using English, Arabic, Hebrew, Spanish, French, and German 72

4 Seen in Arabic Examples 77 Seen In the International Support and Solidarity.. 79 Seen with American Support or Condemnation Seen with Political Heroes and Villains 85 Natural Resource as seen with Land, Olive Trees, Water, "Land as People" 88 Natural Resources Seen with Olive Trees and Water 90 Equality Seen in Graphic Renderings of Peace, Love, Nonviolence, and Freedom 91 Equality in Messages of Peace and Love 94 Equality in the Graphic Renderings of Justice and Freedom 96 Resistance and Nonviolence 99 Change Concept with Violence and Revolution Change and Nonviolence Concepts 103 Gender and Religion 104 Concluding Synthesis and Lessons Learned From Graffiti Messages 105

5 Chapter 5-Student Interviews Ill Introduction Ill Overall Impressions Ill The Wall 118 Graffiti Techniques and Symbolism 132 Definitions, Boundaries, and Identities 150 Solidarity and Identities 155 National Identities 162 Ownership and Boundaries, Imperialism and the Right of Return 164 Ownership and Boundaries, Claims of Ethnic Cleansing, Apartheid Comparisons, and Accusations of Fascism 180 Hope and Peace 189 Fear of the Present and Hope for the Future, and Proposed Solutions for Peace 192 Opinions Regarding World Leaders 196 Religion and Political Philosophies as Variables for Peace 199 Inhumane Suffering and Inappropriate Civilian Targeting 202 Ownership, and Boundaries, and Inhumanity Fear of the Present, Hope for the Future, and Fear of Terrorism 209

6 Communication, Education, and Compromise with Summative Questions 213 Lessons Learned From Student Interviews 226 Chapter 6-Conclusion and Future Research Possibilities.229 Significance and Meaning of Research 229 Power Imbalance and the Abuse of Natural Resources 231 Communication 233 Education 234 Compromise 235 Lessons Learned, Future Research Possibilities, and Possibilities for Peace Action Steps 237 Epilogue-Dr. Pam Nice 241 Reference 243 Appendices 251 Index 317