PT-1 Answer Key Set-1. History

Transcription

1 PT-1 Answer Key Set-1 History Q1. Conservative regimes set up in 1815 were autocratic. A) They did not tolerate criticism and dissent. B) They tried to curb the activities that questioned the legitimacy of autocratic governments. C) Imposed censorship laws to control newspapers, books, songs that reflected the idea of liberty and freedom. Q2. Artists in 18 th and 19 th centuries found a way out a new way of personifying a nation. They represented a country as if it were a person. Nations were portrayed as female figures that did not exist in real life and tried to give the abstract idea of nation a concrete form. The female figure became an allegory of the nation. Q3. In Britain the formation of nation state was not a result of upheaval or revolution but a result of a long drawn process. A) The ethnic groups inhabiting that British isles were-english, Welsh, Scot, Irish. English grew in power and importance and tried to control other island/ethnic groups. B) The English Parliament took lead in creating a nation state. The act of union between England and Scotland in 1707 resulted in formation of a United Kingdom of Great Britain and subjugation of Scotland and its culture. English members dominated the Parliament C) In Ireland the English helped the Protestants to establish dominance over Catholics. Ireland was incorporated into United Kingdom in D) A new British nation was formed through propagation of English culture. E) The symbols of New Britain were British Flag( Union Jack), national anthem, the English language. Q4. A) Balkan area was a source of nationalist tension in Europe after The area included modern day Romania, Greece, Bulgaria,Albania. The inhabitants were called Slavs. B) The Balkan states that had been under control of the Ottoman Empire demanded independence and used history to prove their claims. C) The Balkan states were jealous of each other and tried to gain more territory at the cost of other. D) Control over the Balkan area also became the reason for intense rivalry between European powers Russia, Germany, England. E)This led to series of wars in the region and finally the First World War 1.

2 Political Science Q1. relating to a population subgroup (within a larger or dominant national or cultural group) with a common national or cultural tradition. "ethnic and cultural rights and traditions" Q2. The leaders of the sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of Majoritarian measures to establish sinhala supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. The government followed preferential policies that favoured sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new Constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All these government measures, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the sri lankan tamils. Q3. Prudential Reason- Power sharing helps in reducing the conflict between various social groups. Hence, power sharing is necessary for maintaining social harmony and peace. In India, seats are reserved for the weaker sections of society. Example: reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. This allows the weaker sections also to participate in the running of the Government. Q4. Distribution of Power among Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements: Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements control or influence those who are in power. Different political parties contest elections for power which ensures that power does not remain in one hand and shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Pressure groups and movements influence the decision making process.

3 GEOGRAPHY/ECONOMICS CLASS 10 PERIODIC TEST I SET 1 Q1. Kerala with lower per capita income has better Human Development ranking than Maharashtra as kerala has higher literacy rate and lower infant mortality rate whereas Maharashtra has lower literacy rate and high infant mortality rate. Q2. Resources are classified as Renewable and Non Renewable resources based on exhaustibility. Q3. Happiness, Peace, Disease free environment, Pollution free environment, Love and care of family members. Q4. Every individual is different from each other and hence their notion of development also varies. Two individuals or group of people may have conflicting interests. The fulfillment of the desires of one group may have an opposite effect on the other group. For example, the building of large dams is considered as the sign of development by many people. However, it results in the displacement of the villagers and tribals from their homes and the destruction of forest land. They therefore resent the building of large dams and hold protests demanding their land. The Narmada Bachao Andolan is one such case where the villagers and tribals are protesting against the building of Sardar Sarovar Dam on the river Narmada. Q5. Alluvial Soil is formed by the deposition brought by rivers like i.e. Ganga, Indus and Brahmaputra. According to the age of the soils of the Northern Plain they have been differentiated by two names: (a) Bhangar and (b) Khadar. (a) Bhangar - These are the older alluvium or old soil and form the largest part of the Northern Plains. They lie above the flood plains of the rivers and present a terrace like structure. It often contains Kankar nodules made of calcareous deposits. (b) Khadar - The newer and younger deposits of the flood plains are known as Khadar. So, these are the new alluvium or new soil and are very fertile. Thus, Khadar is ideal for intensive agriculture Q6 Average Income refers to the total income of the country divided by the total population of the country. LIMITATIONS They hide the disparities that exist between rich and poor. Two different countries might have same per capita income but may vary in terms of the level of development in health, education etc. This criteria takes into account only the economic parameter while calculating the level of development and ignores the important social parameters like education, health etc. Q7. Resource planning is important in a country like India, which has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. While some regions are rich in certain types of resources, they may be deficient in some other types of resources.

4 For example, a mineral-rich region may be poor in infrastructure or may be socioculturally backward and included in economically backward regions. Some regions are self-sufficient in terms of availability of resources, while, on the other hand, there are regions that face an acute shortage of resources. Thus, for proper development, distribution, sharing and utilisation of resources, taking into consideration the technology, quality of human resources and historical experiences of the people, resource planning is essential for development. Q8. Map Worka) Mountain Soil-Identify

5 PT-1 Answer Key Set-2 History Q1. A) Population increased enormously and led to problem of employment. People migrated from rural areas to overcrowded cities. B) small product era faced competition from imports of Machine made goods from England. C) Peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues. D) Price of goods was high and food shortages were widespread. Q2. Political liberalism- emphasized the concept oh government by consent. End of autocracy and privileges, a representative government through parliament. Economic Liberalism- stood for free markets, abolition of state imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital. Q3. A) Italy was divided into seven states. Sardinia Piedmont was a princely house. B) The attempt to unify Italy by Guiseppe Mazzini through secret society failed in 1831 and The responsibility of unifying Italy now fell on the shoulders of King Victor Emmanuel-II C) Chief minister Cavour used diplomacy and aligned with France and succeeded in defeating Austrian Forces in D) The armed volunteers under Garibaldi joined the movement and marched into Kingdom of Two Sicilies and South Italy and drove out Spanish Rulers. E) In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was made the King of United Italy. Q4. A) Romanticism was a cultural movement that criticised reason and logic and focused on emotions, feelings to create a sense of collective belonging and not through war/ territorial expansion. B) Romanticists such as Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that it was through German culture, poetry, folk songs discovered among German people, that spirit of nation is to be popularised. Collecting and recording these forms are essential for nation building. C) Emphasis on vernacular language and folklore was made to spread message of nationalism to people who were illiterate D) Karol Kurpinski celebrated national struggle through operas, music, dances like mazurka into nationalist symbols. E) Language also played important role in creating nationalist sentiments. Poland used the Polish language against the wishes of Russian who forced them to use Russian, as a weapon of national resistance. Russians punished the priests, bishops for using Polish language and sent them to jail.

6 Political Science Q1. rule by a majority, especially the belief that those constituting a simple majority should make the rules for all members of a group, nation, etc. Q2. Some of the elements of the Belgian Model : Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. No single community can make decisions unilaterally. Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the 2 regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the central government. Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. Apart from the central and the state government, there is a 3rd kind of government : Community Government. Community Government : (i) It is elected by people belonging to 1 language community - Dutch, French and German speaking - no matter where they live. (ii) This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language - related issues. Q3. MORAL REASON A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. It upholds the spirit of democracy. In a truly democratic setup, the citizens too have a stake in governance. In India, the citizens can come together to debate and criticise the policies and decisions of the government. This in turn puts pressure on the government to rethink its policies and reconsider its decisions. Q4. The Sri lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the :- - recognition of Tamil as an official language. - for regional autonomy and ; - equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. By the 1980s, several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state) in northern and eastern parts of sri lanka.

7 GEOGRAPHY/ECONOMICS CLASS 10 PERIODIC TEST I Q1. World bank takes into account the Per capita income while UNDP takes into account the Human Developmet Index (Health, education and per capita income) while calculating the level of development. Q2. Individual, Community, National and International Resources Q3.Happiness, Peace, Disease free environment, Pollution free environment, Love and care of family members. Q4. Every individual is different from each other and hence their notion of development also varies. Two individuals or group of people may have conflicting interests. The fulfillment of the desires of one group may have an opposite effect on the other group. For example, the building of large dams is considered as the sign of development by many people. However, it results in the displacement of the villagers and tribals from their homes and the destruction of forest land. They therefore resent the building of large dams and hold protests demanding their land. The Narmada Bachao Andolan is one such case where the villagers and tribals are protesting against the building of Sardar Sarovar Dam on the river Narmada. A girl might want equal freedom as her brother but the same freedom might be a developmental goal for the girl but might be conflicting for her brother as it concerns the safety and security of her sister. Q5 Indiscriminate use of resources creates following problems : (i) Global ecological crises such as global warming. (ii) It has also led to depletion of the ozone layer. (iii) It has also caused environmental pollution and land degradation. The resultant threat to ecology and environment has put the future of our planet in danger. (iv) Natural disasters have become very frequent. Many species of flora and fauna have already become extinct. Q6. Public facilities are essential for the social and economic development. Economic development and social development are both dependent on public facilities such as education, health etc. Without these people cannot achieve their full potential. Some important public facilities are : (i) Construction of roads, railways, generating electricity, developing ports etc. These are used by people so they have to be developed. (ii) Providing essential goods at cheap rates or below their cost price so that even poor people can afford them. Such activities have to be undertaken by the government. (iii) Providing adequate health and education facilities to each and every citizen is a primary duty of any government. Such services are essential because a healthy and educated citizen is an asset for the country. (iv) Providing safe drinking water, housing and nutritious food to children etc., are other such public facilities which are essential

8 Q7. Resource planning is important in a country like India, which has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. While some regions are rich in certain types of resources, they may be deficient in some other types of resources. For example, a mineral-rich region may be poor in infrastructure or may be socioculturally backward and included in economically backward regions. Some regions are self-sufficient in terms of availability of resources, while, on the other hand, there are regions that face an acute shortage of resources. Thus, for proper development, distribution, sharing and utilisation of resources, taking into consideration the technology, quality of human resources and historical experiences of the people, resource planning is essential for development. Q8. Map Workb) Alluvial Soil-Identify