APEH Comprehensive Review Study Guide Part 2

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1 APEH D-Day Review Points Possible: 300 pts per section 1-3 Name: APEH Comprehensive Review Study Guide Part 2 Part 2 (French Revolution World War I, pp ) The Age of Montesquieu ( ) The Age of Rousseau ( ) The Age of Voltaire ( ) Long term causes Short term causes

2 National Assembly ( ) Age of Montesquieu Legislative Assembly ( ) National Convention ( ) Age of Rousseau Thermidorian Reaction ( ) The Directory ( )

3 French Social Classes in the Revolution & Empire: (study these) Napoleonic Era ( ) Age of Voltaire Empire Period ( ) Congress of Vienna ( ) Balance of Power: (2 nd Hundred Years War)

4 Industrial Revolution o Roots of the Industrial Revolution o Proto-industrialization (cottage industry) o Reasons favorable to England o Transportation Revolution o Continental Europe Industrializes after 1815 o Social Implications from Industrial Revolution

5 o Working class injustices, gender exploitation, standard of living issues 19 th Century Politics: The Age of Metternich ( ) The Age of Realpolitik ( ) The Age of Mass Politics ( ) Congress of Vienna ( ) Concert of Europe Conservatism

6 Post-war conservative repression ( ) France: King Louis XVIII Russia: Decemberist Uprising, 1825 Liberalism o Definition: o Classical Liberalism o Liberalism in Economics Utilitarianism

7 Nationalism National revolutionary movements: Revolutions of 1830 o France: July Revolution (1830) o Italy ( ) o Germany ( ) o Prussia o Belgium o Poland

8 Reform in England Labor Reform Revolutions of 1848 France o February Revolution o June Days Revolution o Election of 1848

9 o Italy o Austria o German States o Frankfurt Parliament Socialism o Early French Socialists

10 o Scientific Socialism or Marxism Romanticism ( ) Romanticism Enlightenment o Forerunners of romanticism o Romantic Poetry o Romantic Literature

11 o Romantic Art o Music Urbanization in the Late 19 th Century o Second Industrial Revolution: last half of 19 th Century Urbanization o Public Health Movement o Urban planning & public transportation o Changes in social structure as a result of industrial revolution

12 Life at the fin-de-siecle (end of the century) o Belle Epoque The Bacterial Revolution Charles Darwin Sigmund Freud The New Physics Realism

13 Impressionism Post-Impressionism THE AGE OF REALPOLITIK ( ) o Characteristics o Crimean War ( ) o Second French Republic o The Second Empire (or Liberal Empire)

14 o Italian Unification Count Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi o German Unification Otto von Bismarck Bismarck s Wars of Unification o Austro-Hungarian Empire: Ausgleich (1867)

15 THE AGE OF MASS POLITICS ( ) o The German Empire ( ) Kaiser Wilhelm I Bismarck as Chancellor Wilhelm II o Third French Republic Dreyfus Affair o Great Britain

16 Reforms under Prime Minister Gladstone Reform groups in the 1880s and 1890s seeking extension of Democracy o Women s Suffrage Movement in England o The Irish Question o Austria-Hungary o The Eastern-Question Pan-Slavism Congress of Berlin ( )

17 o Socialist Movements Revisionism Socialist impact on politics in late-19 th and early-20 th centuries o Russia Alexander II Emancipation Act ( ) Industrialization of Russia Critics of Alexander II late in his reign

18 o Alexander III o Nicholas II Russo-Japanese War ( ) Revolution of th Century Political Study Guide (By Periods), pp o STUDY THESE TABLES! THEY ARE INCREDIBLY USEFUL! IMPERIALISM o Definition o Old Imperialism China Egypt

19 New Imperialism began in the 1870s o Major causes Scramble for Africa (details by country) New Imperialism in Asia o Responses to Western Imperialism of Asia Japan

20 WORLD WAR I Long-term causes o Rival Alliances o Anglo-German Arms Race o Imperialism and increased tensions o Nationalism created a powder keg in the Balkans Immediate causes of World War I Two opposing alliances

21 Eastern Front Total War Diplomacy during the War End of War ( ) Paris Peace Conference, 1919 o Big Four o Versailles Treaty, 1919

22 Results of WWI RUSSIAN REVOLUTION o Nicholas II o Birth of Socialism in Russia Mensheviks Bolsheviks February Revolution (additional details)

23 October Revolution (additional details) Russian Civil War o Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. Whites (counter-revolutionaries) o War communism

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