Resources for Navigating Successes, Failures, & Consequences

Transcription

1 Researching Debate & Diplomacy: Resources for Navigating Successes, Failures, & Consequences History Your Library 11/10/10 Jennifer Hootman Minitex Reference Services Coordinator hootm001@umn.edu

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3 mnknows.org

4 ELM Resources for Research: 6-12 Content Reference, Multimedia, Periodical, & Digital Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition & Academic Edition Student Resources In Context Student Research Center Academic Search Premier Expanded Academic ASAP MasterFILE Premier ProQuest Newsstand Complete Historical Minneapolis Tribune OAIster

5 Questions that Lead to Resource Selection The Debate or Diplomacy What was the debate or diplomatic policy? What were arguments for and against? When was it adopted? Who was involved who was/were the individual(s) responsible? From what previous ideas, actions, developments, and/or laws did the debate or diplomatic policy originate? To what was it responding? What was the debate s or diplomatic i policy s purpose? How was the debate or diplomatic policy received? What was/were the immediate impact/consequences?

6 Questions that Lead to Resource Selection The Historical Context Exploring why? and so what? Why was the debate or diplomatic policy significant, and what was its legacy? Why did the debate or diplomatic policy happen when and where it did? What were the economic, political, social, cultural, religious, or other circumstances prior to the debate or diplomatic policy that caused or contributed to it s development?

7 Questions that Lead to Resource Selection The Impact How did people react initially, in the short term, and over the longer term, to the debate or diplomatic policy Short Term impact Long Term change over time brought about by the debate or diplomatic policy What were the personal ramifications for the individual or group responsible? Were any results rejected or accepted? Did the debate or diplomatic policy influence people locally, or did its influences extend nationally or internationally, and in what ways did the influences appear? H th d b t di l ti li b l t d d h d Has the debate or diplomatic policy been supplanted, reversed, or changed in any way by other later debates or diplomatic policies?

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9 The Debate or Diplomacy Getting Started Questions Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition: High School & Academic What were arguments for and Images, Videos, Articles, Timelines, against? Maps, Audio Files, Best Web Sites When was it adopted? Student Resources In Context Who was involved who was/were Topic/Event Overviews, Images, the individual(s) responsible? Broadcast Transcripts Academic Search Premier Articles Expanded Academic ASAP Articles What was the debate or diplomatic policy? From what previous ideas, actions, developments, and/or laws did the debate or diplomatic policy originate? To what was it responding? What was the debate s or diplomatic policy s purpose? How was the debate or diplomatic policy received? What was/were the immediate impact/consequences?

10 the strenuous life Roosevelt believed that nations, like individuals, should pursue the strenuous life and do their part to maintain peace and order, and he believed that civilized nations had a responsibility for stewardship of barbarous ones. He knew that taking on the Philippine Islands as an American colony after the Spanish-American War had ended America s isolation from international power politics a development that he welcomed. Every year he asked for bigger appropriations for the army and navy. Congress cut back on his requests, but by the end of his presidency he had built the U.S. Navy into a major force at sea and reorganized the army along efficient, modern lines.

11 "Speak softly and carry a big stick you will go far." Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, December 6, It is not true that the United States feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other nations of the Western Hemisphere save such as are for their welfare. All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power. If every country washed by the Caribbean Sea would show the progress in stable and just civilization which with the aid of the Platt amendment Cuba has shown since our troops left the island, and which so many of the republics in both Americas are constantly and brilliantly showing, all question of interference by this Nation with their affairs would be at an end. Our interests and those of our southern neighbors are in reality identical. They have great natural riches, and if within their borders the reign of law and justice obtains, prosperity is sure to come to them. While they thus obey the primary laws of civilized society they may rest assured that they will be treated by us in a spirit of cordial and helpful sympathy. We would interfere with them only in the last resort, and then only if it became evident that their inability or unwillingness to do justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or had invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations. It is a mere truism to say that every nation, whether in America or anywhere else, which desires to maintain its freedom, its independence, must ultimately realize that the right of such independence can not be separated from the responsibility of making good use of it. In asserting the Monroe Doctrine, in taking such steps as we have taken in regard to Cuba, Venezuela, and Panama, and in endeavoring to circumscribe the theater of war in the Far East, and to secure the open door in China, we have acted in our own interest as well as in the interest of humanity at large. There are, however, cases in which, while our own interests are not greatly involved, strong appeal is made to our sympathies.... But in extreme cases action may be justifiable and proper. What form the action shall take must depend upon the circumstances of the case; that is, Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power. upon the degree of the atrocity and upon our power to remedy it. The cases in which h we could interfere by force of arms as we interfered to put a stop to intolerable conditions in Cuba are necessarily very few.

12 sphere of influence The Roosevelt Corollary was needed to prevent a situation similar to the 1902/03 Venezuela Crisis from occurring again.

13 The Historical Context Getting Started Questions Encyclopedia Britannica Online Exploring why? and so what? School Edition: Why was the debate or diplomatic High School & Academic policy significant, and what was its Images, Videos, Articles, Timelines, legacy? Maps, Audio Files, Best Web Sites Why did the debate or diplomatic Student Resources In Context policy happen when and where it did? Topic/Event Overviews, Images, Broadcast Transcripts What were the economic, political, social, cultural, religious, or other Academic Search Premier circumstances prior to the debate or Articles diplomatic policy that caused or contributed to it s development? Historical Minneapolis Tribune Historical i articles local lperspective

14 dangerous to our peace and safety" The Monroe Doctrine, 1823 With the movements in this hemisphere we are of necessity more immediately connected, and by causes which must be obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. The political system of the allied powers is essentially different in this respect from that of America. This difference proceeds from that which exists in their respective governments; and to the defense of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so much blood and treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the governments who have declared their independence and maintained it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. In the war between those new governments and Spain we declared our neutrality at the time of their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall occur which, in the judgment of the competent authorities of this government, shall make a corresponding change on the part of the United States indispensable to their security. Our policy in regard to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to consider the government de facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims of every power, submitting to injuries from none. But in regard to those continents, circumstances are eminently and conspicuously different. It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.

15 TR s Rough Riders America s Ten Week War"

16 Video: Destruction of The Maine Image: US Troops

17 Popular Magazine Articles Building of Panama Canal Scholarly Articles Occupation of Philippines i

18 i i l i l Historical News Articles Historical Minneapolis Tribune What of Puerto Rico

19 The Impact Getting Started Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition: High School & Academic Images, Videos, Articles, Timelines, Maps, Audio Files, Best Web Sites Questions How did people react initially, in the short term, and over the longer term, to the debate or diplomatic policy Short Term impact Long Term change over time brought about by the debate or diplomatic policy Images Videos Articles Timelines Long Term change over time brought What were the personal ramifications for the individual or group responsible? Topic/Event Overviews, Images, Broadcast Transcripts Were any results rejected or accepted? Student Resources In Context Academic Search Premier Articles MasterFILE Premier Articles Did the debate or diplomatic policy influence people locally, or did its influences extend nationally or internationally, and in what ways did the influences appear? Has the debate or diplomatic policy been supplanted, reversed, or changed in any way by other later debates or diplomatic policies?

20 Dollar Diplomacy"

21 Gunboat Diplomacy"

22 Today

23 Questions & Comments Thank You!