Empire and Expansion. Chapter 27

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1 Empire and Expansion Chapter 27

2 Imperialism Stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations. The late 1800s marked the peak of European imperialism, with much of Africa and Asia under foreign domination.

3 Factors of Imperialism Economic Industry increased the need for natural resources Commerce New markets & expansion of trade into Asia & Latin America. Nationalism Result was competition for large empires Military Refueling and resupply bases around the world Humanitarian Desire/duty to spread civilization to other countries

4

5 US Imperialism Markets Power Labor & Ag Unrest Yellow Press Missionaries Survival of the Fittest (manifest destiny) Naval Strength Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History

6 Manifestation Big Sister Trade into Asia & Latin America Keep up with Europe Distant and minor disputes Great Rapprochement Great Britain & USA Venezuela Hawaii Pearl Harbor McKinley Tariff Liliuokalani President Cleveland

7 Big Stick Policy Roosevelt s Corollary Speak softly and carry a big stick Ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force U.S. would act as international policemen. Addition to the Monroe Doctrine

8 Big Stick Policy: Speak softly and carry a big stick. Also referred to as Roosevelt s Corollary

9 Roosevelt s Great White Fleet

10 Spanish-American War Spanish brutality towards Cubans The Butcher---Valeriano Weyler Yellow Journalism USS Maine American public blamed Spain

11 Spain controlled Cuba since 1500 s. Cuban people were fighting a revolution against Spanish brutality Cubans wanted their independence from Spain 90 miles from U.S. Protect our trade

12 American citizens threatened by revolution in Cuba. Pres. McKinley sent USS Maine to rescue US citizens.

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14 Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst Both imperialists and wanted war with Spain. Their Yellow Press propaganda led Americans to support war with Spain.

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16 Spanish-American War Congress recognized Cuban independence & authorized force against Spain. Teller Amendment Help Cuba gains its independence Would not seek any land gains from Cuba. War is declared April 17, 1898 A Splendid Little War May 1, 1898 The United States launched a surprise attack in Manila Bay and destroyed Spain s entire Pacific fleet in seven hours.

17 Spanish-American War July 1 Roosevelt led the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill. July 3 The United States Navy sank the remaining Spanish ships.

18 Dewey Captures Manila!

19 Captured San Juan Hill which led to the end of the war once Santiago was surrendered by the Spanish. Became a hero of the Spanish American War.

20 The Treaty of Paris Spain recognized Cuba Military government to protect American business interests Spain gave up the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico to the US in return for $20 million. Puerto Rico strategic post in Caribbean 1900 Foraker Act sets up civil government 1917 U.S. citizens

21 Treaty of Paris Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900 Remove troops w/ inclusion of Platt Amendment U.S. naval bases on the island Intervention whenever necessary

22 Phillipines What to do? Anarchy/domination Acquire & give independence later National identity For Patriotism/Civilize/Profit Against (Anti-Imperialist League) Violate principles Costly Cauldron of Asia

23 Filipino Revolution Emilio Aguinaldo Nationalists & U.S. troops adopted guerilla tactics "reconcentration camps" U.S. troops declared entire areas battle zones No distinctions made between combatants and civilians 4,200 American and 16,000 Filipino soldiers killed US captured Aguinaldo in March 1901 pledged allegiance to USA

24 Filipino Revolutionists Emilio Agunialdo

25

26 China Open Door Policy ( ) Secretary of State John Hay Europe respect China & for trade rights

27 Spheres of influence Areas in a country where a foreign nation claims sole rights to trade and invest.

28 China Boxer Rebellion Rebellion to rid China of foreigners Fists of Righteous Harmony "Boxers" because they practiced martial arts. Believed had magical power foreign bullets could not harm them Defeated the multi-national force Chinese pay $333 million to Europe for damages & expand their trade

29 Russia & Japan TR mediator between the two warring nations Concerned about US self interest: Japanese expansion Open Door Policy Philippines Wins the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 Enemies Russia robbed Japan felt cheated

30 Foreign Policy With Japan TR wanted to prevent war Two diplomatic agreements Gentlemen s Agreement: 1907 San Francisco elementary schools Discrimination and segregation would stop Japan stop the flow of Japanese immigrants Root-Takahira Agreement: 1908 Maintain the status quo in the Pacific Defend the Open Door policy Develop their commerce in East Asia Respect each other's Asian possessions

31 Panama Canal Negotiations with Columbia failed Panamanian Revolution US recognizes Panama Hay-Bunau- Varilla Treaty Paid $10 million for the canal zone. $250,000 yearly rental Panama would regain the zone Jan. 1, 2000, $400 million to build Began 1904 & completed by 1914 Dr. Walter Reed - yellow fever

32 quick access to Atlantic & Pacific military protection of territories trade & economic value would increase

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