History (CRN# 42473) Readings Seminar: 20th Century China. Spring 2009

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1 History (CRN# 42473) Readings Seminar: 20th Century China Spring 2009 Instructor: Edward A. McCord Office hours: M 4:00-5:00 pm W 2:00-3:00 pm Classroom: 328 Philips Office: Suite 503, 1957 E. St. Class period: M 5:10-7:00 pm Phone: mccord@gwu.edu This course is a graduate reading seminar focusing on the history of modern China from the 1911 Revolution through the Cultural Revolution. The course is organized around a number of inter-related goals: First, to gain familiarity with major English-language scholarly works on the history of China in the twentieth century. Second, to understand the key historical issues and debates surrounding this period of Chinese history as informed by these works Third, to recognize the extent to which issues and problems in China today are related to its historical experience Fourth, to develop a greater and more general appreciation for the complexity and meaning of history Fifth, to develop oral and written analytical skills through the practice of historical argumentation Course Requirements Include: 1. Participation (20% of grade), including: a. Preparation of all weekly reading assignments and informed participation in class discussions. b. Leading one or more class discussions. Those whose turn it is to lead a discussion should prepare a list of discussion questions to be distributed at the beginning of the class (or in advance, by , if possible). c. Completion of online course evaluation at the end of the term 2. Three analytical papers (20% each). Papers should engage a specific debatable issue raised by class discussions or readings (in one or more classes), and include a critical analysis of relevant course readings. Papers are due on February 23, March 30, and May 4. Some flexibility on these dates may be possible with advance permission from the instructor. Each paper should be about 10 pages long (double-spaced with sensible fonts and margins). One rewrite will permitted for the first two papers. Absence from more than one class must be made up by an additional paper discussing an issue or issues raised by the readings for the missed class. 3. Final project (20%). The nature of the project will be determined by the individual student s degree program or academic objectives. (Examples of projects might be a critical bibliographic review, a policy briefing on the historical background of some contemporary issue, or mock-up of a museum exhibition on some historical issue). 1

2 Discussions will be based on the works listed as "Discussion Readings." Specific sections to be read are noted at the end of each citation. It is, however, always advisable to skim each work in its entirety to understand the author s overall organization and the structure of his/her argument. All Discussion Readings books have been placed on reserve at the Reserve Desk on the first floor of the Gelman Library (call numbers are provided). All these materials have been placed on two-hour/over-night reserve. Some books assigned for specific sessions in this course are available for purchase but are not available in the University bookstore. Assigned articles from periodicals or journals can be found in the stacks of the periodical section of the Gelman Library (3rd floor) and may not be checked out of the library. Some journals may only be available in the Global Resource Center, and may only be used in the Center itself (7th floor of Gelman). A few chapters are also available for check-out in the hall-way outside the history department office on the third floor of Phillips Hall. Check-out of these articles is based on an honor system--so please be responsible Online access to materials: Some of the assigned journal articles are available through the JSTOR database (accessed through the Gelman Library). Whenever possible, articles not available through JSTOR have been placed on this course s Blackboard site. Selections from each book reading (usually the Introduction, Conclusion, or an important chapter) are also available on the Blackboard site. Not all readings are included on Blackboard, however, because copyright restrictions do not allow placing more than one article from any one journal volume or more than one chapter from any one book online. The location of each assigned reading is noted with the following designations: GLR = Gelman Library Reserves 1 st floor GLP = Gelman Library Periodicals 3rd floor GRC = Global Resource Center HD = history department ER Blackboard JSTOR = Available on JSTOR database Depending on your background in Chinese history, you may want to review the period under discussion in more detailed standard textbooks as the class proceeds. Several good texts for this purpose would be: Immanuel C.Y Hsu, The Rise of Modern China (Oxford University Press, any edition) This is probably the most detailed and useful English language text for general reference. Jonathan D. Spence, The Search for Modern China (W.W. Norton). Popular but less complete John K. Fairbank, China: A New History (Harvard University Press). I support the GW Code of Academic Integrity. It states: Academic dishonesty is defined as cheating of any kind, including misrepresenting one's own work, taking credit for the work of others without crediting them and without appropriate authorization, and the fabrication of information. For the remainder of the code, see: Class Schedule: 2

3 1) Jan. 12 INTRODUCTION TO CLASS (Jan. 19 Martin Luther King Holiday) 2) Jan. 26 THE 1911 REVOLUTION Winston Hsieh, Chinese Historiography on the Revolution of 1911: A Critical Survey and a Selected Bibliography (Hoover Institution, 1975), pp. 3-14, GLR: DS 773.H7; copy also in GRC ER: Introduction [pp. 3-14] Marie-Claire Bergere, Sun Yat-sen (Stanford University Press, 1998), pp. 1-8, GLR: DS777.B ER: Ch. 5 [pp ] Joseph Esherick, Reform and Revolution in China: the 1911 Revolution in Hunan and Hubei (Univ. of California Press, 1976), pp. 1-13, , , GLR: DS 773.E83 ER: Ch. 3 [pp ] Chuzo Ichiko, The Role of the Gentry: An Hypothesis. In Mary C. Wright, ed., China in Revolution: The First Phase, (Yale Univ. Press, 1968), pp GLR: DS 773.C5145 ER: entire [pp ] Edmund S. K. Fung, "Military Subversion in the Chinese Revolution of In Modern Asian Studies, vol. 9, no. 1 (1975), pp GLP; JSTOR 3) Feb. 2 THE YUAN SHIKAI PRESIDENCY Stephen MacKinnon, "The Peiyang Army, Yuan Shih-k'ai, and the Origins of Modern Chinese Warlordism. In Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 32 (May 1973), pp GLP; JSTOR Ernest P. Young, "Yuan Shik-k'ai's Rise to the Presidency. In Mary Wright, ed., China in Revolution: The First Phase, (Yale Univ. Press, 1968), pp GLR: DS 773.C5145; copy also in HD Jerome Ch'en, Yuan Shih-kai (2nd edition; Stanford Univ. Press, 1972), pp GLR: DS C ER: Ch. 12 [pp ] Ernest P. Young, The Presidency of Yuan Shih-k'ai: Liberalism and Dictatorship in Early Republican China (Univ. of Michigan Press, 1977), pp. 1-4, GLR: DS V ER: Ch. 9 [pp ] Ernest P. Young, "The Hung-hsien Emperor as a Modernizing Conservative. In Charlotte Furth, ed., The Limits of Change: Essays on Alternatives in Republican China (Harvard Univ. Press, 1976), pp GLR: DS 721.L565 ER: entire [pp ] 3

4 4) Feb. 9 WARLORDISM James Sheridan, Chinese Warlord: The Career of Feng Yu-hsiang (Stanford Univ. Press, 1966), pp GLR: DS 778.F45 S45 ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 1-30] Edward A. McCord, The Power of the Gun: The Emergence of Modern Chinese Warlordism (Univ. of California Press, 1993), pp. 1-15, , Ch. introductions and conclusions. GLR: DS M ER: Intro. & Concl. [pp & ]; Online: Edward A. McCord, "Civil War and the Emergence of Warlordism in Early Twentieth Century China, In War and Society, vol. 10, no. 2 (Oct. 1992), pp ER: entire [pp ] Hsi-sheng Ch'i, Warlord Politics in China, (Stanford Univ. Press, 1976), pp. 1-76, GLR: DS C54 ER: Ch. 9 [pp ] Shelley Yomano, "Reintegration in China under the Warlords, In Republican China, vol. 12, no. 2 (April 1987), pp GLP; ER: entire [pp ] Odoric Wou, Militarism in Modern China: The Career of Wu Peifu, (Australian National Univ. Press, 1978), pp , , GLR: DS 778.W77 W ER: Ch. 7 [pp ] (Feb. 16 President s Day Holiday) 5) Feb. 23 THE MAY FOURTH MOVEMENT First Paper Due Tse-tung Chow, The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual Revolution in Modern China (Stanford Univ. Press, 1960), pp , , GLR: DS 775.C ER: Ch. 14 [pp ] Vera Schwarcz, The Chinese Enlightenment: Intellectuals and the Legacy of the May Fourth Movement of 1919 (Univ. of California Press, 1986), pp , GLR: DS S ER: Intro. and Concl. [pp. 1-11, ] Jeffrey Wasserstrom, Student Protests in Twentieth Century China: The View from Shanghai (Stanford Univ. Press, 1991), pp. 1-23, GLR: LA 1134.S4 W ER: Intro. and Ch. 3 [pp. 1-23, 72-94] 6) Mar. 2 THE RISE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY 4

5 Benjamin Schwartz, Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao (Harvard Univ. Press, 1951), entire book. GLR: DS 774.S ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 7-27] Arif Dirlik, The Origins of Chinese Communism (Oxford Univ. Press, 1989), vii-59, , , GLR: HX D ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 3-15] Hans van de Ven, From Friend to Comrade: The Founding of the Chinese Communist Party, (Univ. of California Press, 1991), pp. 1-15, 35-69, 80-90, , , , GLR: JQ 1519.A5 V ER: Ch. 6 [pp ] 7) Mar. 9 THE NATIONALIST REVOLUTION Bruce A. Elleman, "Soviet Diplomacy and the First United Front in China. Modern China, vol. 21, no. 4 (October 1995), pp GRC; JSTOR Donald Jordan, The Northern Expedition: China's National Revolution of (Univ. of Hawaii Press, 1976), pp. ix-68, , , GLR: DS J6 ER: Concl. [pp ] Robert E. Bedeski, State-Building in Modern China: The Kuomintang in the Prewar Period (Institute of East Asian Studies, Univ. of California, Berkeley, 1981), pp. vii-49. GLR: DS B38 ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 1-21] John Fitzgerald, "Did the National Revolution Succeed or Fail: A Point of Difference in Chinese and Western Perspectives on Republican Chinese History. In Republican China, vol. 14, no. 1 (November 1988), pp GLP; ER: entire [pp ] John Fitzgerald, Awakening China: Politics, Culture and Class in the Nationalist Revolution (Stanford University Press, 1996), pp. 1-22, GLR: DS F ER: Ch. 7 & Concl, [pp ] (Mar. 16 (Spring Break No Class) 8) Mar. 23 NATIONALIST GOVERNMENT IN THE NANJING DECADE Hung-mao Tien, Government and Politics in Kuomintang China, (Stanford Univ. Press, 1972), pp. 1-95, GLR: JQ T ER: Ch. 2 & Concl. [pp & ] Lloyd Eastman, The Abortive Revolution: China under Nationalist Rule, (Harvard Univ. Press, 1974, 1990), pp. vii-xiv, 1-30, ,

6 GLR: DS E ER: Ch. 7 [pp ] Robert E. Bedeski, State-Building in Modern China: The Kuomintang in the Prewar Period (Institute of East Asian Studies, Univ. of California, Berkeley, 1981), pp , , GLR: DS B38 Julia C. Strauss, Strong Institutions in Weak Polities: State Building in Republican China, (Clarendon Press, 1998), pp. 1-11, , GLR: JQ 1510.S ER: Intro. & Ch. 7 [pp & ] 9) Mar. 30 SOCIAL FORCES AND POLITICS IN REPUBLICAN CHINA Second Paper Due Lloyd Eastman, "New Insights into the Nature of the Nationalist Regime. with responses by Joseph Fewsmith and Bradley Geishart, in Republican China, vol. 9, no. 2 (February 1984), pp GLP; ER: entire [pp. 8-39] Parks Coble, Jr., "The Kuomintang Regime and the Shanghai Capitalists, In China Quarterly, 77 (March 1979), pp GLP; JSTOR Joseph Fewsmith, Party, State and Local Elites in Republican China: Merchant Organizations and Politics in Shanghai, (Hawaii Univ. Press, 1985), pp , GLR: DS 796.S257 F ER: Intro. & Concl. [pp 1-14 & ] Elizabeth Perry, Shanghai on Strike: The Politics of Chinese Labor (Stanford Univ. Press, 1993), pp. vii-133, GLR: HD 5430.Z9 S ER: Intro. & Concl. [pp. 1-9 & ] Jeffrey Wasserstrom, Student Protests in Twentieth Century China: The View from Shanghai (Stanford Univ. Press, 1991), pp , GLR: LA 1134.S4 W ) Apr. 6 CHINA AT WAR Lloyd Eastman, Seeds of Destruction: Nationalist China in War and Revolution, (Stanford Univ. Press, 1984), pp. 1-88, , GLR: DS E ER: Ch. 9 [pp ] Hsi-sheng Ch'i, Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, (Univ. of Michigan Press, 1982), pp , GLR: DS C ER: Ch. 4 [pp ] Edward L. Dreyer, China at War, (Longman, 1995), pp , GLR: DS D

7 ER: Selections from Ch. 7 & Conclusion [pp & ] 11) Apr. 13 THE COMMUNIST PARTY: YAN'AN AND CIVIL WAR Kathleen Hartford and Stephen M. Goldstein, "Introduction: Perspectives on the Chinese Communist Revolution. In Kathleen Hartford and Stephen M. Goldstein, eds., Single Sparks: China's Rural Revolutions (M.E. Sharpe, 1989)., pp GLR: DS S ER: entire [pp. 3-33] Chalmers Johnson, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power: The Emergence of Revolutionary China, (Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power, 1962), pp. vii-33, 69-72, 84-94, GLR: DS J58 ER: Ch. 1 [pp. 1-30] Donald Gillin, "'Peasant Nationalism' in the History of Chinese Communism. In Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 23, no. 2, (Feb. 1964), pp GLP; JSTOR K. K. Shum, "The Communist Party's Strategy for Galvanizing Popular Support, In David Pong and Edmund S. K. Fung, eds., Ideal and Reality: Social and Political Change in Modern China, (University Press of America, 1985), pp GLR: DS I Changtai Hung, War and Popular Culture: Resistance in Modern China, (Univ. of California Press, 1994), pp. 1-14, GLR: NX 583.A1 H ER: Ch. 7 [pp ] Online: 12) Apr. 20 WOMEN AND REVOLUTION IN MODERN CHINA Sally Borthwick, "Changing Concepts of the Role of Women from the Late Qing to the May Fourth Period. In David Pong and Edmund S. K. Fung, eds., Ideal and Reality: Social and Political Change in Modern China, (University Press, 1985), pp GLR: DS I Copy also in HD Christina Gilmartin, "Gender, Political Culture, and Women's Mobilization in the Chinese Nationalist Revolution, In Christina K. Gilmartin, et al., eds., Engendering China: Women, Culture and the State (Harvard Univ. Press, 1994), pp GLR: HQ 1767.E ER: entire [pp ] Kathy LeMons Walker, "The Party and Peasant Women. In Philip Huang, et. al., ed., Chinese Communists and Rural Society, (Univ. of California Press, 1978), pp GLR: HX 387.H82 ER: entire [pp ] Christina Gilmartin, "Gender in the Formation of a Communist Body Politic. In Modern China, vol. 19, no. 3 (July 1993), pp GRC; JSTOR 7

8 Judith Stacey, Patriarchy and Socialist Revolution in China (Univ. of California Press, 1983), pp GLR: HQ 684.S ER: Ch. 4 [pp ] 13) Apr. 27 COLLECTIVIZATION AND THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD Vivienne Shue, Peasant China in Transition: The Dynamics of Development toward Socialism, (Univ. of California Press, 1980), pp. 1-12, GLR: HD 2098.S ER: Intro. & Concl. [pp & ] Helen F. Siu, Agents and Victims in South China: Accomplices in Rural Revolution (Yale Univ. Press, 1989), pp. 1-14, , GLR: HN 740.Z9 E ER: Intro. [pp. 1-14] David Bachman, Bureaucracy, Economy, and Leadership in China: The Institutional Origins of the Great Leap Forward (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1991), pp. ix-xi, 1-10, GLR: JQ 1508.B ER: Concl. [pp ] 14) Apr. 29 THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION (April 30 = Designated Monday) Hong-yung Lee, The Politics of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (Univ. of California Press, 1978), pp , GLR: DS L5 ER: Intro. & Ch. 11 [pp. 1-10, ] Lynn T. White, III, Policies of Chaos: The Organizational Causes of Violence in China's Cultural Revolution (Princeton Univ. Press, 1989), pp. 3-49, GLR: DS W ER: Intro. [pp. 3-49] Elizabeth Perry and Li Xun, Proletarian Power: Shanghai in the Cultural Revolution (Westview Press, 1997), pp. 1-6, , GLR: HD 8738.P ER: Intro. and Concl. [pp. 1-6, ] May 4 Third Paper Due 8