ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2019

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1 ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2019 GENERAL STUDIES - 3 Answer Key Ans:1)(d) Explanation: The Portuguese merchants established their commercial firms in India at the ports of Calicut, Goa, Daman, Diu and Hooghly. Francisco de Almeida came to India in 1505 as the first Portuguese Viceroy and Albuquerque came to India in 1509 after him as a new Viceroy. He annexed Goa in 1510 from Bijapur ruler Adilshah. The Portuguese maintained Goa as the epicenter of their culture and entity. Ans:2)(c) Explanation: August offer marked an advance over the existing state of things by recognizing the natural right to determine the form of constitution and explicitly promised dominion status. However, it reaffirmed that full weight to minority opinion, which virtually endorsed the Muslim League s demand of separate state for Muslims on which account the congress rejected the offer. For obvious reason Muslim League welcomed the offer. Ans:3)(d) Explanation: Indian Natal Organisation was formed in 1893 by Mahatma Gandhi to infuse a strong sense of solidarity into the Indian community of Natal against the proposed bill of the Natal government to disfranchise Indians. Indian opinion was a weekly newspaper started in 1903, which became a mouthpiece of Gandhi's struggle in South Africa. Passive Resistance organisation was setup in 1907 to protest against the Asiatic Bill passed by the Transvaal legislature. It urged people to boycott permit offices. Ans:4)(a) Explanation: At the Lucknow session of the Congress in December, 1916, the extremists were welcomed back into the Congress by the Moderate president, Ambika Charan Majumdar nearly ten years after the Surat split. The Lucknow Congress was significant also for the famous Congress League Pact, popularly known as the Lucknow Pact by which Muslim League and Congress agreed to separate electorate. The Home rule league was not discontinued by Lucknow Session of Congress. The league merged into Indian National Congress in 1920, to form an united political front. Ans:5)(a) Explanation: Neel Darpan (literally, blue mirror) was written by Dinabandhu Mitra which depicted the atrocities of the indigo planters in Bengal. The play received wide attention and was translated into English by Michael Madhusudan Dutta. It succeeded in bringing the peasant issue to the wider arena of institutional politics. Ans:6)(c) Explanation: Muziris Heritage Project is the largest conservation project in the country and the first green project of the Kerala Government. It is located on the West coast of India. Muziris, after which this project is named, at the height of its glory, was an active port, trading everything from precious stones to spices. Muziris was the doorway for cultures, religions and races into India. It was frequented by large ships of ocean traders from across the world, including Arabs, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans and Chinese. Ans:7)(c) Explanation: Tilak promoted the Home Rule campaign with a tour of Maharashtra and popularized the demand for home rule. He also linked up the question of swaraj with the demand for the formation of linguistic states and education in the vernacular. There was no trace of religious appeal; the demand for Home Rule was made on a wholly secular basis. Celebration of religious festivals like Ganpati and Shivaji was used by Tilak for mass mobilization during Swadeshi Movement. Ans:8)(d) Explanation: Wavell Plan was proposed to reconstruct the governor general's executive council pending the preparation of a new constitution. The main proposals were 1. With the exception of the governor-general and the commander-in-chief, all members of the executive council were to be Indians. 2. Hindus and Muslims were to have equal representation. 1

2 3. The reconstructed council was to function as an interim government within the framework of 1935 Act 4. Governor General was to exercise his veto on the advice of ministers. 5. Representatives of different parties were to submit a joint list to the viceroy for nominations to the executive council. If a joint list was not possible the separate lists were to be submitted. 6. Possibilities were to be kept open for negotiations on a new constitution once that war was finally won Ans:9)(a) Explanation: The term 'Himalayan Blunder' was used in the context of Rowlatt Act. By mid-april the Rowlatt Satyagraha had started losing momentum, forcing Gandhi to withdraw it. As a political campaign, therefore, it was a manifest failure, since it failed to secure its only aim, i.e., the repeal of the Rowlatt Act. It also lapsed into violence, although it was meant to be non-violent. Gandhi admitted to have committed a Himalayan blunder by offering the weapon of satyagraha to a people insufficiently trained in the discipline of non-violence. Ans:10)(a) Explanation: The failure of 'Cripps Mission' to solve the deadlock exposed British's unchanged attitude on constitutional advance and made it clear that any more silence would be tantamount to accepting the British right to decide the fate of Indians. Failure of August Offer led to launching of Individual Satyagraha. Ans:11)(c) Explanation: The plans of political action outlined by Lala Hardayal for Ghadar Party were based on the understanding that British rule could only be overthrown by armed revolt and for this to happen it was necessary that Indian immigrants go to India in large numbers and carry this massage to the masses and the soldiers of the Indian army. The Defence of India Act was passed by British primarily to smash the Ghadar movement. Ans:12)(b) Explanation: In Tamil Nadu Salt March from Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam was led by Rajagopalachari. The other two statements are correct. Also, the Dharasana salt work was led by Sarojini Naidu along with Abul Kalam Azad. 2 Ans:13)(b) Explanation: Satyagraha Sabha was established by Mahatma Gandhi during Rowlatt Satyagraha. He toured the country to educate the people in the implications of the Satyagraha pledge and founded a new organization, the Satyagraha Sabha. Ans:14)(d) Explanation: The Nehru Report confined itself to British India, as it envisaged the future link-up of British India with the Princely States on a federal basis. The main points of the Nehru report were as follows: India would be given Dominion status. This means independence within the British Commonwealth. India will be a federation which shall have a bicameral legislature at the centre and Ministry would be responsible to the legislature. Governor General of India would be the constitutional head of India and will have the same powers as that of British Crown. There will be no separate electorate. The draft report also defined the citizenship and fundamental rights including right to form unions and universal adult suffrage. Complete dissociation of state from religion. Ans:15)(d) Explanation: All these cases are related to Communist movement in India. Peshawar Conspiracy case ( ) is related to the Muslims taking interest in the Communist revolution of Russia. Many Muslims from Peshawar went to Moscow and started getting training related to Military and Communist regimes. Kanpur Conspiracy Case (1924) was also against the communists which were abhorred by the British Government. Some newly turned communists named M N Roy, Muzaffar Ahamed, S A Dange, Shaukat Usmani, Nalini Gupta, Singaravelu Chettiar, Ghulam Hussain were caught by the Government and were tried for conspiring against the Government. Meerut Conspiracy Case ( ) - It continued for over three and a half years and attracted worldwide publicity. It resulted in conviction of Muzaffar Ahmed, Dange, Joglekar, Spratt, Bradley, Usmani and others. Ans:16)(a) Explanation: 1938 (Haripura Session) - National Planning Committee was set up under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru. 1955(Avadi Session) - Through the Avadi Resolution, a socialistic pattern of development was adopted as the goal of the party.

3 1939 (Tripuri Session) - In the presidential elections of Congress, Netaji defeated Sitaramayya Ans:17)(a) Explanation: In 1929, the Khudai Khidmatgars ( Servants of God ) movement, led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, was started to oppose the British in India s Northwest Frontier Province non-violently. Ghaffar Khan and the Khudai Khidmatgar movement inspired thousands of Pashtuns (also called Pathans), who were known as fierce warriors, and others to lay down their arms and use civil resistance to challenge British rule. Quit India movement was launched in Ans:18)(c) Explanation: Both the statements regarding Swaraj Party are correct. Gandhiji brought the strife between the Swarajists and no-changers to an end, by signing a joint statement with C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru that the Swarajist Party would carry on work in the legislatures on behalf of the Congress and as an integral part of the Congress. This decision was endorsed in December at the Belgaum session of the Congress over which Gandhiji presided. He also gave the Swarajists a majority of seats on his Working Committee. In the Central Legislative Assembly, the Swarajists succeeded in building a common political front with the Independents led by M.A. Jinnah, the Liberals, and individuals such as Madan Mohan Malaviya. They built similar coalitions in most of the provinces. And they set out to inflict defeat after defeat on the Government. Ans:19)(a) Explanation: Bengalee was published in 1862 from Calcutta by Girishchandra Ghosh, taken over by Surendranath Banerjea in The Al-Hilal was a weekly Urdu language newspaper established by the Indian leader Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and used as a medium for criticism of the British Raj in India. The first issue came out on 13 July Jugantar Patrika was a Bengali revolutionary newspaper founded in 1906 in Calcutta by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Abhinash Bhattacharya and Bhupendranath Dutt. Ans:20)(b) Explanation: Dr. Ambedkar thought that separate electorate might help in empowerment of lower classes. But according to Gandhiji, this might have created a permanent chasm between upper classes and 3 lower classes. So Gandhiji opposed this idea of separate electorate and in opposition of the communal award he started fast unto death which forced Ambedkar to sign Poona Pact with him and let go his demand of separate electorate, paving way for unstead, reservation of seats for the Depressed Classes in general constituencies. Dr. Ambedkar was not opposed to partition. Ambedkar, in his treatise Thoughts on Pakistan (1941), held that a Pakistan with peaceful transfer of population is desirable for a strong India with national feeling. Ans:21)(d) Explanation: In Lahore session of congress 1929 complete independence was declared as the goal of congress and CWC were authorised to launch civil disobedience movement to achieve this. Also decision to boycott first RTC was also taken. Ans:22)(d) Explanation: The initiative to organise peasants into Kisan Sabhas was taken by the active members of Home Rule League in UP Gauri Shankar Misra, Indra Narain Dwivedi supported by Madan Mohan Malviya. Here, both high and low caste kisans were found in the kisan sabha. In the mid-1920, Baba Ramchandra emerged as the leader of peasants in Avadh and led a few hundred tenants from Jaunpur and Pratapgarh districts to Allahabad and apprised Jawaharlal Nehru of the conditions of the peasants. Ans:23)(a) Explanation: The main proposals of Wavell plan: Except Governor general and commander in chief all other members of the executive council were to be Indians. Hindus and Muslims were to have equal representation The reconstructed council were to be function under 1935 act. Governor general was to exercise his veto on the advice of minister Possibilities were to be kept open for negotiation on a new constitution once the war was own. However, the plan was rejected by both Muslim league and Congress. Muslim league was of fear that it will reduce to minority status in the council because of common interest of other minorities with congress, while congress rejected it as the plan put the congress in pure Hindu image.

4 Ans:24)(a) Explanation: The first European power to occupy Pondicherry and to exert power in India was the Portuguese. Dutch were the second European power to occupy Pondicherry. The Britishers also occupied Pondicherry in 1793 but handed it over to France in 1814 under Treaty of Paris. Ans:25)(d) Explanation: The Congress in her Faizpur session had resolved to adopt an agrarian program. Major features are- 50% rent reduction in rent and revenue, exemption of uneconomic holdings from rent and land tax, taxation on agricultural income, abolition of feudal levies and forced labour, cooperative farming, wiping out arrears of rent, modification of ejectment laws and recognition of peasant unions etc. It was silent on the issue of abolition of Zamindari and Taluqdari systems and was criticized by kisan leaders for the same. Ans:26)(b) Explanation: The Tanzeem and Tabligh movements were started among Muslims in different parts of the countries in one form or the other. These were the counterparts of Sangathan and Shuddhi movements pioneered by Arya Samajis among the Hindus. These movements aimed to enhance the communalization among the Muslim population and give way to religious Conversion. Ans:27)(b) Explanation: This Act also made provisions to grant permission to the persons who wished to go to India for promoting moral and religious improvements. (Christian Missionaries). It was during Lord Dalhousie's time that Gurkha regiments came into force. The Postal system was improved and all important towns were linked by the Telegraph lines. The important reform during this period was Wood s Dispatch of Laying of first railway line between Bombay and thane. The setting up of a separate public works department for the first time. Ans:30)(a) Explanation: Danish colonies in India included the towns of Tranquebar (Tamil Nadu) Serampore (West Bengal) and the Nicobar Islands. The Dutch, during their stay in India, tried their hands on the minting of coinages. As their trade flourished they established mints at Cochin, Masulipattam, Nagapatam Pondicherry and Pulicat. Portuguese hold over the coastal areas and superiority in naval power helped them significantly. By the end of the 16th century, the Portuguese captured not only Goa, Daman, Diu, and Salsette but also a vast stretches along the Indian coast. The French establishments included Pondicherry, Karikal and Yanaon on the Coromandel Coast, Mahe on the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal. Ans:31)(a) Explanation: Haider ali was not responsible for these types of changes in the state of Mysore. Introduction of a new calender, new system of coinage and new scales of weight and measures were done by Tipu Sultan. Haider Ali established a modern arsenel at Dindigal (Tamil Nadu) with the help of french experts to prepare his army in modern way. Ans:28)(a) Explanation: Land revenue policies made land all over the country saleable, mortgageable and alienable. Cultivator was left to the status of tenant at the mercy of zamindar or government whose land could be taken away if he failed to pay revenue at time. Statement 2 is not correct because even in Mahalwari system revenue was periodically revised. Statement 3 is not correct Mahalwari system was implemented mainly in Ganga valley, north-western parts, central India and Punjab. In and around the district of Benaras, Permanent settlement was there. 4 Ans:32)(b) Explanation: He was popularly known as Periyar. He rebelled against the rules of caste purity and attacked supremacy of Brahmin. His self-respect movement sought to change the subordinate position of women in family and society. He strongly supported the right to divorce and birth control as conducive to happiness, dignity and freedom of women. He attacked the patriarchal notion of women s chastity. After his visit to Soviet Union, he gave place to Marxism in his ideas declared that the destruction of the cruelties of capitalists and religion was the correct path for the self-respect movement. Ans:33)(d) Ans:29)(d) Explanation: Home Charges refer to the Explanation: Lord Dalhousie: expenditure incurred in England by the

5 Secretary of State on behalf of India. The main constituents were: Dividend to the shareholders of the East India Company. Interest on Public Debt raised abroad. Expenses on India Office establishment in London. Pensions and furloughs payments of British officers in the Civil and Military departments in India. Payments to the British war office. Ans:34)(b) Explanation: The Russian Revolution-( ). The British army suffered major reverses in the First Afghan war ( ) and in the Crimean war ( ), which shattered the general belief in the invincibility of the British regime. Boers war-( ). Ans:35)(c) Explanation: The early moderates believed that the British Government was ignorant of Indian problems and if it would come to know them, it would take measures to remove them. They tried to enlighten British public opinion and parliament concerning Indian affairs. Quite strategically, the Congress did not demand independence in the early stages of the national movement. Under the moderates, the Indian National Congress submitted its grievances in the form of petitions before the British Government. Its early demands included: 1. Increased participation of Indians in the legislative assembly 2. Indianisation of Civil Services. 3. Providing more funds for educating Indians. 4. Reduction of military expenditure and tax burden. Ans:36)(c) Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect: Growing Anglo Russian rivalry in Europe and Asia was the major reason for the conquest of Sindh. Statement 2 is correct: The commercial possibilities of the river Sindh were an additional attraction, the roads and river of Sindh were opened to British trade by a Treaty signed in Statement 3 is correct: British fears that Russia might attack India through Afghanistan or Persia, to counter Russia British decided to increased its influence in Afghanistan and Persia and this policy could be successfully pursued if Sindh was brought under British control. Sindh was annexed in after a brief campaign by Sir Charles Napier. Ans:37)(b) Explanation: He was initiator of public agitation on political questions like separation of executive and judiciary, Indianization of government services etc. He followed and believed both in Indian philosophical systems and modern western ideas. He was a believer in monotheism and wrote "Gift to Monotheists". Although he believed in Vedas, he put rationality at a higher pedestal which could be used to critically assess the Vedas also. "Infallibility of Vedas" is attributed to Swami Dayanand Saraswati. Ans:38)(d) Explanation: Indigo planting started in Bengal as early as When the British Power expanded, the Indigo planting was emphasized because of a high demand of the Blue Dye in Europe. The peasants were compelled to plant Indigo rather than the food Crops. The peasants were provided loans called "dadon" for indigo planting which was at a very high interest rate. The loan made the people indebted and resulted in a rebellion. Indigo peasants launched revolt in Nadia district of Bengal presidency. They refused to grow Indigo. European Planters responded by increasing the rent and evicting farmers. This led to more agitations and confrontations. Later on, the revolt got support from the intelligentsia, press, missionaries and Muslims. The leaders were Digambar and Bishnu Bishwas. Also, it was a successful one. Result: Government issued a notification that the Indian farmers cannot be compelled to grow indigo and that it would ensure that all disputes were settled by legal means. Ans:39)(a) Explanation: First Maratha did not emphasise on Science and technology for the development modern weaponry. Maratha did not emphasise on the development of trade and industry. They were interested in raising revenue from the helpless peasantry and failed to give sound administration to the people. They were more focused towards waging wars and bringing more and more territories under their control. They were not concerned about consolidating their gains. It seems they lacked outlook and program necessary for founding all India empire. They had sufficient resources. They lacked wisdom to use resources in proper direction.

6 Ans:40)(c) Explanation: Under Doctrine of Lapse, when the ruler of a protected state died without natural heir, his state was not to pass to an adapted heir as sanctioned by the age-old tradition of the country. Following states were annexed under Doctrine of Lapse- Satara, Nagpur, Jhansi, Awadh, Tanjore, Carnatic, Surat etc. Ans:41)(a) Explanation: The mismanaged Finances made the company almost insolvent and the company was forced to apply to the British Government for a loan of One Million Pound Sterling. British had already got stronghold over French company after the battle of Wandiwash in Ans:42)(d) Explanation: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's agitations for legalizing widow remarriage resulted in the passage of a law in He was a secretary of Bethune Schools and was a pioneer of higher education of women. He did oppose child marriage. Ans:43)(b) Explanation: The Azamgarh Proclamation: This proclamation or manifesto was published in the Delhi Gazette on 29 September The author was most probably Firoz Shah, a grandson of the Mughal Emperor, who fought against the British in Lucknow and Awadh (Oudh). Ans:44)(a) Ans:45)(b) Explanation: ILC was merely an advisory body and its decisions were not binding on the executive. ILC had no control over budget. It had no real powers and it could not discuss any important measures including budget. Indian members in the council were rare and were nominated by the governor general. Ans:46)(c) Explanation: It recommended English as the medium of instruction for higher studies and vernaculars at primary (school) level. It laid stress on female and vocational education, and on teachers' training. It laid down that the education imparted in government institutions should be secular. Ans:47)(a) Explanation: Siraj-ud-daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, captured the Fort William from English in The British prisoners of war was led by Vasudev Balwant Phadke. 6 were lodged in a prison room in the fort. Out of the 146 white prisoners, only 23 survived the next morning when the prison room was opened, the rest having died due to suffocation. Ans:48)(b) Explanation: Orthodox section among Muslim ulemas organised the Deoband movement. It was revivalist in nature and aimed to train religious leaders for muslim community. This school shut out the English education and western culture. It did not prepare students for government jobs but for preaching of Islamic faiths. Ans:49)(c) Explanation: Only 1 is incorrect as: Jyotiba Phule stated a girl's school in Poona. Bethune school for girl's education are associated with Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. Rest all are correct. Ans:50)(a) Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. The Derozians attacked old and decadent customs, rites and traditions. They were passionate advocates of women rights and advocated education for them. Statement 2 is incorrect. One of biggest flaws of this movement was they did not take up peasant cause but there was no other section which could support their advanced ideas. They remained ideal and failed to understand the real Indian situation Ans:51)(c) Explanation: Lord Wellesley was in India from Pitts India Act was passed during time of Warren Hastings who was in India from Dalhousie was in India from and during his time Charter Act, 1853 was passed. Canning was in India from during which the Indian Councils Act, 1861 was passed Ans:52)(c) Explanation: Discrimination on the basis of caste, region and religion was practised in the recruitment to the army. Older policy of excluding Indians from the officer corps was strictly maintained. Communal, caste, tribal and regional loyalties were encouraged among soldiers Ans:53)(b) Explanation: It was a peasant revolt ( ; Maharashtra) against the British failure to take up anti-famine measures. It

7 Ans:54)(b) Explanation: Rajani Palme Dutt's authoritative work 'India Today' made the myth of the safety-valve a staple of left-wing opinion. Ans:55)(c) Explanation: Resolution on local self government was brought under Lord Ripon. Ans:56)(a) Explanation: 1. Gopal Hari Deshmukh known as "Lokahitwadi" advoacted the principle of rationalism and secularism. 2. Satya Prakash was written by Karsondas Mulji. Ans:57)(c) Explanation: Though A.O.Hume played a prominent role in establishing Indian National Congress, he never served as its president. Foreigners who served as the presidents of Congress sessions include George Yule (1888), William Weddenburn (1889, 1910), Alfred Webb (1894), Henry Cotton (1904) and Annie Besant (1917). Ans:58)(a) Explanation: The society had it s headquarter at Adyar near Madras, It was established in the year They recognised the transmigration of soul and also preached universal brotherhood. Along with advocating revival of ancient religion of Hinduism and other religions it also imparted self confidence in Indian people by proving the greatness of these religions in the past. It glorified India's past traditions. Ans:59)(b) Explanation: Among the principle sources from which the Government of India Act, 1935 drew its material were: 1. Indian Statutory Commission Report (popularly known as Simon Commission report), 2. The report of the All Parties Conference (the Nehru Report), 3. White paper issued after the discussions at the three round table conferences in 1933, which gave details of the working basis of the new constitution of India i.e. dyarchy at the Centre and responsible government. 4. The Joint select committee report and 5. The Lothian report, which determined the electoral provisions of the act. Hartog Committee prepared a report on Education. Ans:60)(c) Explanation: On July 31, 1937, Gandhi had published an article in the Harijan. Based upon this article, an all India National Education Conference was held on October 22 and 23, The conference is called Wardha Educational Conference and the president of this conference was Gandhi himself. Following Wardha conference, a committee under Dr. Zakir Hussain was appointed to formulate the scheme of the basic education. The aim of the basic education was to develop the qualities of the ideal citizenship and more aspect should be given to the Indian culture than the literacy. Also, There was no place for English in the curriculum. There was no place for religious education in this scheme. The scheme centred around 'manual productive work' which might cover the remuneration of the teachers. It envisaged a seven year course through the mother tongue of the students. This scheme was opposed by Muslim League. Ans:61)(b) Explanation: Upari was a kind of tenancy tenure held under the Maratha regime. The Upari rented some land from a village which had more than it needed. This was a contract freely entered into, where both sides stood to benefit, the village by getting help in meeting the revenue demand and the Upari by getting a piece of land to cultivate. Ans:62)(b) Explanation: Infact it was other way around. In his early years, he was an advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity. But in later years, fearing Hindu domination in national movement, he took to communalism and separatism. He did not oppose British rule and thought them to be too strong to be dislodged by uneducated Indians. He wanted Indians to focus on modern scientific education rather than politics. Ans:63)(b) Ans:64)(c) Explanation: The English army showed no military superiority in the Battle, it was desertion in the Nawab's camp that gave Clive the victory. As a consequence of the victory of battle of Plassey, even the British merchants and officials were no longer asked to pay any taxes on their private trade. 7

8 Ans:65)(c) Explanation: While import to India was free, Indian goods were charged at very high duty( like 66.5% on muslin) in Britain. Industrial Revolution in England made cost of Foreign goods cheaper. Inspite of higher prices Indian goods (specially muslin, silk etc.) were very popular in England. Ans:66)(d) Ans:67)(c) Explanation: The Bengal partition which was announced in 1905 gave birth to Swadeshi & Boycott movement which occurred during Lord Curzon's tenure. Vernacular Press Act 1878, was enacted by Lord Lytton to counter growing discontent against British Rule. First Afghan war took place in , it happened during the tenure of lord Auckland and lord ellenborough. Lytton reduced the maximum age to entry into civil services was reduced from 21 to 19. The other important events during the tenure of Lord Lytton were as follows: Royal Titles Act 1876, Delhi Darbar 1877, Great Famine of 1876, Second Anglo Afghan War , Treaty of Peshawar and Treaty of Gandamak Ans:68)(a) Explanation: In these elections Congress secured over 91% of non-muslim votes. The Muslim league secured all the reserved Muslim seats in the Central Assembly. Congress formed the Government with absolute majority in Madras, United provinces, Bihar, Orissa and Central Provinces. In Punjab it made a coalition Government with Akalis and Unionists. Muslim League was in majority in Sind and Bengal. The elections witnessed communal voting in contrast to the strong anti-british unity shown in various upsurges due to: 1. Separate electorates; 2. Limited franchise. Ans:69)(d) Explanation: At the end of 1907, All India Muslim League was founded by people like Aga Khan, The Nawab of Dacca and Nawab Mohsin -ul-mulk. Jinnah was a member of Congress when League was founded and he joined it Later Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was congress member Sir Syed Ahmed Khan died before the formation of All India Muslim League 8 Ans:70)(a) Ans:71)(d) Ans:72)(d) Explanation: Cripps Mission was sent to India under the president ship of Stafford Cripps in march The intention was to get Indian support for Britishers in the ongoing World War II. It proposed: An Indian Dominion that will be free to decide its relations with the commonwealth and United Nations A constituent assembly to be convened to frame a new constitution. Any province not willing to join the Union could have a separate constitution and form a separate Union. Other points in the proposal were Acceptance of Indian constitution by British government would be subject to condition that any province would have the right to have separate union and a treaty to be negotiated to effect the power transfer to safeguard racial and religious minorities Defense of India to remain in British hands. Ans:73)(b) Explanation: The Prime Minister of Britain Clement Atlee declared on February 20, 1947 in the House of Commons that the British would quit India after transferring power into the responsible hand not later than June 30, The idea was that the Indians should settle their issues before that. He also announced the appointment of Lord Mountabatten as Viceroy in place of Lord Wavell. He also announced that the British would relinquish power either to some form of Central Government or in some areas to the existing provincial governments if the Constituent Assembly was not fully representative i.e. if the Muslim majority provinces did not join. Moreover, it was also announced that the British power and obligations vis-à-vis Princely States would lapse with the transfer of power, but these would not be transferred to any successor government in British India. Ans:74)(a) Ans:75)(d) Ans:76)(d) Explanation: The RIN Revolt started on 18th Feb, 1946 when HMIS Talwar struck work at Bombay to protest against the treatment meted out to them- flagrant racial discrimination, unpalatable food, and abuses to boot.

9 The mutineers hoisted three flags tied together on the ships which they had captured -One of Congress, One of Muslim League, and the third Red Flag of the Communist Party of India. The mutiny was ended by intervention of Sardar Patel, who after a meeting with M. S. Khan made a statement of ending the strike. The similar statement was made by Jinnah in Calcutta. The mutineers surrendered but despite the assurances of Congress and Muslim League, many mutineers were arrested, subjected to court martial and dismissed from the services. The violence broke out in Mumbai and over 200 people lost lives in this disturbance. The mutiny made an impression on the British, that it would be better to leave the country. On February 19, the second day of this mutiny, Cabinet Mission was sent to India. However, it was not in response to this revolt. The decision to send out the Mission was taken by the British Cabinet on 22 January 1946 and even its announcement on 19 February had been slated a week earlier the revolt began. Ans:77)(d) Explanation: The Fauj had brigades named after Gandhi, Nehru, Azad and Subhash, and Rani Jhansi. Netaji was not interested in having a brigade named after him, but had to relent to the growing pressure of the jawans. Ans:78)(b) Explanation: Alipore Conspiracy - The government searches for illicit arms at Maniktala Gardens and elsewhere in Calcutta led to the arrest of 34 persons including the two Ghosh brothers, Aurobindo and Barindra. Muzaffarpur Murders - An attempt was made to murder Kingford, the Judge of Muzaffarpur. The bomb was by mistake instead killed two ladies. Praffula Chaki and Khudiram Bose were arrested; Chaki shot himself dead while Bose was tried and hanged. Rand Murder - It was committed by Chapekar Brothers, Damodar and Balkrishna. They killed W.C. Rand, the notorious chairman of the Poona Plague Commission, which was allegedly responsible for the atrocities perpetrated by the soldiers during their house searches to identify plague victims. Col. Curzon Wyllie Murder - It was committed by Madan Lal Dhingra. V.D. Savarkar, Hardayal and Madan Lal Dhingra were members of the India Home Rule Society set up by Shyamji Krishnavarma. After this incident, Madan Lal was hanged and 9 activities of the India House were wounded up. Ans:79)(c) Explanation: Prati Sarkar was one of the many independent Indian led local level governments which were formed in parallel to the nationwide Quit India movement in Prati Sarkar was a name given to the Government set up in Satara by leaders like Nana Patil and Y.B Chavan. Ans:80)(b) Ans:81)(d) Explanation: HRA was reorganized to HSRA by people like Bejoy Kumar Sinha, Shiv Verma and Jaidev Kumar in U.P, and Bhagat Singh, B.C. Vohra and Sukhdev in Punjab under the overall leadership of Chandrashekhar Azad. It had a three-fold objective 1. Ideologically inspired by Russian Revolution and the Socialist thought, substitute British Imperialism in India by a federated republic of the United States of India. 2. Rouse the consciousness of the people to the futility of the Gandhian methods of nonviolence. 3. Demonstrate need and desirability of direct action and revolution for achieving complete independence. Ans:82)(c) Explanation: Mappila Revolt- The Mappilas were the Muslim tenants inhabiting the Malabar region where most of the landlords were Hindus. The Mappilas had expressed their resentment against the oppression of the landlords during the nineteenth century also. Their grievances centred around lack of security of tenure, high rents, renewal fees and other oppressive exactions. The Mappila tenants were particularly encouraged by the demand of the local Congress body for a government legislation regulating tenant landlord relations. Soon, the Mappila movement merged with the ongoing Khilafat agitation. The leaders of the Khilafat Non Cooperation Movement like Gandhi, Shaukat Ali and Maulana Azad addressed Mappila meetings. After the arrest of national leaders, the leadership passed into the hands of local Mappila leaders. Things took a turn for the worse in August 1921 when the arrest of a respected priest leader, Ali Musaliar, sparked off large scale riots. Initially, the symbols of British authority courts, police stations, treasuries and offices and unpopular landlords (jenmies who were mostly Hindus) were the targets. But once the British declared martial

10 law and repression began in earnest, the character of the rebellion underwent a definite change. Many Hindus were seen by the Mappilas to be helping the authorities. What began as an anti government and anti landlord affair acquired communal overtones. The communalization of the rebellion completed the isolation of the Mappilas from the Khilafat Non Cooperation Movement. By December 1921, all resistance had come to an end. Ans:83)(a) Explanation: In November, 1917, Lord Montague visited India and conferred with the Lord Chelmsford, the officials of the central and provincial governments and Indian leaders. On the basis of these deliberations the Report on Indian Constitutional Reforms which came to be known as Montague Chelmsford Report was published in July, It was on the basis of the report that the Government of India Act, 1919 was drafted and introduced in the British Parliament in December, In August 1918 a special session of the congress was called at Bombay to consider this report. In this session a resolution was passed by the Congress condemning the scheme as inadequate, unsatisfactory and disappointing. The Moderates abstained from attending the Congress session at Bombay, they were convinced that the proposals marked a substantial advance upon then existing conditions and that there should be sincere appreciation of the good faith shown therein. Ans:84)(c) Explanation: The Tebhaga movement was an independence campaign initiated in Bengal by the Kisan Sabha (peasants front of Communist Party of India) in At that time share-cropping peasants (essentially, tenants) had to give half of their harvest to the owners of the land. The demand of the Tebhaga (sharing by thirds) movement was to reduce the share given to landlords to one third. In many areas the agitations turned violent, and landlords fled villages leaving parts of the countryside in the hands of Kisan Sabha. As a response to the agitations, the then Muslim League ministry in the province launched the Bargadari Act, which provided that the share of the harvest given to the landlords would be limited to one third of the total. But the law was not fully implemented. 10 Ans:85)(b) Explanation: Individual Satyagraha was direct result of August Offer. August offer was brought during critical period of war by British in Both Congress and Muslim League rejected August Offer. Congress wished to launch Civil disobedience Movement, but Gandhi saw the atmosphere against such a movement, he didn't want hamper the War efforts. He called for individual Satyagraha. The first Satyagrahi selected was Acharya Vinoba Bhave, who was sent to Jail when he spoke against the war. Second Satyagrahi was Jawahar Lal Nehru. Third was Brahma Datt, one of the inmates of the Gandhi s Ashram. Sarojini Naidu was also a part of Individual Satyagraha. Ans:86)(c) Explanation: Sequence of Europeans who came to Pre-Independence India as traders is: 1. Portuguese 1498 A.D. (Ist factory was established in Cochin in 1503 A.D.) 2. Dutch 1602 A.D. (Ist factory was established in Masulipattanam in 1605 A.D.) 3. English 1600 A.D. (Ist factory was established in 1608 in Surat). 4. French 1664 A.D. (Ist factory was established in 1668 in Surat). Ans:87)(d) Explanation: The cultivation of tobacco and red chilies in India was contributed by Portuguese and mobile cannons in warfare customed in the Mughal era. There were various types of tanks in the ordinance factory of Akbar. Thus, none of the above was introduced into India by the English. Ans:88)(c) Explanation: As per the second Treaty of Allahabad (August 1765), the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II was taken under the company s protection and was to reside at Allahabad. He was assigned Allahabad and Kara ceded by the Nawab of Oudh. The Emperor issued an order dated 12th August, 1765 granting Company the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa in return the company had to made an annual payment of Rs 26 Lakhs to him and provide Rs 53 Lakhs for the expenses of the Nizamat. During this time Robert Clive was Governor of Bengal. Ans:89)(c) Explanation: Third Anglo-Mysore War ( ) ended with Treaty of Srirangapatna (18792). It was signed by Tipu Sultan and Cornwallis. According to the treaty, Half of the territories of Tipu was snatched away

11 from him and divided among Marathas, British, and Nizam. Tipu had to pay Rs crore as war indemnity to British as his two sons were kept hostage. Ans:90)(b) Explanation: The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to enter into such alliance. The Nawab of Awadh was next to accept the alliance.maratha ruler Bajirao II also accepted a subsidiary alliance. Several states like Hyderabad (1797), Tanjore and Mysore (1799), Awadh (1801), Bhonsle (1803), Sindhiya (1804), Indore (1817) Adopted this system. Ans:91)(a) Ans:92)(a) Ans:93)(b) Explanation: Lord Macaulay s Education Policy, This policy was an attempt to create that system of education which educates only upper strata of society through English. 2. English become court language and Persian was abolished as court language. 3. Printings of English books were made free and available at very low price. 4. English education gets more fund as compare to oriental learning. 5. In 1849, JED Bethune founded Bethune School. 6. Agriculture Institute was established at Pusa (Bihar) 7. Engineering Institute was established at Roorkee. Ans:94)(a) Explanation: Hartog Committee was appointed by the Simon Commission as an Auxiliary Committee under the chairmanship of Sir Phillip Hartog to prepare a report on education. The Committee studied the various aspects on education and submitted its report in Ans:95)(c) Explanation: Komagatamaru incident Home Rule league First Round table conference 1930 (Nov) 1931 (Jan) Karachi congress Session 1931 (March) Ans:96)(d) Ans:97)(d) Ans:98)(c) Ans:99)(a) Explanation: Diarchy at the Centre was introduced and at the provinces it was abolished. Bicameral legislature, provincial autonomy and All-India Federation were the provisions of the GOI Act Ans:100)(d) 11