EU- the Euro, potential candidates and our personal expierience. Adrian Frings, Nicole Rydz

Transcription

1 EU- the Euro, potential candidates and our personal expierience Adrian Frings, Nicole Rydz

2 Table of Content 1.Introduction 2.Eurozone 3.Being an Eu citizen 4.Why some countries do not join the EU 5.Potential EU Candidates

3 Introduction

4 Basic Information about the EU -Founded after second world war as European Economic Community -Starting Countries: Belgium, Germany, France, Italy Luxembourg, Netherlands -Now includes 28 Countries (the newest is Croatia)

5 Eu GDP vs other countries

6

7 Poland Capital: Warsaw (Warszawa) Size: km² Population: 39 million (7th) GDP: billion (10th) GDP per capita: 12,866.7 USD (22nd) Main export products: furniture, foods, motor boats, light planes, hardwood products, casual clothing, shoes and cosmetics. Famous companies: Delphia Yachts, Melex, Solaris, Bumar, KGHM

8 Germany Capital: Berlin Size: km² Population: 82,6 million (1st) GDP: 3800 Billion USD (1st) GDP per capita: USD (7th) Main export products: Vehicles, Pharmaceuticals, Chemical Products, high tech machinery and sensors Famous companies: Daimler, Volkswagen, BMW, Siemens, Adidas, Puma, Bayer, Allianz, E.ON

9 Eurozone

10 Eurozone -Introduced in 1999/2000 with 11 starting Countries. -Today 19 Countries use the Euro as their currency -Second most used and traded currency in the World -1 Euro is currently approximatly 1350 Won -Controlled by the European Central Bank in Frankfurth, Germany

11

12 How to join the Euro (Maastricht treaty) -stable prices (HICP inflation rate lower than 0,7%) -stable exchange rate (+/- 10%) -budget balance (less than 3% budget deficit and 60% gdp to debt ratio) -stable long term interest rates (max 4%) -Be in ERM II for 2 or more years -Have compatible legislation

13 Euro Advantages -Currency stability (low inflation, protection from external shocks) -Simplified and therefore increasing trade in the EU (economic integration) -Advantages for consumers (traveling/price transparency) -Weaker countries enjoy lower interest rates and receive more foreign direct investment -Stronger countries enjoy bigger exports due to decreased currency value

14 Euro Disadvantages -Difficult to find the right monetary policy in heterogenus economic situations (economic cycles) -Country is unable to react with financial tools on its own (Greece in the EU-Crisis) -Cost of Introduction

15 Being an EU citizen

16 Schengen-treaty Blue= EU Schengen Members Yellow= Non EU Schengen Members Purple= EU Non/Special Schengen Members -Allows border crossing without controls -Common visa policie ( Schengenvisa )

17

18 Refugee Crisis -Schengen at some borders got suspended temporarily at some borders -Very heated topic in the EU and individual countries (rise of right wing political movements) -Some took in many refugees, others nearly none (of refugees approved in the EU in got taken in by Germany/ Uk accepted 1850)

19 The Visegrad Group <V4) The Visegrad Group (also known as the "Visegrad Four" or simply "V4") reflects the efforts of the countries of the Central European region to work together in a number of fields of common interest within the all-european integration. Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia have always been part of a single civilization sharing cultural and intellectual values and common roots in diverse religious traditions, which they wish to preserve and further strengthen.

20 the Visegrad Group (V4)

21 Freedom of living and working in the EU -A right reserved for EU citizens -Currently about 17 Million europeans live in another EU country (3% ) -additionally many hop borders for work and remain residing in their home country

22 EU-15 nationals residing in another member state (share of total population)

23 Freedom of studying and Erasmus -Every EU citizen is entitled to study at any EU university under the same conditions as nationals (language barrier and difference in fees can occur) -Erasmus Program helps EU Students and trainees to study or work in another EU country (general support as well as money is granted) -Per year about use the system -Projected that by % of students spend a period abroad during their studies

24 Why do some countries not join the EU?

25 Conditions for membership -Conditions for membership: * respects the democratic values of the EU and is committed to promoting them. *'Copenhagen criteria'-1993 *The Western Balkans -Negotiations: *the "acquis" *35 different policy fields (chapters)-transport, energy, environment, etc -Other issues discussed: *financial arrangements *transitional arrangements

26 Steps towards joining -When a country is ready it becomes an official candidate for membership -Screening /EU membership negotiations -Concluding the negotiations/closing the chapters -Accession treaty/an acceding country *Special process for Western Balkans

27

28

29 Potential Candidates

30

31 NON-EU nations situation Current member states Member state which has given notice of its intent to withdraw from the EU: United Kingdom Candidates: Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey Potential candidates that have applied for membership: Bosnia and Herzegovina Potential candidates that have not applied for membership: Kosovo* (status disputed). States that have frozen or withdrawn their applications: Iceland (frozen), Norway (withdrawn), Switzerland (withdrawn) States which have both ratified an EU Association Agreement and have had their European perspective for membership explicitly recognised by the EU: Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine [2]

32 Iceland, Norway and Greenland -very stable,even without membership -Schengen members -Members of European Economic Area (EEA)aplies major economic EU laws and negotiations were expected to proceed rapid -norway has the oil it in the North Sea -Iceland prefer to keep tighter political relations with north american countries -the main issues in all countries are the fisheries sector and whale hunting, while progress had been made concerning the Icesave dispute. *Even Though Norway has already suspended its application it can renew it,like Malta did.

33 NorwayEditMalta

34 Switzerland -has a tradition of neutrality that made it wait decades before joining the united nations. -plus all its special banking legislation would have to be changed to fit the european one and this would have serious consequences on its economy.

35 -territory issues- Bosnia&Herzegovina vs. Serbian State-new issue! -Kosovo Vs. Serbia -Despite interventions of many IOs the former Yugoslavia has been divided very badly into it s new countries, just like Africa -Human trafficking in Albania

36 -Strong Russian influence in all nations(former USSR)(Bastions of Communism) -worse GDP per capita1 900,20 USD (2016),than Balkan nations,especially Moldova(the poorest country in Europe) -Dictatorship and corruption-belarus and Ukraine to some extend-poisoning of Viktor Yushchenkogold in Viktor s Yanukovich palace -War in Ukraine,caused partially by UE -Volynhia -Russian minorities-crimea

37 Viktor Yushchenko dan_on_maidan_nezalezhnosti%2c_kiev_ webm Yulia Tymoshenko

38 Turkey -one of the biggest successes of IMF (meets the economic criteria) -threatening with opening borders to refugees -human rights issues-kurds (40 million people in total in Syria, Iraq, Iran & Turkey), Armenian Genocide, Northern Cyprus

39 Georgia, Azerbaijan, Nadgorno-Karabakh, Armenia, Kazkhstan -Europeanised culture and cultural heritage-ussr, Ottoman Empire -Geographically in Europe, do not cross Ural Mountains -Are really far from the heart of the EU, too close to Russia and the Middle Eastern influences, -Territory disputes -Nagorno-Karabakh-Azerbaijan -Southern Ossetia and Abhazia-Georgia -Baikonur

40 In May 2008, Poland and Sweden put forward a joint proposal for an "Eastern Partnership" with Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, with Russia and Belarus participating in some aspects. Eventually, Belarus joined the initiative as a full member, while Russia does not participate at all. The Polish foreign minister Radosław Sikorski said "We all know the EU has enlargement fatigue. We have to use this time to prepare as much as possible so that when the fatigue passes, membership becomes something natural" In May 2009, the Eastern Partnership was inaugurated. Its members include the European Union as well as the post-soviet states Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine.

41 History of enlargement overseas territories you were in monaco, san marino, vatikan and switzerland when poland joined EU

42 Discussion

43 Why do some countries join the Euro and others do not?

44 Would you want your country to join an EU type union? Why?

45 What positive and negative effects do refugees have on a country?

46 What problems do keep Eastern European countries from joining the EU? Solutions?

47 Possible resources for discussion

48 Reference

49

50

51

52